Clonal growth in spire-shaped Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir trees

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Shea ◽  
Michael C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Significant Size

The existence of multitrunk clusters in all-aged stands of spire-shaped Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir trees was documented and their origin was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Identical genotypes at nine variable loci demonstrated that most of the multitrunk clusters resulted from clonal growth of one individual. Significant differences in allele frequencies between clonal and nonclonal individuals in fir, but not spruce, suggest that there is a genetic component to clonal growth. Comparisons of sizes and ages among individuals with clonal growth and (or) sexual reproduction showed significant size and age differences, depending on mode of propagation, in spruce, and significant size differences in fir. In both species seed production was the predominant method of propagation and trees with seed production or seed production plus clonal growth were larger in size, but not necessarily older, than nonreproductive trees or those with clonal growth only. The fact that some trees had only clonal growth, some trees had only seed production, and some trees had both suggests that each type of propagation is advantageous under certain microenvironmental conditions. Results showing that it was impossible to determine visually if a given multitrunk cluster was composed of a single or multiple genets have implications for demographic and genetic studies in these and related conifer species.

Variation and genetics of ribonucleases and phosphodiesterases in conifer seeds

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mejnartowicz ◽  
F. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Isoenzyme Variation ◽  
Conifer Seeds ◽  
Starch Gel

Using techniques of starch gel electrophoresis, isoenzymes of ribonuclease 11 (RNase, EC 3.1.4.23) and phosphodiesterase I (PDase, EC 3.1.4.1) could be identified in endosperm tissue from dry seeds of three conifer species: Norway spruce (Picea abies). Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The RNase patterns mostly exhibited a relatively great number of isoenzyme bands as well as a considerable tree-to-tree variation, whereas the PDase system revealed only one enzyme zone in each of the three seed species. Furthermore, an isoenzyme variation within the PDase zones appeared to be very infrequent and could only be detected in Norway spruce and Douglas fir. However, the isoenzyme patterns of RNase as well as PDase showed significant differences between the conifer species. The genetic basis of the intraspecific isoenzyme variations could be easily analyzed, since the test material (seed endosperm) represented haploid tissues resulting from macrogametophytes after fertilization. Hence, it was possible to identify three polymorphic RNase gene loci in Douglas fir seeds, two in Scots pine seeds, and one in Norway spruce seeds. The PDase zone in each conifer species was controlled by one gene locus which revealed allelic forms only in Norway spruce and Douglas fir seeds.

Genetic structure and mating system of white spruce (Piceaglauca) in a seed production area

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. King ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik ◽  
Narinder K. Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Mating Model

Embryos and megagametophytes of open-pollinated seed of 37 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from a seed production area were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis to determine the genetic structure and mating system over 2 seed crop years. Analysis of four polymorphic enzyme loci (Gdh, Idh, Pgm, and Pgi-2) for spatial and temporal genetic structure and mating system indicated substantial deviations from the random mating model that is assumed when open-pollinated families are designated as half-sibs.

Snowfall interception on branches of three conifer species

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Schmidt ◽  
David R. Gluns
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Elastic Rebound ◽  
Snow Crystals ◽  
Sigmoidal Growth

Measuring the mass of snow on cut branch tips soon after snowfalls during two winters provided comparisons of catch by Engelmann spruce (Piceaengelmannii Parry), subalpine fir (Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.). Analysis of these and other reported measurements confirmed (i) snow bridging by cohesion, (ii) bouncing of snow crystals by elastic rebound, and (iii) branch bending as mechanisms that determine the sigmoidal growth curves characterizing snow interception relative to snowfall. The fraction of snowfall intercepted by the branches was largest when storm accumulations were 3–4 mm water equivalent, with low specific gravity (0.04–0.07). Percent catch in snowfalls with 10 mm water and low specific gravity was near 50% for Engelmann spruce and about 45% for subalpine fir and lodgepole pine, but values decreased to near 30% in 20-mm storms. Catch was inversely proportional to the density of snow accumulations in the specific gravity range 0.04–0.13. Average branch catch was only about 10% of a storm with 10 mm water equivalent at 0.13 specific gravity. Meteorological conditions were more important than branch growth form in determining snow interception amounts on the conifers tested. The results suggest, as a hypothesis, a computational function for the fraction of snowfall caught on conifer crowns.

