Larix laricina and Picea mariana: relationships among leaf life-span, foliar nutrient patterns, nutrient conservation, and growth efficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Tyrrell ◽  
Ralph E. J. Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

This study compared how two tree species with different leaf life-spans differ in their adaptations to low nutrient availability in a Wisconsin bog. Seasonal patterns of foliar nutrient concentration, nutrient resorption, leaching loss to simulated rainfall, and growth efficiency were determined for Larix laricina and Picea mariana during 1983 and 1984. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in Larix leaves increased slightly during summer; this was followed by strong autumnal resorption. Calcium concentration of Larix leaves increased throughout the entire life-span of the leaves. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were highest in new (age-class 0) Picea leaves and declined with each successive leaf age-class, whereas calcium leaves increased in older leaf age-classes. Winter–spring resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred from all age-classes of Picea leaves; this was followed by a summer increase in foliar nutrient concentrations. Resorption of nitrogen was greater in Larix than in Picea. There were no significant differences in phosphorus resorption or nutrient growth efficiencies between species. Foliar nutrient losses to leaching by artificial rainwater were less than 1% of the total foliar nutrient content. As there was no significant difference in the relative growth rates or growth efficiencies between the two species, the persistence of deciduous Larix in nutrient-poor bogs among species with longer leaf life-spans might be linked to its greater nitrogen conservation.

Effect of snow-free duration on leaf life-span of four alpine plant species

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Rhododendron Aureum ◽  
Key Words Alpine

Leaf life-spans and specific leaf weights of four plant species, Phyllodoce aleutica, Rhododendron aureum, Sieversia pentapetala, and Potentilla matsumurae were compared along a gradient of decreasing snow-free duration in alpine snow beds. Life-span was obtained by observation from emergence to senescence for deciduous plants and was estimated from leaf age distributions for evergreen plants. Along the gradient, the evergreen shrubs Ph. aleutica and R. aureum had extended leaf life-spans, whereas the deciduous shrubs S. pentapetala and the deciduous herb Po. matsumurae had reduced leaf life-spans. Specific leaf weights, obtained by dry weight per unit leaf area, increased in Ph. aleutica but decreased in S. pentapetala and Po. matsumurae along the gradient. These phenomena are considered adaptive adjustments for maintaining a positive carbon balance under the conditions of limited photosynthetic season. Key words: alpine snow bed, carbon balance, deciduous plants, evergreen plants, leaf life-span, specific leaf weight.

scholarly journals Leaf life span and the leaf economic spectrum in the context of whole plant architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
David S. Chatelet ◽  
Lawren Sack ◽  
Michael J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

scholarly journals Shading effects on leaf life span and functional traits in the widespread species Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
Nayara Magry Jesus Melo ◽  
Alessandro Dias Halfed ◽  
Jéssica Naiara Reis
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Shading Effects

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Frost hardiness and winter photosynthesis of Thujapiicata and Pseudotsugamenzlesll seedlings grown at three rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Davradou ◽  
D. Pier ◽  
R. Shortt
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
P Supply

One-year-old seedlings of western red cedar (Thujapiicata Donn ex D.Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown for one season in five nutrient treatments with nitrogen (N) supplied in solution at rates of 20, 100, or 250 mg•L−1 and phosphorus (P) supplied at rates of 4, 20, or 60 mg•L−1. Growth, onset of dormancy, frost hardiness on six dates, and foliar nutrient concentrations in autumn and spring were measured. Midwinter rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at air temperatures of 4, 7, and 11 °C in seedlings from all nutrient treatments. Recovery of net photosynthesis and transpiration in whole seedlings from the three N treatments was assessed at intervals for 28 days after the seedlings were frozen to −5, −15, and −25°C. Foliar N content differed significantly among nutrient treatments and was positively correlated with supply. Mitotic activity ceased earliest in plants with low N supply. Douglas-fir seedlings in the low-N treatment also ceased height growth earliest. These differences in growth had no significant correlation with frost hardiness. No consistent differences in frost hardiness among nutrient treatments were observed. Higher rates of N and P supply resulted in higher rates of winter net photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis was reduced dramatically by night frost, with greater damage occurring at lower temperatures. Net photosynthesis recovery occurred most quickly in seedlings with the midrate of N and P supply.

scholarly journals Slenderness of trees in black locust stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Katarzyna Orzoł
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Research Material

