The correlative inhibition of bud and shoot growth in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Some factors affecting the pattern and degree of inhibition

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Correlative Inhibition

When flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seedlings were grown in sand culture under controlled conditions, growth of the lateral buds and their release from apical dominance showed a positive correlation with the N supply. The response of the buds was related to their position on the shoot and a well-defined gradient of bud growth potential was apparent at all N levels. Removal of the basal buds, which have the highest growth potential, induced the outgrowth of buds at higher nodes and increased the growth of the main shoot apex. Similar effects were produced by increasing the N supply to the intact plant.Providing N only as nitrate inhibited apical growth and caused severe leaf necrosis. These effects were due to zinc deficiency and could be prevented or significantly reduced not only by increasing the zinc supply but also by reducing the N level, providing some NH4-N, reducing the light intensity, or increasing the depth of planting. They could also be prevented by removal of the lateral buds at the basal nodes, thus indicating that the shoot apex and lateral buds may compete for the limited zinc supply. The obviously complex relationship between zinc and nitrogen nutrition in this species requires further investigation.

The correlative inhibition of bud and shoot growth in flax. Anatomical changes associated with the release of lateral buds from inhibition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2269-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre ◽  
Shirley D. Larmour
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Correlative Inhibition

Seedlings of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in sand culture under controlled conditions and the bud at node 3 was released from apical dominance by increasing the concentration of N in the nutrient solution. Within 24 h of increasing the N supply the number of mitoses per bud had markedly increased and within 48 h the length of the bud was significantly greater than the controls. A distinctive group of cells (the "quiescent center"), characterized by enlarged nuclei with a reduced Feulgen staining reaction, was present at the apex of all inhibited low-N buds but rapidly disappeared when the buds were released from inhibition. Of the buds examined 48 h after the N supply was increased, about 50% had no xylem in the bud trace; the rest had only a single xylem strand and none had established a connection with the stele of the parent stem. Buds examined after 72 h showed a marked increase in the number of xylem strands, but more than 75% of these buds still lacked a complete xylem connection with the vascular tissue of the parent shoot.These results support the hypothesis that the release of lateral buds from apical dominance is not dependent on the prior strengthening of the xylem connections and that associated changes in vascular tissue development are the consequence rather than the cause of the release of the bud from inhibition.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Winter Chilling Impedes Development of Acrotony in Apple Shoots

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel C. Cook ◽  
Gerard Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Cold Area

In 1997, 1-year-old, unbranched, ≈1-m-long shoots of the apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) rootstock `Merton-Immune 793' (MI.793) were selected at random from two commercial stoolbeds in the Western Cape, South Africa, during the dormant period. One site has mild winters [307 Utah Chill Units (CU) in 1997, 34°S, 300 m] while the other is moderately cold (1497 CU in 1997, 33°S, 950 m). In 1998, `Granny Smith' shoots were collected from a mature orchard in another warm area (574 CU in 1998, 34°S, 116 m). Shoots were prepared and forced at 25 °C with continuous illumination. During dormancy the developmental rate was determined of the terminal bud, and of both distally and proximally situated lateral buds, with or without the inhibitory influence of a distal disbudded shoot piece (10 cm long). In the moderately cold area, the growth rate of the terminal bud increased shortly before spring budburst such that a weak acrotonic tendency was established. The shorter dormant period, as experienced with the mild winters common to the apple-growing regions of the Western Cape, impeded the full development of acrotony and subsequent apical control. With less chilling (mild areas) a basitonic tendency remained. Budburst was slower and more erratic, and inhibition by the distal shoot parts was accentuated. Delayed foliation may be due more to correlative inhibition than to endodormancy. When lateral buds are released from paradormancy they exhibit a growth potential similar to, or, with less chilling, even greater than, that of the terminal bud. This permits a greater expression of autonomy between shoots.

Nutritional control of the correlative inhibition between lateral shoots in the flax seedling (Linum usitatissimum)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Correlative Inhibition

When the epicotyl of the flax seedling is decapitated one of the two shoots produced at the cotyledonary node tends to inhibit and may completely suppress the growth of the other. By growing the seedlings in sand culture with a controlled mineral nutrient supply it was shown that (a) the inhibiting influence of the dominant shoot was inversely related to the nitrogen level; (b) the inhibited shoot could be released from inhibition by increasing the nitrogen supply; (c) the removal of the dominant shoot was followed within 12 h by an increase in the total nitrogen content of the inhibited shoot; (d) a similar control of inhibition could be obtained by varying the phosphorus supply. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that this form of correlative inhibition is due primarily to competition between the shoots for a limited mineral nutrient supply.When one of the cotyledons was either covered or removed its axillary bud was inhibited by the shoot in the axil of the untreated cotyledon. The degree of inhibition was inversely related to the nitrogen supply. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the cotyledons provide a factor(s) which promotes the growth of their axillary buds and thus determines their ability to compete for mineral nutrients.

scholarly journals Nitrogen nutrition of rice plants measured by growth and nutrient content in pot experiments. 3. Changes during growth.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
W. Dijkshoorn ◽  
M. Ismunadji
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Available N ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Source ◽  
Ammonium Nutrition

Young rice plants cv. IR-5 in flooded sand culture grew better with ammonium than with nitrate as N source; yield differences were initiated by a higher rate of tillering and leaf expansion with ammonium nutrition during the first stage of exponential growth. When complete foliage cover had been obtained and further DM increases were linearly related to growth duration, nitrate was less readily assimilated than ammonium, but growth rate was the same for both forms of N because it was controlled mainly by environment and nutrient supply rather than by leaf area, form of available N or concentration of N in the tissues. Restoration of N supply to an N-depleted culture of well-developed plants showed that ammonium produced an earlier renewal of growth; plants yielded more on a given date than with nitrate although they eventually regained the same rate of linear growth. Plants given nitrate contained more carboxylates than those given ammonium, irrespective of plant age or temporary N shortage. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Some effects of the nitrogen supply on growth and development of Cirsium arvense

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3012-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre ◽  
James H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Root Buds

The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the growth and development of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., was investigated by growing seedlings in sand culture under controlled conditions. A preliminary experiment showed that seedlings at the cotyledon stage were very susceptible to injury by high salt concentration; a 10 × dilution of Hoagland's solution was required for successful establishment. Nitrate-N at 210 ppm caused severe leaf necrosis and inhibition of shoot and root bud growth, but provision of ammonium-N eliminated these effects.When seedlings were supplied with NH4NO3 at levels that ranged from 5.25 to 420 ppm N, shoot dry weight and root bud growth increased up to 210 ppm but decreased at 420 ppm, probably as a result of ammonium toxicity. By clearing roots with lactic acid it was shown that while growth of the root buds increased with the N level, the number of buds initiated was significantly reduced. When plants were grown initially at a low N level, a subsequent increase in the N supply permitted the root buds to escape from inhibition and develop as leafy shoots. This response suggested that under the experimental conditions, bud inhibition was due to internal competition for a limiting N supply.

Hepatoprotective activity and standardization of the bioactive lignan fraction of Linum usitatissimum L.

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
H El-Askary ◽  
S El Zalabani ◽  
RS El-Din ◽  
MY Issa ◽  
RR Hegazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L
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