scholarly journals Testing novel cytokinins for improved in vitro adventitious shoots formation and subsequent ex vitro performance in Pinus radiata

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Montalban ◽  
N. De Diego ◽  
P. Moncalean
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Ex Vitro

Comparative in vitro and early nursery performance of adventitious shoots from cryopreserved cotyledons and axillary shoots from epicotyls of the same zygotic embryo of control-pollinated Pinus radiata

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy L Hargreaves ◽  
Lynette J Grace ◽  
Susan A van der Maas ◽  
Mike I Menzies ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Axillary Shoots

This is the first published report comparing production and performance of adventitious shoots from cryopreserved cotyledons, with axillary shoots formed from epicotyls of the same zygotic embryo of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). Genotypes from 10 control-pollinated families of P. radiata in two treatments were compared for shoot initiation, in vitro growth, rooting, and early nursery performance. Plant growth in nursery beds was assessed by measuring height after 2 and 7 months. After 8 months in nursery beds, the physiological ages of genotypes were assessed before field planting. Genotype capture was higher from the cryopreserved cotyledons than from the epicotyls. This technique has the advantage of preserving juvenile material while field testing is done. Early shoot multiplication in both treatments was good. After four transfer cycles, epicotyl cultures showed improved elongation and higher multiplication rates. After 6 months of in vitro growth, shoots from both treatments were given auxin pulses. Shoots of adventitious origin were slower to root than epicotyl-derived shoots. Overall rooting rates were satisfactory. Plants of adventitious origin were shorter when planted into nursery beds and when transferred to field trials. Assessment of relative physiological age indicated that all plants of adventitious origin showed some increase.

scholarly journals 883 PB 279 REGENERATING ADVENTITIOUS PLANTS FROM IN VITRO CULTURE OF LIATRIS SPICATA (L.) WILLD. COTYLEDONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 560d-560
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
John C. Mather
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

Cotyledons from developing embryos 6 to 8 weeks old of Liatris spicata (blazing star) were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.4, 4.4, and 44.4 μ M benzyladenine (BA) or 0, 0.2, 2.2, and 22.2 μ M thidiazuron (TDZ) to induce adventitious shoot formation. The highest percent of cotyledons forming shoots with highest shoot counts was on medium containing 2.2 μ M TDZ. Vitreous shoots formed on medium with 22.2 μ M TDZ. Callus derived from cotyledons and cultured on medium containing 4.44 μ M BA or 2.2 μ M TDZ formed adventitious shoots with highest shoot counts on 4.44 μ M BA. Adventitious shoots derived from cotyledons and callus were rooted on MS medium with 5.0 μ Mindole-3-butyric acid, acclimatized and grown ex vitro. All micropropagated plants appeared similar to each other.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration through Protocorm-like Bodies Induced from Nodal Explants of Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cui ◽  
Juanxu Liu ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Petiole Explants

Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’, one of the most popular ornamental foliage plants, is propagated almost exclusively through in vitro shoot culture. Ex vitro rooting, however, has been associated with severe Myrothecium leaf spot (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.). The objective of this study was to establish a method for regenerating well-rooted plantlets before ex vitro transplanting. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU), N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ), 6-benzyladenine (BA), or N-isopentenylaminopurine (2iP) with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively. Calli formed from leaf explants cultured on the basal medium supplemented with CPPU or TDZ with 2,4-D or with NAA as well as from petiole explants cultured on the medium supplemented with BA, CPPU, or TDZ with 2,4-D or NAA. The calli, however, failed to differentiate, and shoot organogenesis did not occur. Culture of nodal explants on the MS basal medium supplemented with 9.84 μm 2iP, 8.88 μm BA, 8.07 μm CPPU, or 9.08 μm TDZ with 2.26 μm 2,4-D resulted in the formation of protocorm-like bodies, adventitious shoots, and subsequently well-rooted plantlets. MS basal medium supplemented with 19.68 μm 2iP and 1.07 μm NAA resulted in the highest percentage (92.9%) of nodal explants producing protocorm-like bodies and an average of 16.9 well-rooted plantlets per nodal explant. Adventitious shoots were able to root in the initial induction medium, but better root development occurred after shoots with protocorm-like bodies were transferred onto MS basal medium supplemented with 9.84 μm 2iP and 2.69 μm NAA. Regenerated plantlets were stable and grew vigorously with 100% survival rates after ex vitro transplanting to a container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals Propagación in vitro de Psidium guajaba mediante organogénesis directa a partir de segmentos nodales

