Effect of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds on growth of Great Lakes phytoplankton

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valanne Glooschenko ◽  
Walter Glooschenko
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuole ◽  
Soil Alga ◽  
Aroclor 1242 ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Algal Cultures

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used for a variety of industrial applications since 1929 and their presence is now widespread in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, three species of Great Lakes phytoplankton and one common soil alga exhibited growth inhibition when exposed to concentrations of PCB as low as 1 μg/litre while 50 μg/litre was toxic to all cultures. Photosynthesis, measured by Na214CO3 uptake was also depressed by PCB additions, but 14C uptake per cell was stimulated at times. Of the four PCB compounds tested, Aroclor 1016 appeared least toxic and Aroclor 1242 was the most toxic, while Aroclors 1221 and 1248 gave intermediate responses.Examination of cells by electron microscopy showed distortion of chloroplast lamellae and increased cytoplasmic vacuole formation in algal cultures treated with 50 μg/litre PCB. Gross cell morphology changes were also observed under the light microscope.Water quality criteria recommend that persistent organic chemicals which are toxic in concentrations of 5 μg/litre or less should not exceed environmental levels of more than 1/100th of this amount. Levels of PCBs in water from several areas of Lakes Erie and Ontario currently exceed these concentrations.

Defining the sources of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls: evidence for the influence of microbially dechlorinated congeners from river sediment?

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Chiarenzelli ◽  
Brian Bush ◽  
Ann Casey ◽  
Ed Barnard ◽  
Bob Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Superfund Sites ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
A Minor ◽  
St Lawrence River

Sampling on Akwesasne Mohawk Nation lands during 1993 yielded elevated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations comparable with those of other areas impacted by the discharge of PCBs. The summer air PCB congener- specific pattern in proximity to three Superfund sites along the St. Lawrence River suggests that the volatilization of Aroclor 1248, used extensively at all three downwind sites, is the dominant source. A dechlorinated source, presumably from river sediment and waters, is a minor contributor (~12%) to the pattern. These two sources can account for ~80% of the observed pattern. At a small cove adjacent to an industrial landfill, summer concentrations exceeded those measured in the winter by a factor of 27. At all sample sites during the summer months (June-August), concentrations and chlorine to biphenyl ratios increased, and similar congener-specific PCB patterns were observed. During the colder months, PCB concentrations at all sites decreased but were elevated with respect to those measured elsewhere in the Great Lakes region during the same time period.

Temperature Dependence and Temporal Trends of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in the Great Lakes Atmosphere

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt F. Simcik ◽  
Ilora Basu ◽  
Clyde W. Sweet ◽  
Ronald A. Hites
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Temporal Trends

A Comparison of Water Quality Criteria for the Great Lakes Based on Human and Wildlife Health

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Ludwig ◽  
John P. Giesy ◽  
Cheryl L. Summer ◽  
William Bowerman ◽  
Richard Aulerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Wildlife Health

Collaborative Study of the Recovery and Gas Chromatographic Quantitation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chicken Fat and Polychlorinated Biphenyl–DDT Combinations in Fish

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon D Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Aroclor 1242

Abstract Nine laboratories collaborated on the analyses of PCBs in chicken fat and DDT-PCB combinations in fish. Existing AOAC multipesticide methodology with GLC quantitation was employed. One solution containing a mixture of Aroclors 1254 and 1260 was analyzed by GLC only. The fish samples were subjected to a published silicic acid procedure for separating the DDT-PCB mixtures. The DDT analogs were quantitated before and after the separation. The PCB content was quantitated by total peak height and total area comparisons against appropriate Aroclor(s), using electron capture GLC, and additionally in 6 laboratories by total area comparisons, using halogen-specific detection. The electron capture GLC data demonstrated better accuracy and precision. The following PCB recoveries were obtained by using total peak height comparisons: 5 ppm mixed Aroclor solution, 100±4%; 8 ppm Aroclor 1242-fortified chicken fat, 101±13%; 7.5 ppm Aroclor 1248-fortified chicken fat, 96±9%; incurred Aroclor 1242 chicken fat, 9.2 ppm±8%; 6 ppm Aroclor 1254-fortified fish, 75±14%; 6 ppm Aroclor 1260-fortified fish, 75±15%; and an environmentally incurred residue in fish, 4.5 ppm±20%. The 2 Aroclor-fortified fish samples were concurrently spiked with the p,p′-isomers of DDE, TDE, and DDT at levels of 4, 1, and 3 ppm, respectively. After silicic acid separation the combined recoveries for these 2 samples were: DDE, 86±13%; TDE, 89±20%; and DDT, 84±17%. Environmentally incurred-DDT residues were recovered at 4.1 ppm±14% for p,p′-DDE, 0.7 ppm±24% for o,p′-DDT, and 2.7 ppm±17% for p,p′-DDT. The DDT values calculated before the silicic acid separation compared favorably with those summarized. The multiresidue method for chlorinated pesticides, 29.001–29.027, has been adopted official first action to include polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry fat and fish.

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