Rapid genotypic change in a population of the grass Danthonia spicata following disturbance

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Scheiner ◽  
James A. Teeri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Danthonia Spicata

A population of the grass Danthonia spicata growing in a pine–hardwood forest in northern lower Michigan was studied before, during, and after a period of major disturbance. Samples of the aboveground population were collected after clear-cutting but before fire, 9 days after fire, 10 months after fire, and 13 months after fire. Change was examined by growing clonally replicated genets in a series of light and watering treatments in the greenhouse. There was a significant change in the composition of the population after fire. Genets collected following the fire grew faster and larger in the 100% light treatment than individuals collected before the fire. Differences among collections were small or not significant for plants grown in the 20 and 6% light treatments. The watering treatments showed little or no effects. Although there are limitations in the interpretation of common garden studies, the differences among collections appear to have a genetic basis. The growth characteristics of genets collected after the fire showed possible adaptation to postfire conditions. These results suggest a greater importance for genetic adaptation in the persistence of D. spicata during secondary succession than had been concluded from earlier experiments.

Does climate-related in situ variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles have a genetic basis? Evidence from common garden experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Jankowski ◽  
Tomasz P Wyka ◽  
Roma Żytkowiak ◽  
Darius Danusevičius ◽  
Jacek Oleksyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

Shifts In Aquatic Insect Populations In A First-Order Southern Appalachian Stream Following A Decade Of Old Field Succession

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Haefner ◽  
J. Bruce Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Old Field ◽  
First Order ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
One Year

Aquatic insects of two first-order southern Appalachian streams were sampled monthly during one year. Sawmill Branch Watershed was subjected to several disturbances before 1968, including clear-cutting. Since 1968 Sawmill Branch Watershed has undergone natural secondary succession from terrestrial vegetation dominated by Gramineae to a herbaceous/coppice hardwood dominated by black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia. Grady Branch, the control stream, drains an undisturbed hardwood watershed. Aquatic insect densities on Sawmill Branch were about twice those of Grady Branch, which represent a dramatic reversal from results obtained by a similar study in 1968. It is suggested that change in riparian vegetation is a major factor influencing long-term changes in aquatic insect populations, and these changes are manifested through a shift toward an allochthonous energy base. The most conspicuous changes in macrobenthos on the disturbed watershed between 1968 and 1978 were a reduction in grazer organisms and a corresponding increase in shredder organisms, especially Peltoperla (Plecoptera).Key words: macrobenthos, secondary succession, watershed changes, clear-cutting, allochthonous detritus, food quality.

Phenotypic flexibility and genetic adaptation along a gradient of secondary forest succession in the grass Danthonia spicata

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Scheiner ◽  
James A. Teeri
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Danthonia Spicata

Populations of Danthonia spicata were studied from sites of ages 0, 26, 32, 44, and 69 years after fire in the aspen–pine forests of northern lower Michigan. Along this gradient the environment changes from unshaded and dry to a shaded, moist pine and hardwood forest. Greenhouse treatments and transplant gardens were used to investigate the extent to which phenotypic flexibility and genetic adaptation were responsible for the persistence of D. spicata across this light and soil moisture gradient. With regard to phenotypic flexibility, we found that individual plants of D. spicata can grow and reproduce in light levels lower than those found at any site in the field. The populations were genetically distinct from each other but the differences were small relative to the range of phenotypic flexibility. Some populations and individuals performed better under high light conditions and all individuals performed equally poorly under low light conditions. A multivariate analysis suggests that genetic drift may have been more important than selection in differentiating the populations. Phenotypic flexibility was shown to be more important than genetic adaptation in explaining the persistence of D. spicata along the successional gradient.

scholarly journals Major QTL controls adaptation to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Selby ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Major Qtl

