Hydathodes in Physocarpus (Rosaceae: Spiraeoideae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nels R. Lersten ◽  
John D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Marginal Tooth ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
Scanning Electron

This is the first anatomical study of hydathodes from subfamily Spiraeoideae. Fresh leaves of Physocarpus opulifolius were cleared, or processed for paraffin and plastic sections and scanning electron microscopy. Each marginal tooth apex bears an achlorophyllous hydathode, which is visible adaxially as a smooth epidermal pad studded with 15–25 small, sunken "water pores" usually covered by an unbroken cuticle. Ordinary stomata are larger, raised, and abaxial. Internally, an epithem of small, loosely arranged cells extends from the adaxial epidermis to the laterally broadened, single vein ending. Bundle and epithem are bounded by the bundle sheath, which extends to the epidermis at the periphery of the pad. Guttation neither was seen naturally nor could it be induced. Cleared leaves of herbarium specimens of the six Physocarpus species showed all degrees of hydathode reduction to complete absence.

Scanning Electron Microscope Aided Wood Identification of a Bronze Age Wooden Diptych

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pendleton ◽  
Peter Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Historical References ◽  
Scanning Electron

A broken wooden diptych was found in 1986 on the 14th century B.C. Ulu Burun, Turkey, shipwreck, with only minute fragments available for anatomical study using scanning electron microscopy. Previously, the earliest known diptychs, considered the oldest books in existence, had been found at Assyrian Nimrud and were constructed of walnut. Using observed features from the wood fragments a computerised wood identification program generated Buxus as a probable candidate. Boxwood (Buxus) is frequently mentioned in historical references, including Assyrian texts, as a wood used for small, durable objects. Comparison of the diptych wood features with those of Buxus sempervirens convinces us that the diptych was constructed from boxwood (Buxus sp.).

scholarly journals Contribución al estudio morfológico y anatómico en miculas de Mentha L. y Preslia Opiz (Latniacecte) de lo Península Ibérica.

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Ángeles Martín Mosquero ◽  
Julio Pastor ◽  
Rocío Juan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Península Ibérica ◽  
Scanning Electron

RESUMEN. Contribución al estudio morfológico y anatómico en miculas de Mentha L. y Preslia Opiz (Latniacecte) de lo Península Ibérica. Se estudia la micromorfología y anatomía de núculas de tres especies de Mentha (M. aquatica L, M. suaveolens Ehrh., M. pulegium L.) y de Preslia cervina (L.) Fresen, tanto al microscopio óptico (M.O.) como al microscopio electrónico de barrido (M.E.B.). Desde un punto de vista morfológico, la diferencia principal entre ambos géneros ha sido la ornamentación de las núculas, siendo más o menos reticulada en Mentha y rugosa en Preslia. Anatómicamente, hay que destacar cl grosor del pericarpo, que es bastante menor en Preslia. No obstante, el conjunto de caracteres estudiados pone de manifiesto la afinidad de estos géneros. Por último, se comenta brevemente los sistemas de dispersión más frecuentes en estos géneros.Palabras clave. Núcula, morfología, anatomía, mucílago, Mentha, Preslia, Lamiaceae, Península Ibérica.ABSTRACT. Contribution to morphological and anatomical studies on nut/es of Mentha L. and Preslia Opiz (Lamiaceae) from the Iberia'? Peninsula. A morphological and anatomical study on nutlets of three species of Mentha (M. aquatica L, M. suaveolens Ehrh., M. pulegium L.) and Preslia cervina (L.) Fresen, was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. From a morphological point of view the main difference between both genera has been the nutlets' ornamentation, being more or less reticulate in Mentha and rugose in Preslia. Anatomically, the pericarp thickness stands out, which is fairly thinner in Preslia. However, whole characters studied point out the relationship of these genera. Lastly, the usual dispersal systems between these genera are discussed briefly.Key words. Nutlet, morphology, anatomy, mucilage, Mentha, Preslia, Lamiaceae, Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Tool to Observe the Effects of Simulated Conservation Treatment on Herbarium Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26093
Author(s):  
Magdalena Grenda-Kurmanow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper presents the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations conducted for the project "Heritage preservation and ethnobotany. Analysis of the influence of conservation treatment on genetic material comprised in historic herbaria“ (project no. 2014/13/N/HS2/03118) funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. The main aim of the project is to establish if treatment methods used by herbarium conservators and mounters in different countries are harmful for the DNA material comprised in herbarium specimens. In order to analyse this problem the author conducted an international survey among specialists with documented experience in herbarium treatment. The next step was the evaluation of the results and the choice of materials. The chosen materials were then applied to samples of herbarium specimens, artificially aged in the climatic chamber, and subjected to DNA analysis. The results of the survey illustrated the variety of the materials used to treat and mount specimens. Some of them, such as methyl cellulose, were used in different concentrations and different degrees of polymerization. The project limitations determined the selection of materials for further testing, particularly when it comes to the concentration of a particular adhesive/consolidant. At the same time the main assumption was to identify versions of the material that can effectively penetrate the specimen in order to intensify the potential influence on its DNA. Dessicated plant specimens are not a common material in conservation research because their structure is highly heterogenic, fragile and brittle. Moreover, the materials used for mounting and conservation treatment are most often adapted from bookbinding and paper conservation disciplines. They are not always suitable for the treatment of botanic material and may cause damage. When observations of stratigraphic samples under a traditional microscope proved unsatisfactory, the potential of SEM imaging was examined. SEM turned out to be a very useful tool to observe the effects of simulated conservation treatments conducted on herbarium specimen samples, but only when samples were coated with gold. The conclusions from these observations informed decisions about what versions of the conservation and mounting materials should be used for further testing. Additionally, some samples were observed after artificial aging in aclimatic chamber. It enabled us to observe the degradation of the layers of materials applied onto the specimens. The analysis focussed on the leaves of two species, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) and Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).

