Morphological and chromosomal variation in Dodecatheon pulchellum (Primulaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2476-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri A. Suttill ◽  
Geraldine A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Ecological Differences

Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. is a widespread and morphologically variable species of western North America. Analysis of morphological variation, combined with chromosome counts and evidence from a transplant study, showed this species to consist of two subspecies. Subspecies cusickii is pubescent, mainly diploid, and occurs in the drier parts of the species range. The more variable ssp. pulchellum is glabrous to sparsely pubescent, mainly polyploid, and is widely distributed. Within ssp. pulchellum, three varieties can be recognized: the tall, many-flowered var. alaskanum, of wet, low-elevation habitats; the diminutive var. watsonii, generally of alpine habitats; and the intermediate and widely distributed var. pulchellum. Common garden studies indicate that size differences among these varieties have a genetic basis and that ecological differences exist in D. pulchellum even among morphologically similar forms. Key words: Dodecatheon, Primulaceae, systematics, morphology, chromosome numbers, common garden studies.

The Galium trifidum group (Galium sect. Aparinoides, Rubiaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1911-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Puff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Classification ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

By using morphology, karyology, pollen size, leaf flavonoids, ecological observations, and modification experiments, a new classification of the Galium trifidum group is proposed. Nine taxa in five species are recognized: (1) G. tinctorium, with ssp. tinctorium and sap. floridanum (new comb.) in eastern North America; (2) G. brevipes, a rare species centered in the Great Lakes region; (3) G. trifidum, with ssp. trifidum in northern North America. Asia, and Europe, ssp. columbianum (new comb.) in (north)western North America and (north)eastern Asia, and ssp. subbiflorum (new comb.) and ssp. halophilum (new comb.) in northern North America; (4) G. innocuum in southeastern Asia; (5) G. karakulense in central Asia.New chromosome counts of n = 12 and 2n = 24 are reported for G. tinctorium ssp. tinctorium and ssp. floridanum; and G. trifidum ssp. trifidum, ssp. columbianum, and ssp. subbiflorum.

Ecological diversification among nine species of Pohlia (Musci) in western North America

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jonathan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions ◽  
Broad Region

Nine North American species of Pohlia, section Pohliella, form a complex of morphologically and ecologically similar species. In western North America, where there is a broad region of overlap in geographic ranges, they frequently grow together in various combinations. Over 300 soil samples representative of these species were analyzed with respect to organic matter content, pH, and concentrations of exchangeable calcium and magnesium ions, and each species was found to be distinctive in terms of these environmental factors. Morphologically variable species tend to be ecologically and geographically widespread, while less variable species tend to be more restricted. Species with a predominance of primitive morphological features occur primarily on tundra soils of intermediate pH, while morphologically advanced species inhabit road banks or other disturbed sites where the pH may be high or low.

Morphological variation in Bromus sect. Ceratochloa germplasm of Patagonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia N Massa ◽  
Kevin B Jensen ◽  
Steve R Larson ◽  
David J Hole
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
South American ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Nearly Continuous

South American representatives of Bromus sect. Ceratochloa make up a morphologically diverse group of grasses indigenous to the southern Andes of Argentina and Chile. The objectives of the present study were to describe patterns of morphological variation among 30 accessions representing six species (Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus coloratus Steud., Bromus lithobius Trin., Bromus mango E. Desv., Bromus stamineus E. Desv., and Bromus tunicatus Phil.) in a common garden, correlate morphological and previously obtained molecular data, and develop a taxonomic treatment within sect. Ceratochloa of South America. Plant materials included 28 hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) and 2 octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) accessions. Based on multivariate analyses of 24 characters, the two octoploid accessions formed an isolated, well-defined group, while the hexaploids formed two less-defined groups. Characterized by lemma awns longer than 3 mm, one group consisted of those accessions of B. coloratus, B. lithobius, and B. stamineus, whereas the other group consisted of B. catharticus, B. mango, and B. tunicatus. A significant Mantel test statistic (r = 0.70, P = 0.001) suggested a high correlation between morphological variation and DNA polymorphism. Taken together, our results indicated that the hexaploid complex should be described as a single variable species (B. cathar ticus), with two nearly continuous groups: B. catharticus subsp. catharticus (Vahl) Herter and B. catharticus subsp. stamineus (E. Desv.) Massa. Based on nomenclature priority and type specimen designations, the octoploid accessions should be described as Bromus coloratus.Key words: Bromus, morphology, multivariate analysis, Patagonia, taxonomy.

Studies on populations of potorous Desmarest (Marsupialia) II. Electrophoretic, chromosomal and breeding studies

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Johnston ◽  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Geographic variation in potoroos (genus Potorous) from south-eastern Australia and Tasmania was investigated by electrophoretic and chromosomal techniques. Six of the 10 potoroo blood proteins examined showed electrophoretic variation and the genetic basis of three of these was established by breeding studies. Levels of genic heterozygosity were similar in Tasmanian and mainland populations. Coefficients of genetic similarity based on 10 loci indicated that potoroos from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands are similar to each other but different from those of mainland Australia. No chromosomal variation was observed in potoroos examined from south-eastern Australia and Tasmania. Crosses between animals from these regions produced fertile offspring. It is concluded from this study and a related investigation on morphological variation that the genus Potorous should be separated into two species, P. platyops and P. tridactylus, with the further subdivision of the latter species into P.t. tridactylus from mainland Australia (including P. gilberti) and P.t. apicalis from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands.

