Leaves and epiphyllous shoots in Chisocheton (Meliaceae): a continuum of woody leaf and stem axes

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2316-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack B. Fisher ◽  
Rolf Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Epiphyllous Buds

The pinnately compound leaves of Chisocheton tenuis, a small tree from Papua New Guinea, exhibit indeterminate growth and periodically produce new pinnae from a leaf tip bud. Inflorescences and vegetative shoots arise from epiphyllous buds on the adaxial surface of the rachis between the pinna pairs. Axillary buds occur on the stem but are always vegetative. The structure and ontogeny of leaves, axillary buds, and epiphyllous buds are documented with sections and scanning electron microscopy. Although epiphyllous inflorescences are described from herbarium specimens of C. tenuis, only vegetative shoots were collected as epiphyllous outgrowths. These epiphyllous shoots formed woody stem and rachis axes similar to the stem and rachis on the original shoot. Epiphyllous buds first appear on a leaf primordium without evidence of an ontogenetic displacement from an earlier axillary site. Later, epiphyllous buds and pinnae arise in an acropetal order close to the meristem at the tip of the leaf. Epiphyllous inflorescences in Chisocheton pohlianus are described from herbarium material. Leaf and bud structure and ontogeny in a related species, Chisocheton montanus, which lacks epiphyllous buds and has axillary inflorescences, are similar to C. tenuis except that no meristems occur on the rachis. Possible morphological interpretations for these examples of unusual organography are presented. Epiphyllous buds and leaf tip meristems are examples of heterotopy. Key words: buds, epiphylly, Chisocheton, heterotopy, homology, leaves, Meliaceae, meristems.

Comparison of two new species of astogloia Bacillariophyceae) with other small members of section Ellipticae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIARA PENNESI ◽  
MICHEL POULIN ◽  
FRIEDEL HINZ ◽  
TIZIANA ROMAGNOLI ◽  
MARIO DE STEFANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, seven Mastogloia species belonging of the section Ellipticae are morphologically described through scanning electron microscopy, including two new taxa M. matthaei and M. stellae. They were collected as epiphytes on seagrasses from several tropical (Indonesia), subtropical (Egypt, Greece, Republic of Malta, Turkey) and temperate (Slovenia, Italy) regions of the world. All these species show typical characters of the Hustedt’s section Ellipticae: elliptical valve outline, a flat valve surface and rounded apices. Moreover, this study provides novel information on the frustule ultrastructure and gives update of their current geographical distribution. Some nomenclatural inconsistencies have been resolved with the typification of M. ovulum and the related species, M. emarginata, from the original Miang Besar material in the Hustedt collection.

Nomenclatural changes in Anastatus Motschulsky and the description of Anastatus eurycanthae Gibson n. sp. (Eupelmidae: Eupelminae), an egg parasitoid of Eurycantha calcarata Lucas (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) from Papua New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3419 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY A. P. GIBSON ◽  
CHARLES DEWHURST ◽  
SIMON MAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Scanning Electron

Anastatus eurycanthae Gibson n. sp. (Eupelmidae: Eupelminae) is newly described as an egg parasitoid of Eurycanthacalcarata Lucas (Phasmida: Phasmatidae), an important pest of oil palm in Papua New Guinea. Both sexes are describedand illustrated by macrophotography and scanning electron microscopy. Basic biological data are provided on the parasi-toid. Six species are transferred from A. (Anastatus) Motschulsky to other genera, namely Eupelmus tennysoni Girault(1921) revived comb., Eupelmus (Eupelmus) darwini (Girault 1915) n. comb., Reikosiella (Hirticauda) pasteuri (Girault1915) n. comb., R. (Hirticauda) tricolor (Girault 1915) n. comb., Tineobius (Tineobius) adamsi (Yoshimoto & Ishii 1965) n. comb., and T. (Tineobius) crassipes (Yoshimoto & Ishii 1965) n. comb.

