Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies. I. Leaf and twig oil analysis of alpine and balsam firs

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Leaf Oil

The volatile oils of the leaves and twigs of alpine fir, and western and eastern Canadian balsam fir were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. Many qualitative similarities were found and the within-tree and tree-to-tree variation of the quantitative terpene composition of the leaf oil was sufficiently small to permit a chemosystematic study. Abies lasiocarpa and A. balsamea may be differentiated by the relative amounts of β-pinene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, trans-ocimene, piperitone, methyl thymol, and thymol. Consistent quantitative differences were also found between eastern and western A. balsamea, and the populations in the Lesser Slave Lake and Battle Lake regions of central Alberta gave intermediate terpene data, which suggests introgression between A. lasiocarpa and western A. balsamea. Thus a cline between A. lasiocarpa and A. balsamea, with western balsam fir populations as bridge, may have existed after the last glaciation. The alpine fir populations of southern Alberta, and eastern and central British Columbia gave uniform terpene data, but five trees sampled on Green Mountain, Vancouver Island, gave significantly different terpene data. These results were substantiated by morphological characters as well as twig oil analysis, but the latter two methods gave less consistent data than leaf oil analysis.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART X. THE VOLATILE OILS OF THE LEAVES OF SITKA AND ENGELMANN SPRUCE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VON RUDLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Aliphatic Esters

The leaf oils from Sitka and Engelmann spruce were obtained in 0.36 and 0.094% yield respectively. The average percentage composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Sitka spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly d-myrcene (23.5%), l-piperitone (23.2%), and d-camphor (17.2%). Smaller amounts of 1,8-cineole, l-β-phellandrene, p-cymene, two aliphatic esters, d-bornyl acetate, d-borneol, and d-terpinen-4-ol were also isolated and several other esters appeared to be present in small amounts. Engelmann spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (18.5%), d-camphor (16.0%), d-bornyl acetate (8.6%), d-linalool (5.8%), and two unidentified compounds. Smaller amounts of myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, piperitone, and several sesquiterpenoids were also recorded. Tricyclene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene were found in small amounts in both oils.Phylogenetic relationships between the different spruces and other conifers are discussed.

scholarly journals Simplified Method of Volatile Leaf Oil Analysis for Identification of Citrus Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Jacob B. Bade ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Kim D. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Potential Use

Volatile oils were extracted from aqueous leaf suspensions of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] cultivars Hamlin, Navel, and Valencia and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) cultivars Marsh and Ray Ruby. Pressurized air was used as the sparging gas, and volatile oils were collected in a C-18 cartridge. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to separate and quantify 17 volatile components. Significant quantitative differences for individual components made it possible to distinguish sweet orange from grapefruit (four components), `Marsh' from `Ray Ruby' grapefruit (two components), `Hamlin' from `Valencia' or `Navel' orange (six components), and `Valencia' from `Navel' (three components). The simplicity and sensitivity of the procedure suggest potential use for Citrus taxonomic, genetic, and breeding research.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Tsuga. Leaf and twig oil analysis of western hemlock

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Storage

The chemical composition of the volatile oils of the leaves and twigs of western hemlock and the variations caused by transportation and storage, and those found within trees and within populations, were determined. Whereas the leaf oil was found to be well suited for chemosystematic studies, that of the twigs is unsatisfactory. The major components (3–25%) of the leaf oil were β-phellandrene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, cis-ocimene, limonene, and α-phellandrene and smaller amounts of α-terpineol, methyl thymol, terpinolene, cadinene and muurolene isomers and their corresponding alcohols, terpinene-4-ol, trans-ocimene, camphene, γ-terpinene, bornyl acetate, thymol, and nerolidol were identified. cis-Ocimene (8–14%) appears to be highly characteristic of the species and it, as well as other quantitative differences, may serve as a distinguishing feature with regard to mountain hemlock, eastern hemlock, and other species of the family Pinaceae. Leaf samples from 10 trees give terpene patterns that are representative of a population; no significant differences at different elevations (10–700 m) were recorded. Although the means of the major terpenes from different populations may vary by several percent, consistent differences between coastal and interior populations of British Columbia were not found.

scholarly journals Volatile Constituents of Three Piper Species from Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001
Author(s):  
Le D. Hieu ◽  
Tran M. Hoi ◽  
Tran D. Thang ◽  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Benzyl Benzoate ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of three Piper plants grown in Vietnam are reported. The analysis was achieved by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents of the leaf oil of Piper majusculum Blume were β-caryophyllene (20.7%), germacrene D (18.6%) and β-elemene (11.3%). The quantitatively significant compounds of the volatile oils of P. harmandii C. DC were sabinene (leaves, 14.5%; stems, 16.2%), benzyl benzoate (leaves, 20.0%; stems, 29.40%) and benzyl salicylate (leaves, 14.1%; stems, 24.3%). Also, α-cadinol (17.0%) was identified in large proportion in the leaf oil. However, sabinene (leaves, 17.9%; stems, 13.5%), benzyl benzoate (leaves, 20.5%; stems, 32.5%) and β-eudesmol (leaves, 13.8%; stems, 8.4%) were the main constituents of P. brevicaule C. DC. This is the first report on the volatile constituents of both P. harmandii and P. brevicaule.

