Effect of snow-free duration on leaf life-span of four alpine plant species

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Rhododendron Aureum ◽  
Key Words Alpine

Leaf life-spans and specific leaf weights of four plant species, Phyllodoce aleutica, Rhododendron aureum, Sieversia pentapetala, and Potentilla matsumurae were compared along a gradient of decreasing snow-free duration in alpine snow beds. Life-span was obtained by observation from emergence to senescence for deciduous plants and was estimated from leaf age distributions for evergreen plants. Along the gradient, the evergreen shrubs Ph. aleutica and R. aureum had extended leaf life-spans, whereas the deciduous shrubs S. pentapetala and the deciduous herb Po. matsumurae had reduced leaf life-spans. Specific leaf weights, obtained by dry weight per unit leaf area, increased in Ph. aleutica but decreased in S. pentapetala and Po. matsumurae along the gradient. These phenomena are considered adaptive adjustments for maintaining a positive carbon balance under the conditions of limited photosynthetic season. Key words: alpine snow bed, carbon balance, deciduous plants, evergreen plants, leaf life-span, specific leaf weight.

Larix laricina and Picea mariana: relationships among leaf life-span, foliar nutrient patterns, nutrient conservation, and growth efficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Tyrrell ◽  
Ralph E. J. Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

This study compared how two tree species with different leaf life-spans differ in their adaptations to low nutrient availability in a Wisconsin bog. Seasonal patterns of foliar nutrient concentration, nutrient resorption, leaching loss to simulated rainfall, and growth efficiency were determined for Larix laricina and Picea mariana during 1983 and 1984. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in Larix leaves increased slightly during summer; this was followed by strong autumnal resorption. Calcium concentration of Larix leaves increased throughout the entire life-span of the leaves. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were highest in new (age-class 0) Picea leaves and declined with each successive leaf age-class, whereas calcium leaves increased in older leaf age-classes. Winter–spring resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred from all age-classes of Picea leaves; this was followed by a summer increase in foliar nutrient concentrations. Resorption of nitrogen was greater in Larix than in Picea. There were no significant differences in phosphorus resorption or nutrient growth efficiencies between species. Foliar nutrient losses to leaching by artificial rainwater were less than 1% of the total foliar nutrient content. As there was no significant difference in the relative growth rates or growth efficiencies between the two species, the persistence of deciduous Larix in nutrient-poor bogs among species with longer leaf life-spans might be linked to its greater nitrogen conservation.

scholarly journals Relationships between leaf life span, leaf mass per area, and leaf nitrogen cause different altitudinal changes in leaf δ13C between deciduous and evergreen species

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
Y. Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

We examined the variability in stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in leaves of two deciduous broad-leaved species and two evergreen conifer species along an altitudinal gradient in central Japan. The δ13C of the two deciduous species decreased with altitude, except near the upper distribution limit. The two evergreen species, however, showed no clear altitudinal trends for δ13C. The δ13C of the two deciduous species was positively correlated with leaf mass per area (LMA), indicating that the altitudinal variation in δ13C was controlled by LMA. Leaf nitrogen per mass (as a proxy of assimilation capacity, Nmass) was negatively correlated with LMA for the two deciduous species, while it was not correlated with LMA for the two evergreen species. Leaf life span of the two deciduous species decreased with altitude, whereas that of the two evergreen species increased. Thus, the two deciduous species had shorter-lived thinner leaves with higher Nmass at higher altitudes, and the two evergreen species had longer-lived leaves. These changes contribute to the positive carbon balance at higher altitudes. Therefore, the different changes in δ13C with altitude between the deciduous and evergreen species are ascribed to the different altitudinal changes in the leaf traits for carbon balance.

Cost–benefit relationships in fronds emerging at different times in a deciduous fern, Pteridium aquilinum

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Oikawa ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Tadaki Hirose ◽  
Masae Shiyomi ◽  
Shigeo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Leaf Construction Cost

We studied the life-span and ecophysiological traits of "leaves" (fronds) that emerged at different times during the growing season in a deciduous herbaceous fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (in this paper we use "leaves" for fronds to be consistent with other studies on leaf phenology). Leaf life-span was shorter in later than in early cohorts. Leaf construction cost per unit mass was nearly constant among cohorts. Later cohorts had a lower leaf construction cost per unit leaf area with a lower leaf mass per area. Leaf life-span was positively correlated with construction cost per unit area. Late cohorts showed a slightly higher leaf nitrogen content per unit mass, but a lower nitrogen content per unit leaf area with a lower light-saturated photosynthesis per unit area. Light-saturated photosynthesis per unit area was positively correlated with leaf life-span. The ratio of leaf construction cost to light-saturated photosynthesis was lower in late cohorts, and the ratio was nearly proportional to leaf life-span, suggesting that late cohorts may pay back the construction cost despite their shorter life-span.Key words: leaf construction cost, leaf life-span, payback time, light-saturated photosynthesis, seasonal change.

