scholarly journals The biology of flowering and structure of selected elements of Cornus alba L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Cornus Alba ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Scanning Electron

The biology of flowering and the micromorphology of <i>Cornus alba</i> flowers were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowering of white dogwood in 2008 lasted 35 days, and the lifespan of a single flower was 3 days. The number of flowers per inflorescence was variable (on the average, it was 89). The largest group of insects visiting the flowers of <i>C. alba</i> comprised Hymenoptera (mainly bees and andrenids), then ants, dipterans and beetles. They foraged the dogwood flowers most intensively between 11.00 and 15.00. The inconspicuous four-petalled flowers of <i>C. alba</i> were characterised by the occurrence of T-shaped, two-armed non-glandular trichomes covering the receptacle as well as observed on the petals of the corolla, the style of the pistil and the anthers in a smaller number. The trichomes were covered by a thick cuticle with characteristic outgrowths. They contained a living protoplast, and plastids were observed in the cytoplasm of the trichome cells. In addition, anomocytic stomata were found in the epidermis of the receptacle and in the epidermis of the corolla petals. The stigma of the pistil and the adaxial epidermis of the petals were composed of very numerous conical papillae.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometric Analysis Reveals for the First Time Weddellite and Sylvite Crystals on the Surface of Involucral Bracts and Petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Suzana Erić ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Alfonso Susanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tetragonal Bipyramid ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, weddellite and sylvite crystals are identified for the first time on the involucral bracts and petals of Xeranthemum annuum and Xeranthemum cylindraceum using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometric (SEM-EDS) analysis. Well-developed crystals of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O) occur in the form of a tetragonal bipyramid (hhl), rarely in combination of a bipyramid and tetragonal prism (h00). Indumentum of involucral bracts of X. cylindraceum consists of nonglandular and glandular trichomes. Sylvite (KCl) crystals are observed only on the petal surface of X. cylindraceum. The crystals of sylvite occur in the form of perfect cubes (hexahedrons), but some crystals are deformed, i.e., partially elongated. Taxonomic significance of investigated microcharacters as well as the use of SEM-EDS analysis in taxonomic studies of plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Petal and Sepal Epidermal Micromorphology of Six Lathyrus Taxa (Fabaceae) and their Systematic Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin CILDIR ◽  
Ahmet KAHRAMAN ◽  
Musa DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the epidermal types and their distribution on dorsal and lateral petals, the trichome types and their density on sepals of Lathyrus chloranthus, L. digitatus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus, belonging to sections Lathyrus, Lathyrostylis, Pratensis, and Orobon of the genus Lathyrus in Turkey were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the systematic significance of these characters was evaluated. These taxa, except L. sativus, are studied for the first time under aspects of the petal and sepal micromorphology. Three major epidermal types were recognized on the petal: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells with more or less striations (AS), and papillose conical striate cells (PCS). TRS and AS were further subdivided into three subtypes. TRS was found on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. chloranthus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus: the dorsal petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus and the lateral petals of L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, while AS was present on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. digitatus and the lateral petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus. PCS was found only on the dorsal petals of L. digitatus. Three main types of trichomes on the sepal were observed: peltate glandular, capitate glandular, and nonglandular trichomes. The capitate glandular and nonglandular trichomes were further subdivided into three subtypes. The peltate glandular trichomes were present only in L. chloranthus, but absent in the others. The capitate glandular trichomes were found in L. chloranthus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, and L. tuberosus. The nonglandular trichomes were always present in L. chloranthus and L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus. The present results show that the petal and sepal micromorphology can be used in delimitation of the taxa based on petal and sepal micromorphology.

The development of the glandular trichomes of Adenocaulon bicolor

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earic E. Karrfalt ◽  
Gerald L. Kreitner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Trichome Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

The development of the stalked, capitate, glandular trichomes found on the inflorescence axes of Adenocaulon bicolor was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are not initiated until the stems have essentially ceased to grow in diameter. In early development the trichomes are biseriate, but later become several cells wide partly as the result of contributions from other epidermal cells rather than exclusively from longitudinal divisions in the developing trichome. Cell divisions occur throughout the trichome primordia and are not restricted to an acropetal or basipetal sequence. The mature trichomes are relatively large, 200–250 μm high, but are entirely of epidermal origin.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of three Symphytum (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin ◽  
Hilal Baki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Symphytum asperum Lepechin, S. ibericum Steven and S. sylvaticum Boiss. were examined morphologically, micromorphologically and anatomically. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine leaf surface and trichomes of these species. These species had bifacial and hypostomatous leaf types. Epidermal cells of leaves were usually polygonal or irregular in form. The pattern of anticlinical cells may vary in different species and between the upper and lower epidermis of the same species. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic in three species. Stomata index is 27.5 for S. sylvaticum, 24.65 for S. ibericum and 21.86 for S. asperum glandular trichomes are capitate in forms and more dense on the lower epidermis than upper epidermis. Eglandular trichomes are simple, short or long, unicellular or multicellular and thin or thick. Key words: Micromorphology, Anatomy, Symphytum DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1496 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 93-103, 2007 (December)   