scholarly journals Volatile oils analysis of fern (Pteridophyte) around Pangajaran waterfalls, Wonosalam, Jombang

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
YUYUN MARINI ◽  
SUTARNO SUTARNO ◽  
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Leaf P

The aims of the research were: to know species diversity of fern (Pteridophyte) from Pangajaran, Wonosalam, Jombang, to know fern species containing volatile oil, to know concentration and percentage similarity of substances and characteristics of the substances containing in the oil, and to know the structure of cell producing volatile oil in trees and leaf of the fern. Fern diversity was studied by field survey, volatile oil concentration measured by hydro-distillation followed with gas chromatography to further know the components in the oil, while structure of the cell producing volatile oil was detected cross section of the trees and leaf for microscopic analysis. Based on the data and analysis result can be concluded that there were 13 fern species in Pangajaran. Two of the 13 species were confirmed as producing volatile oil, Pteris beaurita Linn. and Cyathea contaminans, that were produced volatile on their leaf only. Concentration of volatile oil of leaf P. beaurita was 0,005%, while in C. contaminans 0,01%. Percentage similarity of the volatile oil between two species based on its Retention Time (RT) was 2,5%, at the RT point of 21.247 in P. beaurita and at RT point of 21.294 in C. contaminans. Percentage similarity of both species based on morphological characters was 36.36%. Location of volatile oil producing cells in both species of fern was spreadly dispersed in schlerenchyma tissue and in mesophyll tissue of the leaf.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies. II. Leaf oil analysis of grand fir

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
South Central ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Leaf Oil

The volatile leaf oil of the grand fir consists mainly of (−)-α-pinene, (−)-camphene, (−)-β-pinene, (−)-β-phellandrene, (−)-bornyl acetate, cadinene and muurolene isomers, and two cubebol isomers. Santene, tricyclene, myrcene, car-3-ene, limonene, terpinolene, p-cymene, camphenolene aldehyde, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, citronellyl and geranyl acetate, α-cubebene, α-copaene, calamenene, and two farnesol isomers were also isolated. Attempts to identify these terpenes with a combined gas chromatograph – mass spectrometer failed to give unequivocal data and identities had to be confirmed by isolation and recording of other spectra. Except for β-pinene and β-phellandrene, within-tree and tree-to-tree variation of terpene percentages was relatively small. The leaf oil terpene composition appears to be well suited to determine geographical variation. Only minor differences were recorded between some northern coastal and interior populations, but samples from south-central Oregon showed major differences that are indicative of introgression with white fir.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from the Leaf, Stem-Bark and Twig of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajumoke Mariam Owoade ◽  
David Gbenga Oke
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Xylene Isomers

The essential oils from the leaf, stem-bark and twig of Terminalia mantaly were isolated by hydrodistillation. The volatile oils analysed on Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometer (GC - MS). The identified constituents were twelve, twenty-three and seventeen for the leaf, stem-bark and twig and accounted for 89.57%, 95.77%, 95.92% respectively. Hexahydrofarnesylacetone (30.05%) and Z-pinane (16.71%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil and nonanal (21.16%) and heptanal (10.57%) were principal component in the stem-bark volatile oil. Xylene isomers namely, meta and para (21.98%-23.56%) were the major components of the twig with substantial amount of nonanal (13.64%).

Gas–liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVIII. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus communis L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
V. K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Hydroxy Ketone ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citronellyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
The Many ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Common Juniper

The volatile leaf oil of the local common juniper was found to consist mainly of α-pinene (73 to 83%) and smaller amounts (0.5 to 5%) of β-pinene, 3-carene, myrcene, limonene, methyl citronellate, bornyl acetate, myrtenal, myrtenol, myrtenyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, nerolidol, farnesol, and an unusual hydroxy ketone. Of the many trace constituents, β-phellandrene, citronellal, "iso-" citronellal, linalool, geraniol, isopulegol, 4-terpinenol, and ε-cadinene were isolated, whereas camphene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene, fenchone, thujone, isothujone and δ-cadinene could only be tentatively identified.There was little variation in the quantitative composition of the leaf oil from one plant to another. Since the composition of this oil differs significantly from that of other juniper leaf oils, chemotaxonomic studies by means of leaf oil analysis are feasible.

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