scholarly journals Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Emanuele Gava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

Effects of carbon dioxide on Pharbitis, Xanthium, and Silene in short days

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Purohit ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Silene Armeria

The flowering response and other morphological characters of Pharbitis nil, Xanthium pennsylvanicum, and Silene armeria were studied in environments with different levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen under short-day conditions. Different light sources and intensities were also tested. Irrespective of the light source and intensity used, higher levels of carbon dioxide delayed or inhibited flowering as well as other morphological characters of the short-day plants but induced flowering in the long-day plant. Dry weight per unit leaf area as well as total chlorophyll increased with carbon dioxide concentration. The results are discussed in relation to some other recent reports, and it is proposed that large variations in photosynthetic rates of plants probably alter their photoperiodic response.

scholarly journals Leaf life span and the leaf economic spectrum in the context of whole plant architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
David S. Chatelet ◽  
Lawren Sack ◽  
Michael J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

scholarly journals Shading effects on leaf life span and functional traits in the widespread species Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
Nayara Magry Jesus Melo ◽  
Alessandro Dias Halfed ◽  
Jéssica Naiara Reis
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Shading Effects

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supply Influences Carbohydrate Partitioning of Pepper Seedlings and Transplant Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beny Aloni ◽  
Tamara Pashkar ◽  
Lea Karni ◽  
Jaleh Daie
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

We investigated the effects of N nutrition on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Maor) seedlings in the greenhouse and on their subsequent recovery and development after transplanting. Seedlings received 0, 30, 100, or 200 mg N/liter for 14 days, after which they were transplanted and received 100 mg N/liter. Nitrogen levels below 100 mg·liter−1 inhibited shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll content; both were severely inhibited in the absence of supplemental N. Root growth had a negative relation with N supply; an enhanced root: shoot ratio was observed under low-N regimes. On a unit-leaf-area basis, CO2 fixation was not affected when N was present; however, it was greatly inhibited in the absence of N. Changes in the leaf starch and soluble sugar concentrations occurred as a function of N supply and leaf age. In the roots, low N led to lower sucrose and higher levels of hexose and starch. More sucrose was transported and accumulated into leaf veins of low-N tissue. Exogenously supplied 14C-labeled sucrose was rapidly converted into starch in the low-N tissue. Seedlings that received 100 mg N/liter had the highest post-transplant growth rate and flowered earlier. Carbohydrate status of young pepper seedlings influenced their post-transplant recovery. Optimal N supply is essential for full recovery and development of transplants.

scholarly journals In Situ Estimation of Carbon Balance of In Vitro Sweetpotato and Tomato Plantlets Cultured with Varying Initial Sucrose Concentrations in the Medium

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Makiko Ezawa ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Species Specific

The effects of initial sucrose (suc) concentrations in the medium (S0) on the carbon balance and growth of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. `Beniazuma'] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `HanaQueen') plantlets were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Plantlets were cultured with 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 g·L-1 of S0 under high photosynthetic photon flux (160 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and CO2 enriched (1400 to 2050 μmol·mol-1) conditions. Net photosynthetic rate per leaf area (Pl) decreased and dry weight per plantlet (Wd) increased with increasing S0, but did not differ significantly between S0 of 7.5 to 30 g·L-1 for sweetpotato or 15 to 30 g·L-1 for tomato. Carbon influxes and effluxes of the plantlets by metabolism of medium suc and/or photosynthesis, and respiration were estimated based on measurements of in situ and steady state CO2 exchange rates and sugar uptake during culture. At S0 from 7.5 to 30 g·L-1, photosynthesis was responsible for 82% to 92% and 60% to 67% of carbohydrate assimilation for sweetpotato and tomato, respectively. Estimated carbon balances of plantlets based on the estimated and actual increases of moles of carbon in plant tissue demonstrated that in situ estimation of carbon balance was reasonably accurate for sweetpotato at S0 of 0 to 15 g·L-1 and for tomato at S0 of 0 g·L-1 and that the actual contribution of photosynthesis for tomato at high S0 might be lower than the values estimated in the present experiment. Results showed that initial suc concentration affected the relative contribution of photosynthesis on their carbon balances and that the responses were species specific. The failure of validation at S0 in a range specific to each species suggested the need for further study on carbon metabolism of in vitro plantlets cultured with sugar in the medium.

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