scholarly journals The biology of flowering and structure of selected elements of Cornus alba L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Cornus Alba ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Scanning Electron

The biology of flowering and the micromorphology of <i>Cornus alba</i> flowers were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowering of white dogwood in 2008 lasted 35 days, and the lifespan of a single flower was 3 days. The number of flowers per inflorescence was variable (on the average, it was 89). The largest group of insects visiting the flowers of <i>C. alba</i> comprised Hymenoptera (mainly bees and andrenids), then ants, dipterans and beetles. They foraged the dogwood flowers most intensively between 11.00 and 15.00. The inconspicuous four-petalled flowers of <i>C. alba</i> were characterised by the occurrence of T-shaped, two-armed non-glandular trichomes covering the receptacle as well as observed on the petals of the corolla, the style of the pistil and the anthers in a smaller number. The trichomes were covered by a thick cuticle with characteristic outgrowths. They contained a living protoplast, and plastids were observed in the cytoplasm of the trichome cells. In addition, anomocytic stomata were found in the epidermis of the receptacle and in the epidermis of the corolla petals. The stigma of the pistil and the adaxial epidermis of the petals were composed of very numerous conical papillae.

Leaves and epiphyllous shoots in Chisocheton (Meliaceae): a continuum of woody leaf and stem axes

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2316-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack B. Fisher ◽  
Rolf Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Epiphyllous Buds

The pinnately compound leaves of Chisocheton tenuis, a small tree from Papua New Guinea, exhibit indeterminate growth and periodically produce new pinnae from a leaf tip bud. Inflorescences and vegetative shoots arise from epiphyllous buds on the adaxial surface of the rachis between the pinna pairs. Axillary buds occur on the stem but are always vegetative. The structure and ontogeny of leaves, axillary buds, and epiphyllous buds are documented with sections and scanning electron microscopy. Although epiphyllous inflorescences are described from herbarium specimens of C. tenuis, only vegetative shoots were collected as epiphyllous outgrowths. These epiphyllous shoots formed woody stem and rachis axes similar to the stem and rachis on the original shoot. Epiphyllous buds first appear on a leaf primordium without evidence of an ontogenetic displacement from an earlier axillary site. Later, epiphyllous buds and pinnae arise in an acropetal order close to the meristem at the tip of the leaf. Epiphyllous inflorescences in Chisocheton pohlianus are described from herbarium material. Leaf and bud structure and ontogeny in a related species, Chisocheton montanus, which lacks epiphyllous buds and has axillary inflorescences, are similar to C. tenuis except that no meristems occur on the rachis. Possible morphological interpretations for these examples of unusual organography are presented. Epiphyllous buds and leaf tip meristems are examples of heterotopy. Key words: buds, epiphylly, Chisocheton, heterotopy, homology, leaves, Meliaceae, meristems.

Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) – tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Krogmann ◽  
Lars Vilhelmsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Bradley ◽  
R. S. Berk ◽  
L. D. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Lens ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

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