GENETIC STUDIES OF ISOZYMES IN NEUROSPORA. I. A STUDY OF EIGHT SPECIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohan Reddy ◽  
S. F. H. Threlkeld
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Starch Gel

Mycelial extracts of 34 strains representing eight species of the genus Neurospora were subjected to acrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis to detect sites of esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, peroxidase, and acid phosphatase activity. Nine isozymes of esterases, four isozymes of lactate dehyrogenases, three isozymes of peroxidases, and two isozymes of acid phosphatases were detected on the gels for the species. The application of zymograms as a biochemical means to characterize species is discussed.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF ISOZYME VARIATIONS IN AMERICAN ELM AND SIBERIAN ELM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 646b-646
Author(s):  
Z. M. Cheng ◽  
N. O. Shi ◽  
C. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Starch Gel

Isozymes have been widely used as markers in cultivar identification, gene mapping and evolutionary studies. However, isozyme data have not been reported in elm species. This work was to develop an optimal system to analyze isozyme variations in American elm and Siberian elm. Two isolation methods were used to extract proteins from young leaf tissues and protein samples were separated by starch gel electrophoresis with three buffer systems. Eight isozymes have been detected in American elm (Ulmus americana) and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila). Six out of these isozymes (DIA, GOT, MED, ALP, MNR, ACP) showed difference between the two elm species. These results suggest that isozymes can be used as markers in genetic studies in elms.

scholarly journals Allozymic variation in Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Stamatis ◽  
Alexander Triantafyllidis ◽  
Katerina A. Moutou ◽  
Zissis Mamuris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nephrops Norvegicus ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Starch Gel

Abstract Allozyme starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic structure of Nephrops norvegicus populations in an extended sampling scheme. Nine populations from the North Sea and Aegean Sea were sampled and analysed using ten enzymatic systems corresponding to 15 putative loci. Values of heterozygosity were similar between Atlantic and Mediterranean population samples, ranging from 0.165 to 0.187. Genetic distance estimates, FST analyses and tests for genetic differentiation revealed a heterogeneous genetic structure within the sampling area of N. norvegicus. No evidence was found of past separation of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations, agreeing with the results of previous allozymic and mitochondrial genetic studies of N. norvegicus. Data are compared with genetic studies of other marine crustaceans and fish, and the implications for management of N. norvegicus stocks are discussed.

INHERITANCE OF LEAF PEROXIDASES IN OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Yen ◽  
K. Sadanaga
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Hexaploid Species ◽  
Starch Gel

Starch gel electrophoresis of leaves of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wild species as well as hexaploid cultivars and mutants of oats (Avena) disclosed several faint and three stable peroxidase bands, designated F, M, and S, in the anodal gel. The F band was observed only in the hexaploids, the M band in some diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species, and the S band in some diploid and tetraploid species. The inheritance was studied of banding patterns F+M, F, M, and Null observed in the cultivars. The hybrids had only the combined bands of both parents, as did the mixture of leaf juices. Genetic studies in the F1and F2populations of crosses among parents differing in the four banding patterns revealed that band F was controlled by a dominant gene and band M by one or two independent genes. A segregation ratio of 11F+M:4M:1F in the F2populations of a cross between F × M parents indicated that one of the genes controlling band M is allelic to and codominant with the gene controlling band F.

Bovine Platelet Proteins II. Purification of Platelet Fibrinogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O Solum ◽  
S Łopaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
High Resolution Power ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Platelet Proteins

Summary1. Platelet fibrinogen has been purified from washed bovine platelets. The procedure was based on the methods for purification of plasma fibrinogen by fractionated precipitations and extractions with ethanol and glycine below 0°, and precipitation of proteins by dimethylformamide at 0°.2. The platelet extract obtained by freezing and thawing of the cells, freed from insoluble material by centrifugation at 23,000 x g for 30 min, contained 0.22 ±0.003mg fibrinogen per 109 platelets. Total protein of this fraction was 0.77 ±0.08 mg per 109 platelets whereas that of the insoluble fraction was 0.79 ±0.09 mg per 109 platelets.3. The most purified platelet fibrinogen fraction contained 91-98% of the protein in a thrombin-clottable state. The yield was approx. 20%. It showed homogeneity in analytical ultracentrifugation, in immunoelectrophoresis using an antiserum produced by immunization of rabbits against platelet extract, and in starch gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous system of Tris HCl and borate buffers offering a high resolution power towards the platelet proteins. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis revealed two to three faint lines behind the main fibrinogen line. At least one such line was also observed with purified plasma fibrinogen.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

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