Abstract This paper investigates the slenderness of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) trees in relation to the biosocial status of the trees, stand age class, crown parameters and habitat type. The research material was collected on 35 research plots in the Sława Śląska, Sulechów and Głogów forest districts in western Poland and comprises 1058 trees. For each tree, we measured height (h) as well as diameter at breast height (d) and determined its biosocial status (Kraft class), crown length (CL) and relative crown length (rCL). The age class and habitat type were assessed at the plot level. Because the obtained values for slenderness (s=h/d) diverged significantly from the normal distribution, we used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to investigate the influence of the above-mentioned parameters on the h/d ratio. Black locust slenderness ranged from 0.31 to 1.95 with an average of 0.91 (standard deviation 0.24). It furthermore differed significantly between Kraft classes (the higher the biosocial status, the lower the slenderness) and age classes (the older the trees, the lower their slenderness). We also found a significant effect of the habitat type (in oligotrophic sites trees formed more slender trunks than in mesotrophic sites) and crown parameters on the h/d ratio (decreasing with increasing crown length and relative crown length). The obtained results suggest that the slenderness of black locust does not differ substantially from native broadleaved trees in Poland.

Response of aboveground biomass increment, growth efficiency, and foliar nutrients to thinning, fertilization, and pruning in young Douglas-fir plantations in the central Oregon Cascades

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Velazquez-Martinez ◽  
David A. Perry ◽  
Tom E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The effect of thinning and cultural practices (multinutrient fertilization, pruning) on total aboveground biomass increment and growth efficiency was studied over three consecutive 2-year periods (1981–1987) in young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations. Net aboveground biomass increment over the 6-year period averaged 14.5, 7.8, and 5.5 Mg•ha−1•year−1 for the high-, medium-, and low-density plots, respectively. Growth efficiency, after dropping sharply between leaf area indexes of 1 and 6 m2/m2, remained relatively constant up to a leaf area index of 17, the highest measured. Consequently, aboveground biomass increment continued to increase at leaf area indexes well above that at which the Beer–Lambert law predicts maximum light should be absorbed. Foliage analyses indicate that thinning improved nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium nutrition and increased the translocation of potassium from 1-year-old foliage to support new growth. However, fertilization increased foliar nitrogen and phosphorus contents only when coupled with pruning, suggesting that trees favor total leaf area over individual needle nutrition. Indications of potassium and magnesium limitations in this study are supported by other recent studies in Douglas-fir. Further work on the role of multinutrient deficiencies in this species is warranted.

scholarly journals Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough?

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Deloso ◽  
Murukesan V. Krishnapillai ◽  
Ulysses F. Ferreras ◽  
Anders J. Lindström ◽  
Michael Calonje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Element Concentrations

The literature containing which chemical elements are found in cycad leaves was reviewed to determine the range in values of concentrations reported for essential and beneficial elements. We found 46 of the 358 described cycad species had at least one element reported to date. The only genus that was missing from the data was Microcycas. Many of the species reports contained concentrations of one to several macronutrients and no other elements. The cycad leaves contained greater nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the reported means for plants throughout the world. Magnesium was identified as the macronutrient that has been least studied. Only 14 of the species were represented by data from in situ locations, with most of the data obtained from managed plants in botanic gardens. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by biotic factors such as plant size, leaf age, and leaflet position on the rachis. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by environmental factors such as incident light and soil nutrient concentrations within the root zone. These influential factors were missing from many of the reports, rendering the results ambiguous and comparisons among studies difficult. Future research should include the addition of more taxa, more in situ locations, the influence of season, and the influence of herbivory to more fully understand leaf nutrition for cycads.

Timber production versus old-growth preservation with endogenous prices and forest age-classes

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Values ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Long Run

This study combines timber production and environmental values, applying a dynamic forest-level economic model with any number of forest age-classes. The model includes endogenous timber price or nonlinear harvesting costs and various possibilities to specify the dependence of environmental values (related e.g. to species persistence) on the forest age-class structure. The nonlinearities in the net benefits from timber production have the consequence that fluctuations in optimal timber harvesting may totally vanish or at least become smaller than in forest scheduling models without ad hoc even flow constraints. If environmental values are specified to depend on the fraction of forest land preserved as old growth, the optimal long run allocation between timber production and old growth is represented by an equilibrium continuum. Thus the optimal long run allocation depends on the initial age-class distribution. The continuum and the dependence of initial age-class distribution vanish when the rate of discount approaches zero. If the environmental values of age-classes increase smoothly with age, the long run equilibrium may simultaneously include multiple rotation periods. The model determines the optimality of producing timber and environmental values separately at different parts of the forest or at the same piece of forest land. Numerical computation suggests that the optimal solution always converges toward some optimal long run stationary age-class distribution.

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