Gas-Phase Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Hexachlorocyclohexane Concentrations near the Great Lakes:  A Historical Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
pp. 5051-5056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Buehler ◽  
Ilora Basu ◽  
Ronald A. Hites
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl

Defining the sources of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls: evidence for the influence of microbially dechlorinated congeners from river sediment?

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Chiarenzelli ◽  
Brian Bush ◽  
Ann Casey ◽  
Ed Barnard ◽  
Bob Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Superfund Sites ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
A Minor ◽  
St Lawrence River

Sampling on Akwesasne Mohawk Nation lands during 1993 yielded elevated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations comparable with those of other areas impacted by the discharge of PCBs. The summer air PCB congener- specific pattern in proximity to three Superfund sites along the St. Lawrence River suggests that the volatilization of Aroclor 1248, used extensively at all three downwind sites, is the dominant source. A dechlorinated source, presumably from river sediment and waters, is a minor contributor (~12%) to the pattern. These two sources can account for ~80% of the observed pattern. At a small cove adjacent to an industrial landfill, summer concentrations exceeded those measured in the winter by a factor of 27. At all sample sites during the summer months (June-August), concentrations and chlorine to biphenyl ratios increased, and similar congener-specific PCB patterns were observed. During the colder months, PCB concentrations at all sites decreased but were elevated with respect to those measured elsewhere in the Great Lakes region during the same time period.

Temperature Dependence and Temporal Trends of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in the Great Lakes Atmosphere

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt F. Simcik ◽  
Ilora Basu ◽  
Clyde W. Sweet ◽  
Ronald A. Hites
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Temporal Trends

Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Commercial Fish from the Great Lakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Harvey Newsome ◽  
Paul Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Contaminated Area

Abstract Fillets from 11 species of commercial fish from the Great Lakes were analyzed for residues of 39 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 24 other organochlorine compounds. Eel and trout contained the highest amount of PCB (753 and 633 ppb wet weight, respectively) and other organochlorines (607 and 1404 ppb, respectively); perch and carp contained the lowest residues. The pentaand hexachlorinated PCBs were the major congeners in all species except whitefish, in which the tetrachlorinated congeners predominated. Toxaphene was the most abundant organochlorine pesticide in trout; p,p′ -DDE was the major component of this class in eel. Residue concentrations in commercial carp were compared with residues present in carp from a fishery closed to commercial operation. Although both PCB and organochlorine pesticide levels in carp were among the lowest for all commercial fish samples, levels from the contaminated area were among the highest.

Dependencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations Measured at the Great Lakes on Climate Variables

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Ubl ◽  
Martin Scheringer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Pcb Congeners

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and hazardous chemicals that are still detected in the atmosphere and other environmental compartments although their production was banned several decades ago. At the Great Lakes region PCBs have been monitored via the IADN network since 1993. In this study, we report results from seven different PCB congeners measured at six different sites around the Great Lakes. The PCBs exhibit a strong seasonal cycle with highest concentrations in summer and lowest concentrations in winter. The concentrations measured in Chicago and Cleveland are higher compared to the concentrations reported from more remote stations. We evaluated the correlations for the seven PCB congeners at each station. PCB-53,-101,-118 and -138 are highly correlated at each of the six stations. PCB-180 is the least correlated with all the other PCBs. This is explicitly true for Eagle Harbor, where PCB-180 and -153 are not correlated with the other 6 PCBs. This may be explained by the less pronounced seasonal cycle of these heavier PCBs at Eagle Harbor. We observed significant correlations between PCB-28 concentrations at the remote stations, but PCB concentrations at the stations of Chicago and Cleveland are only poorly correlated with PCB concentrations at the other stations. The weak correlation of the PCB concentrations measured at the different stations and the relatively high concentrations of the PCB congeners at each station indicate that local conditions and small scale processes (sources, temperature, wind direction, wind speed) dictate the spatial distribution of the  PCBs. We will feed available data on temperature, wind speed, wind direction, emissions, precipitation, ice cover of the Great Lakes and large scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns into a General Additive Model (GAM) to further investigate the relationships between the measured PCB concentrations and selected environmental conditions and atmospheric parameters.<span> </span></p>

Polychlorinated biphenyl emissions to the atmosphere in the Great Lakes region. Municipal landfills and incinerators

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Murphy ◽  
Leo J. Formanski ◽  
Bruce. Brownawell ◽  
Joseph A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Great Lakes Region

A comparison of the transport and fate of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in three great lakes food webs

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Morrison ◽  
D. Michael Whittle ◽  
G. Douglas Haffner
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl

The HERON reaction — Origin, theoretical background, and prevalence

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Glover ◽  
Arvi Rauk ◽  
Jeanne M Buccigross ◽  
John J Campbell ◽  
Gerard P Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Physical Organic ◽  
Computational Work

The origin of the HERON reaction is reviewed from a historical perspective and shown to have its foundation in the unusual properties of bisheteroatom-substituted amides, so-called anomeric amides. The reaction involves migration of anomerically destabilized oxo-substituents on an amide nitrogen to the amide carbon and dissociation of the amide bond. Computational work providing a theoretical basis for the reaction is presented, together with physical organic measurements that support results therefrom. The rearrangement has been observed in a number of chemical transformations of N-alkoxy-N-aminoamides, reactions of 1-acyloxy-1-alkoxydiazenes, N-alkoxy-N-aminocarbamates, N-alkoxyhydroxamic acids, as well as in the gas-phase reactions of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides.Key words: HERON reaction, anomeric amides, rearrangements, hindered esters, concerted reactions.

Temporal and Spatial Trends of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations near the Great Lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Ilora, Basu ◽  
Pierrette Blanchard ◽  
Kenneth A. Brice ◽  
Ronald A. Hites
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Trends
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