ABSTRACTSpatially varying selection is a critical driver of adaptive differentiation. Yet, there are few examples where the fitness effects of naturally segregating variants that contribute to local adaptation have been measured in the field. This project investigates the genetic basis of adaption to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus. Reciprocal transplant studies show that serpentine and non-serpentine populations of M. guttatus are genetically differentiated in their ability to survive on serpentine soils. We mapped serpentine tolerance by performing a bulk segregant analysis on F2 survivors from a field transplant study and identify a single QTL where individuals that are homozygous for the non-serpentine allele do not survive on serpentine soils. This same QTL controls serpentine tolerance in a second, geographically distant population. A common garden study where the two serpentine populations were grown on each other′s soil finds that one of the populations has significantly lower survival on this “foreign” serpentine soil compared to its home soil. So, while these two populations share a major QTL they either differ at other loci involved in serpentine adaptation or have different causal alleles at this QTL. This raises the possibility that serpentine populations may not be broadly tolerant to serpentine soils but may instead be locally adapted to their particular patch. Nevertheless, despite the myriad chemical and physical challenges that plants face in serpentine habitats, adaptation to these soils in M. guttatus has a simple genetic basis.

Concordant estimates of countergradient growth variation in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) using comparative life-history data

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Rypel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Size At Age

Latitudinal growth compensation (i.e., countergradient growth) is increasingly suspected to be pervasive across diverse taxa. However, a major challenge limiting wider exploration of this topic lies in the difficulty of quantifying these relationships. Common garden experiments, and ideally genetics, remain the only true methods for understanding the genetic basis for compensatory growth. However, previous research suggests that comparative life-history data might produce concomitant, albeit nonconfirmatory, results on countergradient growth variations. However, there have been no evaluations of the precision of such estimates against those that are experimentally derived. I examined countergradient growth variations using comparative size-at-age data for striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ), a species for which experiments have already quantified countergradient growth patterns, and compared results derived from both techniques. The slope of the growth–latitude relationship for striped bass in eastern North America as measured with comparative data was virtually identical to that produced from experiments. Furthermore, comparative estimates of countergradient growth variations developed using a variety of metrics produced highly concordant results with one another. Comparative life-history data are not a replacement for experiments, but do provide valuable information on countergradient growth variations, especially for species and hypotheses not amenable to experimentation.

Effects of two silvicultural practices on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a northern hardwood forest, Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
Claude Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of selective cutting (6 and 8 years after treatment) and strip clear-cutting (12 and 13 years after treatment) on abundance and diversity of carabid beetles was evaluated in a northern hardwood forest of Quebec, Canada. A total of 1078 individuals belonging to 14 species were captured with pitfall traps from June to September 1996 during 2568 day-trap. Abundance of Synuchus impunctatus Say was significantly higher in clear-cut compared with uncut control strips. There were no within-species differences between selectively cut and uncut plots. None of these two silvicultural systems had any significant impacts on species diversity and richness 6–13 years after treatment. Although we observed an effect of strip clear-cutting on the abundance of S. impunctatus in this northern hardwood forest, the discrepancy between the response of carabids to forest disturbance in this study compared with other studies in different ecological regions suggests that the same carabid beetle species cannot be used as an indicator of forest disturbance over a large region. Our results suggest the use of carabid beetles as a disturbance indicator at the ecological-type scale (relatively similar soil and forest type) in a given region.

Morphological and chromosomal variation in Dodecatheon pulchellum (Primulaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2476-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri A. Suttill ◽  
Geraldine A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Ecological Differences

Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. is a widespread and morphologically variable species of western North America. Analysis of morphological variation, combined with chromosome counts and evidence from a transplant study, showed this species to consist of two subspecies. Subspecies cusickii is pubescent, mainly diploid, and occurs in the drier parts of the species range. The more variable ssp. pulchellum is glabrous to sparsely pubescent, mainly polyploid, and is widely distributed. Within ssp. pulchellum, three varieties can be recognized: the tall, many-flowered var. alaskanum, of wet, low-elevation habitats; the diminutive var. watsonii, generally of alpine habitats; and the intermediate and widely distributed var. pulchellum. Common garden studies indicate that size differences among these varieties have a genetic basis and that ecological differences exist in D. pulchellum even among morphologically similar forms. Key words: Dodecatheon, Primulaceae, systematics, morphology, chromosome numbers, common garden studies.

Evidence for Losses From Strongly Bound SOM Pools After Clear Cutting in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Soil Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Lacroix ◽  
Chelsea L. Petrenko ◽  
Andrew J. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Clear Cutting
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