Allelopathic effects of Cladonia cristatella on ectomycorrhizal fungi common to bituminous strip-mine spoils

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Goldner ◽  
F. M. Hoffman ◽  
R. J. Medve
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Strip Mine ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Acetone–toluene extracts of Cladonia cristatella inhibited the growth of fungi known to form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees commonly found on bituminous strip-mine spoils in western Pennsylvania. Growth of Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus luteus was completely inhibited by C. cristatella extracts over a 30-d bioassay period. Thelephora terrestris was dead after 17 d. The growth of Cenococcum graniforme was unaffected by lichen extracts. D-Usnic acid, a major secondary compound of the C. cristatella extract, was found to inhibit the growth of P. tinctorius. This inhibition, however, did not account for the total inhibition of P. tinctorius demonstrated by the gross acetone–toluene extract. Other secondary compounds, and potential allelopathic substances, present in the extract were barbatic acid, didymic acid, condidymic acid, subdidymic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, squamatic acid, and rhodocladonic acid.

The growth of selected mycorrhizal fungi in response to induced water stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mexal ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Three ectomycorrhizal fungi, Cenococcwn graniforme, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris were grown in artificial nutrient media. Water potential of the media was varied by the use of the osmoticum polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and measured by thermocouple psychrometry. Cenococcum graniforme was very tolerant of low water potentials and exhibited maximum growth at a potential of −15 bars. Maximum growth of S. luteus and T. terrestris occurred at −5 bars. The water potential of solutions containing PEG 4000 appears to consist of both an osmotic and matric component, making PEG 4000 ideally suited for simulation of soil moisture stress. It was neither metabolized nor readily absorbed by C. graniforme as inorganic salts or sugars might be.

Mycobiont and Whole Thallus Cultures of Roccella Montagnei Bél. For the Biosynthesis of Secondary Compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Hariharan ◽  
S. Karthik ◽  
S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Secondary Compound

The mycobiont and whole thallus cultures of Roccella montagnei Bel. were established using soredia as an inoculum.The mycobiont cultures showed optimum growth, biomass and biosynthesis of compounds in Lilly and Barnett medium with glucose as a carbon source, micronutrients and vitamins. After the incubation period of 180 days, the cultures were harvested, and their biomass and secondary compound profiles were analysed. The HPTLC chromatogram of the acetone extract of the NT and mycobiont cultures revealed erythrinas the major biosynthesized compound in both and identified as a key biosynthate by R. montagnei. Further, the NT biosynthesized 5 additional compounds and themycobiont cultures biosynthesized 6 additional compounds. The molecular identity of the cultured mycobiont was confirmed using nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) as well as the secondary chemistry. Lichen compound erythrin was identified as a key biosynthate by the cultures.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora Seedlings under Flooding Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Cho ◽  
Shinnam Yoo ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
Chang Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

Flooding is an environmental stress for plants that not only limits aeration and nutrient acquisition, but also disturbs underground plant-associated fungal communities. Despite frequent flooding, red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings thrive in streamside environments. However, whether the compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of red pine are affected by natural flooding is unclear. As EMF are vital symbionts for the development of many trees and allow them to overcome various environmental stresses, in this study, the EMF species associated with red pine seedlings in a streamside environment in Korea were investigated after flooding. The EMF species in 47 seedlings collected from the streamside site were identified by observing their different morphotypes using internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and a total of 10 EMF species were identified. The EMF species diversity was lower than that in samples collected from a nearby forest analyzed as a control. The dominant EMF species of streamside seedlings included Amphinema spp., Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris. This study could serve as a basis for investigating the mechanisms by which advantageous EMF aid plant development under flooding stress.

Patterns of Refaunation of Reclaimed Strip Mine Spoils by Nonterricolous Arthropods

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford A. Hawkins ◽  
Earle A. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Strip Mine

The gastropod Arion fuscus prefers cyanobacterial to green algal parts of the tripartite lichen Nephroma arcticum due to low chemical defence

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan ASPLUND ◽  
Yngvar GAUSLAA
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Distribution Limit ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
N Starvation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Acetone Rinsing

AbstractAlthough the tripartite terricolous lichen Nephroma arcticum is easily accessible to lichen-feeding gastropods, grazing marks are mainly restricted to localized cephalodia with N-fixing Nostoc. We tested if this gastropod preference for cephalodia can be explained by differences in carbon based secondary compounds (CBSCs) in cyanobacterial versus green-algal tissues. CBSCs were non-destructively removed from air-dry thalli by 100% acetone. Compound deficient and control thallus parts were offered to the slug Arion fuscus and grazing preferences were quantified by area measurements in ArcGIS™. The concentrations of CBSCs (phenarctin, usnic acid, nephroarctin and methyl gyrophorate) in thallus parts with and without cephalodia were quantified with HPLC. Compared to purely green-algal parts, cephalodial parts with adjoining fungal tissues contained less defensive compounds, and were preferred by A. fuscus. The cephalodia themselves do not contain any CBSCs. After acetone rinsing, A. fuscus did not discriminate between green-algal and cyanobacterial parts. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that CBSCs in green-algal parts of N. arcticum play a herbivore-defensive role. It is further hypothesized that grazing of cephalodia may lead to N-starvation and reduced growth of N. arcticum thalli in southern portions of its range where lichenivorous gastropods are more abundant. This may play a role in shaping the southern distribution limit of this arctic-boreal lichen species.

PLANNING FOR REGRADING AND RECLAMATION OF STRIP MINE SPOILS

1979 ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Rasmussen ◽  
John L. Thames ◽  
Peter F. Ffolliott
Keyword(s):  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Strip Mine

Secondary Compounds Following Northsouth Transplantation of Three Lichen Species

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Fahselt
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Quantitative Variation

AbstractWide north-south transplants were made with three lichen species, Parmelia cumberlandia, Cladonia turgida and Stereocaulon saxarile. The objective was to determine whether thallus chemistry would be altered due to wide geographic displacement of thallus segments from the control locations. Significant quantitative variation in microchemistry was observed among thalli of P. cumberlandia and among those of C. turgida, but there were no qualitative or quantitative effects on the lichen products, usnic acid, atranorin, constictic, stictic, norstictic, fumarprotocetraric and lobaric acids, due to transplantation.

Soybean growth on fly ashamended strip mine spoils

1977 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Fail ◽  
Zachary S. Wochok
Keyword(s):  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Strip Mine

Difference in secondary compounds and chlorophylls between fibrils and main stems in the lichen Usnea longissima suggests different functional roles

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Nybakken ◽  
Yngvar Gauslaa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Usnea Longissima ◽  
Lichen Compounds ◽  
Fungal Genus

Usnea is a species-rich and widespread lichenized fungal genus of well-lit parts of forest canopies (Motyka 1936, 1947; Clerc 1998). The bright greenish colour of these beard lichens reflects the presence of usnic acid in the cortex, which forms a thin, but dense sleeve around the trebouxioid photobiont in the outermost parts of the medulla. Usnic acid, a widely distributed dibenzofuran derivative produced by various mycobiont genera, strongly absorbs UV-B, but also the shortest PAR wavelengths (e.g. McEvoy et al. 2006, M. McEvoy, K. A. Solhaug and Y Gauslaa unpublished). Depending on species (Halonen et al. 1998), Usnea also contains a wide range of UV-B absorbing depsidones and depsides, though these are usually assumed to be confined to the medulla. Quantitative data on lichen compounds are rare in Usnea species, particularly with respect to the intrathalline variation.

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