Seasonal nutrient and sodium accumulation in the macrophyte Pontederia cordata

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Bayly ◽  
M. E. Shibley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Pontederia Cordata ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Multiple Determination ◽  
Positive Correlations

A seasonal study of accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus was made on Pontederia cordata L., an important component of wetlands in North America. Twice weekly sampling of soil and plant material was made from May 23, 1975, to September 23, 1975. Results were analysed using the prepared program POLYFIT TSL, which fits a curve to the data and prepares an R2 value (coefficient of multiple determination) for the data. Positive correlations between seasonal growth events of P. cordata and accumulation of individual ions were obtained from the analysis. In addition, a positive correlation between accumulation of ions and changes of ion concentration in the upper horizon of the soil was detected for potassium and magnesium.

An examination of a forest site which has exhibited the ash-bed effect

Soil Research ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Humphreys ◽  
MJ Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
A Site ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A site which has shown the 'ash-bed effect' to a marked degree was examined 9 years after planting with Pinus radiata. Trees grown in the ash-beds were found to be 1.2 to 1.4 times the height and more than twice the volume of trees grown next to the ashbeds. Chemical analysis of their foliage revealed that phosphorus levels were significantly higher in the ash-bed trees than in the normal trees, while the calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, nitrogen, and manganese were the same. Soil analyses showed that the ash-bed soils had higher pH and exchangeable calcium contents and lower 'phosphorus adsorption capacity', exchangeable aluminium, and Tamm's oxalate-soluble aluminium than the normal soils, while no difference could be found in the loss on ignition, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, 'total' phosphorus, Tamm's oxalate-soluble iron, exchangeable potassium, sodium, or magnesium. The soil phosphorus was fractionated and it was found that the ratio of the phosphorus associated with aluminium to the 'total' phosphorus was significantly greater in the ash-bed soils than the other soils. In the material examined the 'ash-bed effect' is associated with increased phosphorus availability. This could arise from a change in the composition of the soil phosphorus, a reduction in phosphorus adsorptivity, a reduction in aluminium ion concentration, an increase in phosphorus solubility because of more favourable pH conditions, and increased calcium levels. The possibility of a nitrogen x phosphorus interaction in earlier years is discussed.

scholarly journals Coffee Brews: Are They a Source of Macroelements in Human Nutrition?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Ewa Olechno ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coffee Brews

Coffee brews, made by pouring water on coffee grounds or brewing in an espresso machine, are among the most popular beverages. The aim of this study was to summarize data on the content of macroelements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) in coffee brews prepared with different methods, as well as to review the factors influencing the content of the elements. Studies from 2000 to 2020, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. Taking into account the results presented by the authors, we calculated that one portion of coffee brew can cover 7.5% or 6.4% (for women and men) and 6.6% of the daily requirement for magnesium and potassium, respectively. Coffee provides slightly lower amounts of phosphorus (up to 2.2%), sodium (up to 2.2%), and calcium (up to 0.7% of the daily requirement for women and 0.6% for men). If coffee is drunk in the quantity of three to four cups, it can be an important source of magnesium, considering the risk of magnesium deficiency in modern societies.

scholarly journals StalGrowth—A Program to Estimate Speleothem Growth Rates and Seasonal Growth Variations

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rolf Vieten ◽  
Francisco Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Cave Monitoring ◽  
Calcium Ion Concentration

Speleothems are one of the few archives which allow us to reconstruct the terrestrial paleoclimate and help us to understand the important climate dynamics in inhabited regions of our planet. Their time of growth can be precisely dated by radiometric techniques, but unfortunately seasonal radiometric dating resolution is so far not feasible. Numerous cave environmental monitoring studies show evidence for significant seasonal variations in parameters influencing carbonate deposition (calcium-ion concentration, cave air pCO2, drip rate and temperature). Variations in speleothem deposition rates need to be known in order to correctly decipher the climate signal stored in the speleothem archive. StalGrowth is the first software to quantify growth rates based on cave monitoring results, detect growth seasonality and estimate the seasonal growth bias. It quickly plots the predicted speleothem growth rate together with the influencing cave environmental parameters to identify which parameter(s) cause changes in speleothem growth rate, and it can also identify periods of no growth. This new program has been applied to multiannual cave monitoring studies in Austria, Gibraltar, Puerto Rico and Texas, and it has identified two cases of seasonal varying speleothem growth.

