scholarly journals Supramolecular Interactions in Secondary Plant Cell Walls: Effect of Lignin Chemical Composition Revealed with the Molecular Theory of Solvation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo L. Silveira ◽  
Stanislav R. Stoyanov ◽  
Sergey Gusarov ◽  
Munir S. Skaf ◽  
Andriy Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Molecular Theory ◽  
Supramolecular Interactions ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Plant

scholarly journals A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals A label-free, fast and high-specificity technique for plant cell wall imaging and composition analysis

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background New cell wall imaging tools permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which will aid efforts to use these polymers in multiple applications; however, detailed imaging and quantification of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging. Results Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which can be used to visualize the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. We outline the major steps of the procedure, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls. Conclusions This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals Wood hemicelluloses exert distinct biomechanical contributions to cellulose fibrillar networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Berglund ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽  
Sushil Dhital ◽  
Stefan Gaunitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Bacterial Model ◽  
Secondary Plant

Abstract Hemicelluloses, a family of heterogeneous polysaccharides with complex molecular structures, constitute a fundamental component of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the contribution of each hemicellulose type to the mechanical properties of secondary plant cell walls remains elusive. Here we homogeneously incorporate different combinations of extracted and purified hemicelluloses (xylans and glucomannans) from softwood and hardwood species into self-assembled networks during cellulose biosynthesis in a bacterial model, without altering the morphology and the crystallinity of the cellulose bundles. These composite hydrogels can be therefore envisioned as models of secondary plant cell walls prior to lignification. The incorporated hemicelluloses exhibit both a rigid phase having close interactions with cellulose, together with a flexible phase contributing to the multiscale architecture of the bacterial cellulose hydrogels. The wood hemicelluloses exhibit distinct biomechanical contributions, with glucomannans increasing the elastic modulus in compression, and xylans contributing to a dramatic increase of the elongation at break under tension. These diverging effects cannot be explained solely from the nature of their direct interactions with cellulose, but can be related to the distinct molecular structure of wood xylans and mannans, the multiphase architecture of the hydrogels and the aggregative effects amongst hemicellulose-coated fibrils. Our study contributes to understanding the specific roles of wood xylans and glucomannans in the biomechanical integrity of secondary cell walls in tension and compression and has significance for the development of lignocellulosic materials with controlled assembly and tailored mechanical properties.

The chemical composition of glochids from Opuntia

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden N. Pritchard ◽  
James A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Cellulose

Glochids of two species of cactus were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction to determine their chemical constituency. The results were compared with calcium oxalate, a known constituent of many plant crystals, and with pure cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls. The analysis showed the glochids to be pure crystalline cellulose.

Enzymatic treatments reveal differential capacities for xylan recognition and degradation in primary and secondary plant cell walls

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Hervé ◽  
Artur Rogowski ◽  
Harry J. Gilbert ◽  
J. Paul Knox
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Plant

Exploration of cell wall architecture with the rapid-freeze deep-etch technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre ◽  
Chris Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

The comprehension of the molecular architecture of plant cell walls is one of the best examples in cell biology which illustrates how developments in microscopy have extended the frontiers of a topic. Indeed from the first electron microscope observation of cell walls it has become apparent that our understanding of wall structure has advanced hand in hand with improvements in the technology of specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Cell walls are sub-cellular compartments outside the peripheral plasma membrane, the construction of which depends on a complex cellular biosynthetic and secretory activity (1). They are composed of interwoven polymers, synthesised independently, which together perform a number of varied functions. Biochemical studies have provided us with much data on the varied molecular composition of plant cell walls. However, the detailed intermolecular relationships and the three dimensional arrangement of the polymers in situ remains a mystery. The difficulty in establishing a general molecular model for plant cell walls is also complicated by the vast diversity in wall composition among plant species.

Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Hong Yao ◽  
Barbara Williams ◽  
Bernadine Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

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