Morphometric variation within and between populations of the pine aphid, Cinara nigra (Wilson) (Homoptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae), in western North America

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Foottit ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Morphometric Variation

Morphological variation in Cinara nigra (Wilson), found on Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud, throughout western North America, was characterized with the aid of univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Within-population variation in one sample collected near Edson, Alberta, was examined. Correlation and principal component analysis revealed patterns of interdependence among characters as well as patterns of size and size-related shape variation in 52 characters. To examine morphological variation between 19 geographic samples, this initial set was reduced in two steps to 49 and 32 characters, respectively; the reduction did not result in a significant loss of information content. No geographic pattern in clusters of samples was revealed either by the ordination of sample centroids or by UPGMA cluster analysis of the Mahalanobis D values. The taxonomic implications of this morphometric analysis are discussed, in particular the usefulness of various morphological attributes for species discrimination.

An analysis of morphological variation in Senecio cymbalaria (Asteraceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Whitton ◽  
John F. Bain
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Key Words Biogeography

Senecio cymbalaria Pursh is an arctic-alpine perennial that exhibits a broad range of morphological variation and occurs in four disjunct regions within North America. In this study, a morphological analysis of herbarium material is undertaken to determine whether the observed morphological variation is primarily attributable to morphological discontinuities among geographically isolated groups. Eighty individuals representing the total geographic range of the species were scored for 24 morphological characters and the data matrix subjected to principal components and cluster analyses. Individuals from the southern Rocky Mountains, previously recognized as Senecio conterminus, are separated from the remainder of S. cymbalaria in both analyses. Our results support recognition of two species, S. conterminus and S. cymbalaria. Although populations from the Gaspé and from Newfoundland form somewhat distinct clusters, neither can clearly be distinguished from populations of S. cymbalaria from Alaska, the Yukon, and Northwest Territories. Chromosome counts of 2n = 138 were obtained from two individuals from the Gaspé peninsula. Key words: biogeography, phenetics, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Senecio, disjunction, chromosome numbers.

Revision of the Aster lanceolatus complex, including A. simplex and A. hesperius (Compositae: Astereae): a multivariate morphometric study

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Semple ◽  
Jerry G. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Typical Variety

The complex is treated as a single species, Aster lanceolatus, on the basis of fieldwork, garden studies, herbarium work, and multivariate analyses of morphological variation of reproductive structures among 200 representative specimens. Two subspecies are recognized: ssp. hesperius occurring in western North America and ssp. lanceolatus occurring in central and eastern North America. Subspecies lanceolatus is further divided into four varieties: var. hirsuticaulis, var. interior, var. lanceolatus (including A. simplex), and var. latifolius. The typical variety is the most diverse and is considered to include forms most like the ancestor of the species. A key to the five infraspecific taxa is presented along with full synonymy. The following new names and combinations are proposed: Aster lanceolatus ssp. hesperius, A. lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus var. hirsuticaulis, A. lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus var. interior, and A. lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus var. latifolius.

Using community science to explore the spatial distribution of the daylily gall midge (Cecidomyiidae) in Canada’s Maritimes region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alicia S.M.A. Cattiaux ◽  
Heather J. Caseley ◽  
Katherine L. Rutherford ◽  
Paul Manning
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Community Science

Abstract The daylily gall midge, Contarinia quinquenotata (Loew) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an ornamental pest of daylilies, Hemerocallis spp. Linneas (Asphodelaceae). Originally native to Asia, this pest was accidentally introduced to western North America, and it is believed to occur throughout other parts of North America even though its presence has not been confirmed. Using an online survey of gardeners across Canada’s “Maritimes” (the region that includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island), we determined that symptoms of the pest occurred at multiple sites across Nova Scotia, but we received no reports from Prince Edward Island or New Brunswick. Sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene of the samples submitted by community scientists, we confirmed the daylily gall midge occurs at multiple sites across Nova Scotia. A common garden study that included 517 daylily varieties found that yellow-flowering varieties were almost twice as likely to be affected as nonyellow varieties. Early-flowering varieties were more likely to be attacked than later-flowering varieties. For each day that the date at first flowering was delayed, the likelihood of gall midge attack decreased by 16%. To avoid or mitigate damage where the daylily gall midge occurs, selecting late-flowering varieties with nonyellow flowers can be a useful complement to destructing infested flower buds.

Studies of the Salix lucida and Salix reticulata complexes in North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Argus
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

A study of morphological variation in the Salix lucida complex revealed three geographical races: one in northeastern North America, a second in western North America extending from Alaska to California, and a third in the southern Rocky Mountains, S. lucida ssp. lucida, Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra comb, nov., and Salix lucida ssp. caudata comb, nov., respectively. The Salix reticulata complex in the Rocky Mountain region is represented by two geographical races, ssp. reticulata in the north and ssp. nivalis in the south. Variation in ssp. nivalis suggests that hybridization and introgression occur where the two races overlap, and that the results of past hybridization are still evident in the southern Rocky Mountains.

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