Étude biomathématique du nombre de glandes peltées des feuilles de Mentha ×piperita

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Colson ◽  
R. Pupier ◽  
A. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Blade Surface ◽  
Precise Description ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The enumeration of peltate glands on Mentha ×piperata leaves was carried out with respect to the date of leaf initiation and the state of its development. For this purpose, observations were made using scanning electron microscopy associated with a mathematical method based on a precise description of gland dispersal on the leaf blade surface. The number of glands can thus be estimated by using only a few photographs of the foliar region located at 2/5 of the leaf length, measuring from the base. The analyses demonstrate a consistency in the number of peltate glands for a given foliar verticil, when the leaf height is equal to or greater than 10 mm. Furthermore, these analyses indicate that the number of peltate glands vary as a function of the level of the foliar verticil. This number increases progressively in verticils 1 to 10, stabilizes, and then decreases in the last verticils produced. This reduction may originate in the meristematic activity that is gradually oriented towards efflorescence. Key words: Mentha, glandular trichomes, enumeration, spatial distribution, leaves, scanning electron microscopy. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Morphological differentiation and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Marta Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure, micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on <i>Dracocephalum moldavicum</i> L. shots were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were distinguished 3 types of non-glandular trichomes, 3 types of glandular trichomes and papillae of the osmophore in the epidermis of the corolla. The highest density of non-glandular and glandular trichomes was found on the abaxial surface of the calyx, on bracts and in the upper part of the stem. Structural variations in the head and stalk of long glandular trichomes were demonstrated. The dimensions of particular types of trichomes are given in the present paper. Differences in the structure of the trichomes of this species are presented, compared to literature data. The micromorphology of particular trichome types is documented in numerous photographs showing the rich ornamentation of the cuticle of non-glandular trichomes.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Prickled and Prickle-free Rubus Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Scanning Electron

Caneberry crops (raspberry and blackberry) are globally commercialized specialty crops with a high fresh market value. Field management of canes and harvesting of fruits can be complicated by the presence of prickles (the botanically accurate term rather than spines or thorns) on the stems, petioles, and underside of the leaves. Both field management and fruit harvesting could be simplified by the development of cultivars with prickle-free canes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze and compare prickle development in different Rubus species. Comparisons were made between prickled vs. prickle-free red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), blackberry (Rubus hybrid), complex hybrid with purple fruit (R. occidentalis × R. idaeus), and the hairy and prickled wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim). Samples from stems and leaves with petioles attached were used for imaging. There were distinct differences between prickled vs. prickle-free phenotypes in each species. The images of prickle development suggest that prickles either develop directly from glandular trichomes (in red raspberry and wineberry) or that the signal originates from glandular trichomes (in blackberry). Black raspberry prickle development was similar to that of blackberry, suggesting that prickles developed after a developmental signal from glandular trichomes rather than as a direct development from glandular trichomes. The prickle development in the purple hybrid was unique in the presence of one-sided lumps in the trichomes, which has not been seen in any other Rubus species to date; however, both prickled and prickle-free plants exhibited simple nonglandular trichomes. Unlike previous studies, an increase in the number of simple trichomes was not specific to prickle-free plants, but rather variability among the different genotypes was observed. This study adds to the basic understanding of prickle development in the genus Rubus as a first step in the development of prickle-free versions of important cultivars through gene-editing procedures for improving the ease of field management and harvesting.

scholarly journals Systematic significance of micromorphological and palynological characteristics in Lagochilus Bunge ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Azimishad ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Maryam Keshavarzi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Zahra Noormohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lagochilus is a genus with ten taxa (species, subspecies and variety) in Iran, which nine of them are endemic. This is the first micromorphological investigation of this genus. Micromorphological features of trichomes on the stems, leaves and calyces, and also pollen morphology of 19 populations were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Two types of trichome (glandular and non-glandular) including 14 forms were described. Here, among the non-glandular trichomes, cell number and size of trichomes are considered as valuable characteristics, while the glandular trichomes are observed as stalked, sessile and peltate. Lagochilus pollen grains are tricolpate and small to medium sized. The basic shape of the pollen grains in most taxa is prolate, however prolate-subprolate pollen grains was recorded for L. aucheri ssp. aucheri var. aucheri 2. Four types of exine sculpture patterns were distinguished: bireticulate, reticulate, microreticulate and incomplete reticulate. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics were examined by multivariate analysis. The results indicated that the studied taxa were separated from each other; however varieties of L. aucheri did not grouped together. The results support the existence of known varieties in L. aucheri. In general, our investigations reveal the usefulness of micromorphological characteristics in taxon delimitation at the specific and infraspecific levels.

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