Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies. II. Leaf oil analysis of grand fir

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
South Central ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Leaf Oil

The volatile leaf oil of the grand fir consists mainly of (−)-α-pinene, (−)-camphene, (−)-β-pinene, (−)-β-phellandrene, (−)-bornyl acetate, cadinene and muurolene isomers, and two cubebol isomers. Santene, tricyclene, myrcene, car-3-ene, limonene, terpinolene, p-cymene, camphenolene aldehyde, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, citronellyl and geranyl acetate, α-cubebene, α-copaene, calamenene, and two farnesol isomers were also isolated. Attempts to identify these terpenes with a combined gas chromatograph – mass spectrometer failed to give unequivocal data and identities had to be confirmed by isolation and recording of other spectra. Except for β-pinene and β-phellandrene, within-tree and tree-to-tree variation of terpene percentages was relatively small. The leaf oil terpene composition appears to be well suited to determine geographical variation. Only minor differences were recorded between some northern coastal and interior populations, but samples from south-central Oregon showed major differences that are indicative of introgression with white fir.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pseudotsuga. I. Leaf oil analysis of the coastal and Rocky Mountain varieties of the Douglas fir

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Distinguishing Features

The volatile leaf oils of the coastal and Rocky Mountain varieties of the Douglas fir were found to have distinctive terpene compositions. The relative amounts of l-β-pinene, sabinene, 3-carene, α- and γ-terpinene, terpinolene, l-terpinen-4-ol, citronellol, citronellyl and geranyl acetate (relatively large in the former variety); and santene, tricyclene, l-camphene, limonene, and l-bornyl acetate (relatively large in the latter variety) may serve as distinguishing features. n-Hexenal, l-α-pinene, α- and β-phellandrene, linalool, fenchyl alcohol, and l-α-terpineol were also isolated. The within-tree and within-population variation of the amounts of these terpenes as well as populational differences from Calgary through the foothills to Revelstoke were small. Intermediate compositions were encountered as far west as the Cascades and one may distinguish clearly between interior and coastal intermediate terpene patterns. Between Keremeos and Hedley the terpene pattern was essentially that of the Rocky Mountain variety whereas at Jasper intermediate patterns leaning towards coastal intermediates were recorded. Analysis of the leaf oils from five different provenances of coastal populations indicated that a north–south cline may exist. Provenance samples showed conclusively that the terpene patterns are genetically controlled and are not influenced by ecological factors. Hence these terpene patterns may serve as a genetic guide and provide a quantitative measure of coastal, intermediate, and Rocky Mountain types of populations.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Tsuga. Leaf and twig oil analysis of western hemlock

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Storage

The chemical composition of the volatile oils of the leaves and twigs of western hemlock and the variations caused by transportation and storage, and those found within trees and within populations, were determined. Whereas the leaf oil was found to be well suited for chemosystematic studies, that of the twigs is unsatisfactory. The major components (3–25%) of the leaf oil were β-phellandrene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, cis-ocimene, limonene, and α-phellandrene and smaller amounts of α-terpineol, methyl thymol, terpinolene, cadinene and muurolene isomers and their corresponding alcohols, terpinene-4-ol, trans-ocimene, camphene, γ-terpinene, bornyl acetate, thymol, and nerolidol were identified. cis-Ocimene (8–14%) appears to be highly characteristic of the species and it, as well as other quantitative differences, may serve as a distinguishing feature with regard to mountain hemlock, eastern hemlock, and other species of the family Pinaceae. Leaf samples from 10 trees give terpene patterns that are representative of a population; no significant differences at different elevations (10–700 m) were recorded. Although the means of the major terpenes from different populations may vary by several percent, consistent differences between coastal and interior populations of British Columbia were not found.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies. III. Leaf and twig oil analysis of amabilis fir

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 3087-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Cis And Trans

The volatile oil of the leaves, and also the twigs, of amabilis fir consists mainly of (−)-β-phellandrene, (+)-car-3-ene, (−)-β-pinene, (−)-α-pinene, myrcene, (−)-limonene, terpinolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and β-bisabolene. Smaller relative amounts of santene, tricyclene, camphene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, cis- and trans-ocimene, γ-terpinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, bornyl acetate, methyl thymol, thymol, α-cubebene, α-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, and cadinene–muurolene isomers and their corresponding alcohols were also identified. The presence of three minor diterpene hydrocarbons and manool was indicated by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.The quantitative variation within trees, between trees, and among northern, central, and southern populations was determined. The high tree-to-tree variability obscures any significant (P = 0.05) geographic trend that may exist. Several qualitative and many significant quantitative differences exist between the leaf oil compositions of amabilis, grand, alpine, and balsam firs andpossibly also noble, white, and California red firs, and these can serve well in chemosystematic studies.

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