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Ocampo ◽  
Víctor Manuel Núñez
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Mass Multiplication ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

<p>Se indujeron múltiples brotes mediante organogénesis directa a partir de segmentos nodales de 10 genotipos diferentes de guayaba. Para ello se estableció un sistema de propagación clonal <em>in vitro </em>combinado con inducción rápida de brotes <em>ex vitro </em>para propagar árboles élite. La utilización de segmentos nodales permitió obtener en poco tiempo brotes adventicios adecuados para multiplicación masiva. La respuesta <em>in vitro </em>de los genotipos fue evaluada usando los medios de cultivo MS (Murashige y Skoog, 1962), Mc (Mascarenhas) y WPM (<em>Woody Plant Medium</em>) suplementados con 0,1 mg•L-1 de ácido indolácetico (AIA) y 0,25 mg•L<sup>-1</sup> de bencilaminopurina (BAP). El procedimiento de desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio previno eficientemente la contaminación de los explantes después de la inoculación en el medio de cultivo. El mayor porcentaje en la inducción de brotes se logró con 0,25 mg•L<sup>-1</sup> de BAP. Los segmentos nodales presentaron de 1 a 2 brotes adventicios por explante después de 15 días de inoculados y de 3 a 7 brotes a los 30 días después del inicio del cultivo. Una vez individualizados los brotes se usaron en una nueva fase de multiplicación masiva en la que se probaron cuatro sustratos diferentes durante el enraizamiento y el endurecimiento. Esta metodología permitió la propagación <em>in vitro </em>de guayaba cuatro semanas después del inicio del cultivo. Los mejores resultados se lograron con el medio WPM que permitió obtener las primeras plántulas enraizadas dos semanas después de la transferencia al sustrato de enraizamiento.</p><p> </p><p><strong>In vitro propagation of Psidium guajaba using direct organogenesis from nodal segments</strong></p><p>Multiple shoots were induced using direct organogenesis from nodal segments of 10 different genotypes of guayaba. For this an in vitro clonal propagation system combined with rapid ex vitro induction of shoots was established in order to propagate elite trees. The use of nodal segments resulted in adventitious shoots adequate for mass multiplication in less time. The in vitro response of the genotypes was evaluated using the culture media MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), Mc (Mascarenhas) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 0.1 mg·L-1 of indole acetic acid (IAA) and 0.25 mg·L-1 of benzoaminopurine (BAP). The procedure for sterilizing with sodium hypochlorite effectively prevented the contamination of the explants after the inoculation of the culture medium. The greatest percentage of shoot induction was achieved with 0.25 mg·L-1 of BAP. The nodal segments showed between 1-2 adventitious shoots per explant 15 days post-inoculation and 3-7 shoots 30 days post-inoculation. Once individualized, the shoots were used in a new mass multiplication phase in which four different substrates were tested during rooting and hardening. This methodology permitted the in vitro propagation of guayaba four weeks post-inoculation. The best results were achieved with the WPM medium that resulted in the first rooted plantlets two weeks after the transfer to the rooting substrate.</p>

scholarly journals Regeneration of Blueberry Cultivars through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Qiu ◽  
Xiangying Wei ◽  
Shufang Fan ◽  
Dawei Jian ◽  
Jianjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Cultivar Improvement

Leaf explants derived from in vitro–grown shoots of blueberry cultivars Bluejay, Pink Lemonade, Sunshine Blue, and Top Hat were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 9.12 μm 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine or zeatin (ZT) in combination with 1.23, 2.46, or 4.92 μm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Calluses were induced from the explants and adventitious shoots were regenerated. ‘Sunshine Blue’ and ‘Top Hat’ produced more than four shoots per explant but shoot numbers were less than one for each ‘Pink Lemonade’ explant and about 0.2 per ‘Bluejay’ explant. The results indicate that there is significant difference among cultivars in indirect shoot organogenesis. The differences may be related to their diverse genetic background as they are polyploid hybrids. Microcuttings derived from adventitious shoots of ‘Sunshine Blue’ rooted in vitro in WPM medium supplemented with 9.84 μm IBA and also rooted ex vitro in a peat-based substrate after cuttings were dipped or not dipped in IBA solutions. Direct rooting of microcuttings in the peat-based substrate was effective, suggesting that in vitro rooting may not be necessarily needed. Survival rate of ex vitro–rooted plants in a shaded greenhouse was high, more than 90%. The established shoot regeneration protocols could be used for rapid propagation of ‘Sunshine Blue’ and ‘Top Hat’ and for cultivar improvement through genetic transformation.