scholarly journals Nutritional factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small for gestational age neonates

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete S. Grumach ◽  
Solange E.I. Jerônimo ◽  
Marcia Hage ◽  
Magda M.S. Carneiro-Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The composition of breast milk from brazilian mothers delivering low birthweight infants and its adequacy as a source of nutrients for this group has not yet been fully elucidated. A total of 209 milk samples from 66 women were analysed. The mothers were divided into three groups: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birthweight (TSGA, n=16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birthweight (PTAGA, n=20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birthweight (TAGA, n=30). The following factors were analysed: osmolarity, total proteins and protein fractions, creamatocrit, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Milk samples were collected 48 h and 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after delivery. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of osmolarity, total proteins and fractions, creamatocrit, calcium, magnesium or potassium throughout the study period. Sodium levels were higher in all samples from mothers of TSGA infants and in samples from mothers of PTAGA infants on the 7th, 15th and 30th days than in milk from the TAGA group. The authors consider the needs of the low birthweight and TAGA infants and that these high sodium levels may be necessary for growth of low birthweight infants.

scholarly journals Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus Balances during a Daily Exercise Regime of Three Hours per Day.

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Tetsuo YAMADA ◽  
Shin-ichi KURASAWA ◽  
Hisaya KASAHARA ◽  
Junzo HAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Exercise Regime ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout and chum salmon

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morisawa ◽  
M. Morisawa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sperm Duct ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Immotile Spermatozoa

Spermatozoa of rainbow trout and chum salmon, which have no potential for motility in the testis, acquire that potential in the sperm duct. This paper demonstrates that there is little difference between the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and osmolality of the seminal plasma in the testis and in the sperm duct. However, the bicarbonate concentration of the seminal plasma and the pH value of semen were higher in the sperm duct than in the testis. When immotile spermatozoa obtained from the testis were incubated in artificial seminal plasma with a high pH and containing HCO3-, spermatozoa became motile within 1 h. These results suggest that spermatozoa of salmonid fish acquire the potential for motility as a result of the increase in seminal bicarbonate concentration and pH that occurs as spermatozoa pass from the testis to the sperm duct.

Respiration and Osmoregulation in Rainbow Trout with Gills Damaged by Zinc Sulphate

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
J. F. SKIDMORE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution

1. Damage to the gill epithelium occurs when hatched fish are killed rapidly by solutions of zinc sulphate. 2. The rate of routine oxygen uptake by lightly sedated, quiet, rainbow trout did not alter on exposure to a rapidly toxic solution of zinc sulphate. However, oxygen utilization decreased seven-fold, gill ventilation volume increased six-fold, heart rate was halved, coughing rate increased 18-fold and the Po2 of dorsal aortic blood declined. 3. Unsedated trout usually struggled on exposure to zinc. The survival time of struggling fish was reduced and oxygen uptake increased, but other physiological changes were similar to those in quiet fish. 4. The respiratory changes in poisoned trout were generally similar to changes observed earlier in the same fish under hypoxia. 5. The osmotic concentration and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc in blood were largely unaffected by immobilization in zinc sulphate solution. Trout survived a four-fold increase in zinc concentration in the blood by injection. 6. The results suggest that epithelial damage decreased the permeability of the gills to oxygen, and did not increase their permeability to cations. Zinc was not a rapid internal poison. Death was probably caused by tissue hypoxia, when maximum gill ventilation was no longer sufficient to supply the oxygen needs of the fish.

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