The growth of selected mycorrhizal fungi in response to induced water stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mexal ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Three ectomycorrhizal fungi, Cenococcwn graniforme, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris were grown in artificial nutrient media. Water potential of the media was varied by the use of the osmoticum polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and measured by thermocouple psychrometry. Cenococcum graniforme was very tolerant of low water potentials and exhibited maximum growth at a potential of −15 bars. Maximum growth of S. luteus and T. terrestris occurred at −5 bars. The water potential of solutions containing PEG 4000 appears to consist of both an osmotic and matric component, making PEG 4000 ideally suited for simulation of soil moisture stress. It was neither metabolized nor readily absorbed by C. graniforme as inorganic salts or sugars might be.

Effect of Moisture Stress on Germination and Radicle Development ofPinuseldarica Medw. and Pinusponderosa Laws.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Djavanshir ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Germination Value

Polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) was used to study the effect of substrate water potential, ranging from 0 to 20 negative bars, on the germination of Pinusponderosa and P. eldarica seeds over a 35 day period. A marked reduction in percentage germination and germination value (GV) occurred at −4 bars for P. ponderosa and −6 bars for P. eldarica and optimum germination occurred at −2 and −4 bars, respectively. The best radicle growth (elongation) occurred at −2 bars for both species, but was severely reduced at potentials −4 bars or less. Although germination occurred at potentials as low as −8 bars for P. ponderosa and −12 bars for P. eldarica, it was estimated that percentage seedling survival would be near zero at these moisture stresses because of a marked reduction in radicle growth.

Allelopathic effects of Cladonia cristatella on ectomycorrhizal fungi common to bituminous strip-mine spoils

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Goldner ◽  
F. M. Hoffman ◽  
R. J. Medve
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Strip Mine ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Acetone–toluene extracts of Cladonia cristatella inhibited the growth of fungi known to form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees commonly found on bituminous strip-mine spoils in western Pennsylvania. Growth of Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus luteus was completely inhibited by C. cristatella extracts over a 30-d bioassay period. Thelephora terrestris was dead after 17 d. The growth of Cenococcum graniforme was unaffected by lichen extracts. D-Usnic acid, a major secondary compound of the C. cristatella extract, was found to inhibit the growth of P. tinctorius. This inhibition, however, did not account for the total inhibition of P. tinctorius demonstrated by the gross acetone–toluene extract. Other secondary compounds, and potential allelopathic substances, present in the extract were barbatic acid, didymic acid, condidymic acid, subdidymic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, squamatic acid, and rhodocladonic acid.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora Seedlings under Flooding Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Cho ◽  
Shinnam Yoo ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
Chang Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

Flooding is an environmental stress for plants that not only limits aeration and nutrient acquisition, but also disturbs underground plant-associated fungal communities. Despite frequent flooding, red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings thrive in streamside environments. However, whether the compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of red pine are affected by natural flooding is unclear. As EMF are vital symbionts for the development of many trees and allow them to overcome various environmental stresses, in this study, the EMF species associated with red pine seedlings in a streamside environment in Korea were investigated after flooding. The EMF species in 47 seedlings collected from the streamside site were identified by observing their different morphotypes using internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and a total of 10 EMF species were identified. The EMF species diversity was lower than that in samples collected from a nearby forest analyzed as a control. The dominant EMF species of streamside seedlings included Amphinema spp., Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris. This study could serve as a basis for investigating the mechanisms by which advantageous EMF aid plant development under flooding stress.

scholarly journals Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO<sub>2</sub> and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keenan ◽  
R. García ◽  
A. D. Friend ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
C. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Forest Growth Model

Abstract. Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ("ORCHIDEE"), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ("GOTILWA+"), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.

scholarly journals Erratum: Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Gunaratne ◽  
Upul Kumari Ratnayaka ◽  
Nihal Sirisena ◽  
Jennet Ratnayaka ◽  
Xiangli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress

scholarly journals Assessing Vascularization Response of Three Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Cultivars to Soil Type, Nutrient Stress, and Water Stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Sanders ◽  
Jennifer D. Cure ◽  
Pamela M. Deyton ◽  
Randolph G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Subjective Rating Scale

Amount of vascular development (veininess) is an important quality factor for processing wholepack tomatoes. The influences of nutrient and soil moisture stress on the amount of vascular development in `Chico III', `Dorchester', and `Roma' tomato fruit were studied. Fruit subjected to nutrient stress showed the highest amount of veininess. Fruit exposed to moisture stress after initial fruit set did not differ from controls in amount of veininess. Amount of vascularization did not differ among cultivars. A method for quantifying veininess was developed and compared with a traditional subjective rating scale. There was a high correlation (r2 = 0.77) between the subjective rating and quantitative measurement of veininess.

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