Comparison between Specificity and Sensitivity of Intestinal Giardialamblia Assays in AL-Door District, Salahdin Province, Iraq

The Giardia lamblia is known as a considerable cause of diarrhea in human. Difficulties are confronted in the detection of that parasite in patients’ faces because of intermittent excretion of the parasite.In this study it was determined specificity and sensitivity of floatation methodby zinc sulphate solution and ELISA assay for Giardialamblia detection compared with direct iodine stain methodAmong 82 patients who were attending AL-Door hospital through period of September to December 2018. The prevalence of Giardiasis was 32.9% and 67.1% was negative. As well this study showed that the percentage of G. lamblia infection was 31.7% by direct iodine stain method, 29.3% was by floatation methodand the sensitivity ratio was 92.3%, specificity was 100%,While 32.9% was positive by ELISA assay and the sensitivity ratio was 92.3%, specificity was 94.6%. Also our study found that the prevalence for Giardiasis depending on gender in this study was 67% for male, 33.3% for female. The results of study were showed the prevalence of infection was 23.2% in age group 8-25 years, 7.3% in 26-35 years and 2.4% in age group 36-45 years. The distribution of infection depends on residencewhich was 20.7% for rural and 12.2% for urban

Lungworm infections in dogs from Central Europe

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis are parasites in the respiratory tract of domestic and wild carnivores. Recently, an increasing number of lungworm infections in dogs has been recognized in Europe. In this report, the results of the first copro-epidemiological study of A. vasorum and C. vulpis in dogs from Slovakia are presented. The Baermann technique and the modified flotation method with zinc sulphate solution (specific gravity 1.2) was used for lungworm detection. In addition, conventional PCR was performed for species confirmation. The majority of lungworm infections were found in the eastern part of the country. A relatively high prevalence (4.13%) of A. vasorum was detected in different parts of Slovakia. Infection was detected most frequently incidentally in asymptomatic dogs. Within this study, crenosomosis was detected for the first time in dogs from Slovakia. Since one infected dog had no travel history, the case is considered autochthonous. An autochthonous case report of angiostrongylosis in a Hanoverian hound puppy from central Slovakia is also described.

Molecular characterization of Toxocara spp. eggs isolated from public parks and playgrounds in Shiraz, Iran

Human toxocariasis, a worldwide parasitic disease, is caused by the larval stage of intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats, namely Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Human infection occurs by the accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs present in the soil, vegetables or on other contaminated surfaces, as well as via consumption of uncooked paratenic hosts, such as bird meat and giblets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil in public parks and playgrounds in Shiraz using microscopy and molecular methods. A total of 150 soil samples were collected from public parks and playgrounds in various areas of Shiraz, southern Iran. The samples were treated with saturated zinc sulphate solution, and Toxocara spp. eggs were detected by microscopic observation followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To differentiate T. canis and T. cati eggs from each other, PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA region by SalI endonuclease enzyme was used. PCR-sequencing was performed to confirm the results of the PCR-RFLP method. Based on the flotation results of the 150 soil samples, six (4%) were found to be positive for Toxocara spp. eggs, whereas nested-PCR showed 24 samples to be positive (16%). Based on the PCR-RFLP method and the sequence of the ITS-rDNA region, a total of 23 out of 24 isolates were confirmed as T. cati and one out of 24 as T. canis. The results showed a higher number of soil samples to be positive for Toxocara by the molecular method than microscopy, and higher T. cati infection in soil samples, which could have an important role in human infection with toxocariasis in this region.

Cryptosporidiumspp. andGiardiasp. in Neotropical river otters (Lontra longicaudis) and giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in northern Brazil

Evaluating the occurrence of diseases in aquatic mustelids is a priority in the conservation strategies for the Neotropical river otter and giant otter. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infection caused byCryptosporidiumspp. andGiardiasp. in both host species in northern Brazil. The collection of biological samples was carried out in the states of Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia, totalling 337 faecal samples of these species, which were processed using Kinyoun's technique for the identification ofCryptosporidiumspp. oocysts, and centrifugal flotation in zinc sulphate solution for visualization ofGiardiasp. cysts. All samples were also tested by direct immunofluorescence. The frequency of infection byCryptosporidiumspp. was higher thanGiardiasp., in the two otter species. In the analysed samples co-infection by both protozoa was also found in 4.47% (14/313) of Neotropical river otter and 20.83% (5/24) of giant otter samples. Oocysts and cysts ofCryptosporidiumandGiardia,respectively, may remain infectious within specific environmental conditions for long periods of time. The current identification of Neotropical and giant otters as hosts of these protozoa increases the possibility of infection in this species and the transmission of those agents to other aquatic and terrestrial organisms, as well as to human populations. The findings of this study represent the first description ofCryptosporidiumspp. andGiardiasp. affectingLontra longicaudisandPteronura brasiliensis.

The recovery of metallic cadmium from the cadmium containing residue in a electrolytic zinc plant

This report presents a process for recovery and purification of metallic cadmium from a residue of the purification process for zinc sulphate solution in Thai Nguyen electrolytic zinc plant. The cadmium containing residue was digested by sulfuric acid of 140 g/l at a temperature of 700C for 4h, the obtained solution will be purified for removal of some impurities such as iron, copper, etc. The purified solution with concentration 50 g/l of Cd, 120 g/l of sulphuric acid and 0.1 g/l of gelatin as an additive will be subjected to an electrolysis process with current density of 50 A/m2 for recovery of metallic cadmium. The temperature of electrolyte is lower 400C. Overall recovery of cadmium is 90%, purity of the obtained metalic cadmium is up to 99.0%.

Soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in a University in Mexico City

The contamination levels of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil samples from a university campus in Mexico City were evaluated and analysed according to garden size, and were related with the percentage of Toxocara spp. eggs and its viability according to the soil characteristics. A total of 1458 soil samples collected in 15 gardens (six large and nine small) were analysed by sedimentation-flotation with zinc sulphate solution on at 33%. Contamination was low (12.9%), and egg viability was high (65.5%). The size of the garden had no influence on the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs. Contamination was negatively correlated with the percentage of vegetation (r = -0. 61, P < 0.01) and the viability was negatively associated with the percentage of clay in the soil samples (r = -0.51, P < 0.04). The size of the garden did not influence the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs.

Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Cobalt Redissolution from Zinc Sulphate Solution

Redissolution of cemented cobalt from zinc sulphate solution occurs, and is a well known problem among zinc producers. A variety of mechanism of cobalt redisisolution have been proposed in the literatures, however, it is still not very well understood. The influencing factors of cobalt redissolution such as detention time, oxidation, particle size of zinc dust and copper ion have been investigated in this paper. The redissolution does not occur when very large particles are used but the redissolution of cobalt is significant from small zinc particles. The redissolution is obvious with copper ion added, while the redissolution is not occurred from the zinc sulphated solution without copper ion added. The redissolution mechanism of cobalt is obtained.