Effects of picloram on growth and on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content of plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glycine Max L

Foliar application of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) markedly inhibited the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Harosoy 63) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). The rates of picloram which caused death of soybean (0.14 kg/hectare) and Canada thistle (0.56 kg/hectare) in 2 weeks caused no marked injury symptoms to barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Parkland). ED50 values of picloram (doses required to reduce growth by half) were 16.1 g/hectare for soybean, 18.2 g/hectare for Canada thistle, and 3.64 kg/hectare for barley.Picloram (250 mg/liter, about 0.30 kg/hectare), both 1 and 3 days after treatment, markedly reduced the chlorophyll content of soybean and Canada thistle plants. RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein contents of such picloram-treated plants, on the other hand, were increased up to 30% over controls. In barley, picloram had very little effect on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content.

Fate of Picloram in Canada Thistle, Soybean, and Barley

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Shoot Meristems

Autoradiography and radioassay results indicated that14C-picloram (14C-4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) was absorbed and translocated rapidly in Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.], soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Harosoy 63’], and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Parkland’) following foliar or root application. Foliar absorption was much faster and more complete in soybean and Canada thistle than in barley. The radioactivity from14C-picloram accumulated in shoot meristems in Canada thistle and soybean, whereas in barley it was distributed throughout the plant following uptake by foliage or roots. Decarboxylation of14C-picloram by foliarly-treated Canada thistle, soybean, and barley plants did not occur in appreciable amounts. Chromatographic analysis of ethanol extracts of plants treated with14C-picloram up to 20 days revealed no evidence of picloram metabolism by these plant species. It is concluded that differences in absorption and in distribution patterns of picloram after shoot or root uptake contribute greatly to the expression of its selective action in the species studied.

CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND TOLERANCE OF BARLEY TO 3,6 DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
V. C. KOSSATZ
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Control of topgrowth of 10-cm-tall Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) was excellent, and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Gait’) yields were increased when 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was applied at rates of 0.2 kg/ha and higher. No injury to barley cvs. Gait and Klondike was evident with herbicide rates of 0.1–0.9 kg/ha applied at the three-leaf, six-leaf and boot stages and yields were not adversely affected.Key words: Canada thistle, barley tolerance, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid

Picloram effects on ribonucleic acid and protein biosynthesis in excised plant tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2489-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), both at growth-promoting (10 μg/ml) and growth-inhibiting (500 μg/ml) concentrations decreased the loss of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein of excised soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Harosoy 63) hypocotyl, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Parkland) coleoptile, barley leaf, and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) leaf tissues during an 8-h incubation. At a growth-promoting concentration picloram enhanced RNA and protein biosynthesis (incorporation of 14C-labeled precursors), whereas at a growth-inhibiting concentration it inhibited such synthesis. Incorporation of radioactivity into RNA and protein of particulate and supernatant fractions (separated at 20 000 × g) appeared to be equally sensitive to picloram. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide in the incubation medium markedly inhibited both normal and picloram-induced growth and RNA and protein biosynthesis. Puromycin was less effective in inhibiting growth and protein biosynthesis. Picloram, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid all promoted growth and RNA and protein biosynthesis though they did so at different concentrations and to varying degrees. Our results indicate that picloram has a role in altering both net synthesis of RNA and protein and some processes in the degradative metabolism of these constituents.

Leaf Wash Techniques for Estimation of Foliar Absorption of Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
Hank D. Bestman ◽  
Chris Hall ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Effective Efficiency

Three wash techniques, each with 1, 10, or 95% (v/v) ethanol:water were used to measure foliar absorption of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine],14C-3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in Tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn. ♯3FAGTA], Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR], and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Galt’). For the herbicides and species tested, the most suitable common procedure for determining absorption consisted of a double or triple rinse with or immersion in 10% ethanol. Wiping the treated leaves with cotton balls moistened with the solvent was much less effective. Efficiency of herbicide removal by a given solvent was not related consistently to solubility of the herbicide in the solvent.

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