The chemical composition of glochids from Opuntia

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden N. Pritchard ◽  
James A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Cellulose

Glochids of two species of cactus were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction to determine their chemical constituency. The results were compared with calcium oxalate, a known constituent of many plant crystals, and with pure cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls. The analysis showed the glochids to be pure crystalline cellulose.

scholarly journals A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy: A Versatile Tool to Probe Pristine Plant Cell Walls

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Hayato Hiraki ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jarvis Stobbs ◽  
Chithra Karunakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Versatile Tool

Plant cell walls to ethanol

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Jordan ◽  
Michael J. Bowman ◽  
Jay D. Braker ◽  
Bruce S. Dien ◽  
Ronald E. Hector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
The Cost

Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s−1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

scholarly journals A label-free, fast and high-specificity technique for plant cell wall imaging and composition analysis

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background New cell wall imaging tools permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which will aid efforts to use these polymers in multiple applications; however, detailed imaging and quantification of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging. Results Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which can be used to visualize the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. We outline the major steps of the procedure, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls. Conclusions This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

Selective Detection of Crystalline Cellulose in Plant Cell Walls with Sum-Frequency-Generation (SFG) Vibration Spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2434-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Barnette ◽  
Laura C. Bradley ◽  
Brandon D. Veres ◽  
Edward P. Schreiner ◽  
Yong Bum Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Vibration Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Generation

Structure and composition of the cell wall of Choanephora cucurbitarum

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Letourneau ◽  
J. M. Deven ◽  
M. S. Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽  
Hyphal Wall

Mechanically isolated, cytoplasm-free cell walls of Choanephora cucurbitarum were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by use of microchemical methods, infrared spectrophotometry, and X-ray diffraction. Chemical analysis of cell wall revealed the presence of chitin (17%), chitosan (28.4%), neutral sugars (7.2%), uronic acid (2.4%), proteins (8.2%), and lipids (13.8%). The structure of hyphal wall, investigated by electron microscopy of shadowed replicas before and after alkali-acid hydrolysis, showed two distinct regions: microfibrillar and amorphous. The microfibrils, which were composed of mainly chitin, were organized into two distinct layers; an outer, thicker layer of randomly oriented microfibrils, and an inner, thin layer of parallel microfibrils. In its structure and chemical composition the cell wall of C. cucurbitarum resembles those of other zygomycetous fungi.

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