Origin of adventitious shoots in excised radiata pine cotyledons cultured in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Villalobos ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Shoot Initiation

Previous studies on shoot initiation in cultured excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata indicated that the process began early in culture on the side of the cotyledon in contact with the cytokinin-containing medium. In contrast to cotyledons cultured without cytokinin, organized structures, which have been termed promeristemoids, can be observed in cotyledons cultured with cytokinin after 5 days in culture. These structures arise from single cells in the first subepidermal cell layer at day 3. They are stable and their continued division leads to the formation of meristemoids, shoot primordia, and finally shoots with primary needles.

scholarly journals Rapid Multiplication of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. Ex. Kurz through Tissue Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K Pant ◽  
Sanu D Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina

Rauvofia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) is a highly important medicinal plant growing in the terai belts of Nepal. This plant is facing a high threat from various kinds of poachers in the wild due to improper ways of collection as well as almost no conservation strategy. In the present study, we have identified the way for rapid in vitro multiplication of this species using tissue culture technique as an effective tool for ex situ conservation. In this study, MS medium along with BAP and NAA alone or in combinations at different concentrations have given successful results in producing callus, multiple adventitious shoots both from callus and nodes and multiple roots from both callus as well as nodes. The in vitro as well as ex vitro rooting of the micro shoots have been achieved. The rooted seedlings have been successfully acclimatized. The best media for shoot multiplication from the node and callus cultures have been identified as MS + NAA 0.5 + BAP 0.5 ppm and MS + BAP 2.0 ppm, respectively. For rooting in and ex vitro, NAA has been found to be the best among auxins. For callus induction all the auxins specially NAA 1.0 ppm and 2,4-D 2.0 ppm have been found to be the best.  Keywords: Micropropagation; Rauvolfia serpentina; In vitro rooting; Pulse treatment and acclimatization.   DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2635 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 58-62

Patrones de crecimiento de Cinchona officinalis in vitro y ex vitro; respuestas de plántulas micropropagadas y de semillas.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Carlos Iván Espinosa ◽  
Gabriel Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vitro

El uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como la micropropagación se constituye en una alternativa de reproducción de especies amenazadas y con tamaños poblacionales reducidos. Sin embargo, uno de los problemas críticos en el uso de la micropropagación como herramienta de reproducción es la calidad de las plántulas resultantes en cuanto a su crecimiento y vigor. En el presente trabajo se evalua los efectos de la micropropagación sobre los patrones de crecimiento y sobrevivencia de plán­tulas in vitro de Cinchona officinalis L., una especie que ha sido fuertemente impactada por procesos de tala dentro de bosques naturales durante la época de la colonia. Se realizó un monitoreo de un total de 120 plántulas in vitro y 1988 plántulas ex vitro por 8 meses a partir del último repique. Adi­cionalmente, en cada plántula se contabilizó la cantidad de brotes axilares. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un efecto remanente de los procesos de micropropagación, los cuales inicialmente inciden en la cantidad de brotes de las plántulas y en el crecimiento; sin embargo, este efecto no influye de forma negativa en la sobrevivencia de las plántulas durante la fase ex vitro

Long-term in vitro Storage Technique of Valuable Birch Genotypes and Plant Production on its Basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
T.M. Tabatskaya ◽  
N.I. Vnukova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Production ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Storage ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions

A technique for the long-term (up to 27 years) in vitro storage of valuable birch genotypes under normal (25 °C, 2.0 klx, 16-h day and 8-h night) and low temperature (4 °C, 0.5 klx, 6-h day and 18-h night) growing conditions on hormone-free media has been described. The study explored for the first time the influence of different strategies to store the clones of Betula pubescens and B. pendula var. сarelica (6 genotypes) on the regenerative capacity of collection samples, adaptive potential of regenerated plants and plant production by the in vitro and ex vitro techniques. It was established that both storage strategies provided a persistently high survival rate (82-100%) and regenerative capacity of in vitro shoots (the multiplication coefficient of 4.2-6.3 and rhizogenic activity of 90-100%). The clones retained their characteristics of height growth under the in vitro and ex vitro conditions, and demonstrated intraclonal homogeneity and lack of signs of somaclonal variability. The plants showed substantial interspecific differences at the stage of multiplication and transfer to the greenhouse. The highest percentage of acclimated plants (75-98% depending on the clone genotype) was obtained after planting of micro plants straight in the greenhouse, which simplified the technology and made plant production less costly. long-term in vitro storage, birch, species, genotype, micropropagation, ex vitro adaptation, plant material

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