Lactuca anatolica (Asteraceae: Lactucinae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 455 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
LÜTFİ BEHÇET ◽  
YAKUP YAPAR
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lactuca anatolica is described as a new species from the province of Bingöl, and is known from only one locality. Its diagnostic characters are discussed, and taxonomic comments are presented. Lactuca anatolica is similar to L. leucoclada, L. orientalis subsp. nuristanica and L. orientalis subsp. orientalis but differs from these species in achenes, indumentum and leaves. Its achenes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data on ecology and IUCN conservation status of the new species are also presented. A distribution map of the new and related species is provided.

Early stages of initiation of two types of leaves in Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lacroix ◽  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Bernard Jeune
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Scanning Electron

The developmental morphology of shoots of Thuja occidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy to determine the pattern of initiation of two types of leaves characteristic of higher (third and above) order branches. The shoots of eastern white cedar are bilateral in symmetry and bear leaves in an orthogonal decussate phyllotactic pattern. The shoot system is further characterized by the presence of two alternating and morphologically different pairs of leaves that constitute the basic repeating pattern of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). At maturity the dimorphism between leaf types is marked. Leaves in one plane are wide and flat in comparison with narrower and cup-shaped leaves growing in a plane perpendicular to the other leaf type. The early stages of development of each of the two types of leaves were compared using scanning electron microscopy. During the earliest visible stages of initiation (primordial crest), cup-shaped and flat leaves are very similar in morphology. As individual leaf primordia become more easily delimited as structures by the presence of a furrow between the SAM and the leaf, they differ in terms of width. As they develop further and begin to cover the SAM, the two leaf types are distinguishable morphologically (flat vs. cup shaped). Quantitative parameters such as diameter of the SAM, angle of insertion of individual leaves, and size of leaf primordia (in both a tangential and perpendicular plane) were measured on three categories of leaves: stage 1, earliest visible stage of initiation; stage 2, delineation of leaf primordium from SAM by furrowing; stage 3, leaf primordium partially covering SAM. These measurements corroborate our morphological observations, which show that during early stages of development, flat and cup-shaped leaves are morphologically similar and they diverge in their pattern of development postinitiation, especially as far as leaf width and thickness are concerned. Our results also suggest that the size and shape of the apex goes through a "repeating" cycle and is related to the type of primordium that will be initiated.Key words: Thuja occidentalis, eastern white cedar, leaf development, shoot apical meristem, phyllotaxy, leaf dimorphism.

Proboscis ornamentation as a diagnostic character for the Anoplodactylus californicus-digitatus complex (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) with an example from the Anoplodactylus eroticus female

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1311 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA P. ARANGO ◽  
AMY MAXMEN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pacific Species ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Identification Tool

Females of the Indo-Pacific species Anoplodactylus eroticus (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Phoxichilidiidae) are described for the first time. The presence of peculiar ventral outgrowths or protuberances on the female proboscis of A. eroticus and 13 other Anoplodactylus species motivates an evaluation of a californicus-digitatus complex, based on external morphology and species distribution. The anatomy and development of proboscis protuberances is assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Nomarski optics, and flourescence microscopy. External morphology of A. eroticus is compared to that of apparently related species. An identification key for the 14 species of Anoplodactylus with females bearing a proboscis with ventral protuberances is provided here as an identification tool.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Tool to Observe the Effects of Simulated Conservation Treatment on Herbarium Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26093
Author(s):  
Magdalena Grenda-Kurmanow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper presents the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations conducted for the project "Heritage preservation and ethnobotany. Analysis of the influence of conservation treatment on genetic material comprised in historic herbaria“ (project no. 2014/13/N/HS2/03118) funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. The main aim of the project is to establish if treatment methods used by herbarium conservators and mounters in different countries are harmful for the DNA material comprised in herbarium specimens. In order to analyse this problem the author conducted an international survey among specialists with documented experience in herbarium treatment. The next step was the evaluation of the results and the choice of materials. The chosen materials were then applied to samples of herbarium specimens, artificially aged in the climatic chamber, and subjected to DNA analysis. The results of the survey illustrated the variety of the materials used to treat and mount specimens. Some of them, such as methyl cellulose, were used in different concentrations and different degrees of polymerization. The project limitations determined the selection of materials for further testing, particularly when it comes to the concentration of a particular adhesive/consolidant. At the same time the main assumption was to identify versions of the material that can effectively penetrate the specimen in order to intensify the potential influence on its DNA. Dessicated plant specimens are not a common material in conservation research because their structure is highly heterogenic, fragile and brittle. Moreover, the materials used for mounting and conservation treatment are most often adapted from bookbinding and paper conservation disciplines. They are not always suitable for the treatment of botanic material and may cause damage. When observations of stratigraphic samples under a traditional microscope proved unsatisfactory, the potential of SEM imaging was examined. SEM turned out to be a very useful tool to observe the effects of simulated conservation treatments conducted on herbarium specimen samples, but only when samples were coated with gold. The conclusions from these observations informed decisions about what versions of the conservation and mounting materials should be used for further testing. Additionally, some samples were observed after artificial aging in aclimatic chamber. It enabled us to observe the degradation of the layers of materials applied onto the specimens. The analysis focussed on the leaves of two species, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) and Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).

scholarly journals The type material of the Miocene to Recent species <i>Globigerinoides sacculifer</i> (Brady) revisited

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Williams ◽  
Daniela N. Schmidt ◽  
Ian P. Wilkinson ◽  
C. Giles Miller ◽  
Paul D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. The detailed test morphology of the type suite of specimens for the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) is illustrated for the first time since the species was identified in 1877. Fossil representatives of this species are a key index for oceanographic reconstruction of the Neogene and Quaternary tropics. The types of G. sacculifer, sourced from a loose ‘chalk’ block on a beach in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, all bear a sac-like terminal chamber and are heavily calcified. They have undergone gametogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy identifies calcite fabrics of the test that were formed post-ontogenetically.

Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. a widely distributed diatom species (Bacillariophyta) and type analysis of Planothidium biporomum

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS E. WETZEL ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER ◽  
LUCIEN HOFFMANN ◽  
LUC ECTOR
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Scanning Electron

Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. is described from freshwater samples from Europe and South America. It is compared with the type material of Achnanthes biporoma (=Planothidium biporomum), described from North America, to differentiate it from the new, related species. Species morphologies were compared using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Planothidium incuriatum can be differentiated from P. biporomum by its valve outline with more rostrate apices (instead of capitate) and by the areolation pattern of the striae in the raphe less valve (higher number of rows of areolae per stria). Distribution of P. incuriatum was determined from worldwide iconographic literature records where it was often identified as Planothidium biporomum among other names here detailed. While P. incuriatum appears to be widely distributed around the world, P. biporomum is, according to verified records, far more restricted.

Analysis of type material of Opephora pacifica and emendation of the genus Opephora (Bacillariophyta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Morales ◽  
Carlos E. Wetzel ◽  
Luc Ector ◽  
Bart Van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The genus Opephora currently contains 37 species and 27 infraspecific taxa. However, the existing literature reveals a wide morphological diversity and the need to establish defining characters to circumscribe the genus as a cohesive and, perhaps, monophyletic group. The type material of Opephora pacifica, the generitype, is analysed. We emend the description of both the species and the genus, the latter also based on published light and scanning electron microscopy observations of closely related species. After review of the available literature, we determined that currently only two species can be ascribed with certainty to the genus Opephora: O. pacifica and O. marina. Based on available literature, it is highly likely that O. fragilarioides also belongs to this genus. We present a table with all known species and infraspecific taxa and make comments regarding their recent transfer to other genera, their current accepted nomenclature, and the genus to which they should probably be ascribed pending the collection of further information.

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