CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND TOLERANCE OF BARLEY TO 3,6 DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
V. C. KOSSATZ
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Control of topgrowth of 10-cm-tall Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) was excellent, and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Gait’) yields were increased when 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was applied at rates of 0.2 kg/ha and higher. No injury to barley cvs. Gait and Klondike was evident with herbicide rates of 0.1–0.9 kg/ha applied at the three-leaf, six-leaf and boot stages and yields were not adversely affected.Key words: Canada thistle, barley tolerance, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid

Effects of picloram on growth and on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content of plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glycine Max L

Foliar application of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) markedly inhibited the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Harosoy 63) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). The rates of picloram which caused death of soybean (0.14 kg/hectare) and Canada thistle (0.56 kg/hectare) in 2 weeks caused no marked injury symptoms to barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Parkland). ED50 values of picloram (doses required to reduce growth by half) were 16.1 g/hectare for soybean, 18.2 g/hectare for Canada thistle, and 3.64 kg/hectare for barley.Picloram (250 mg/liter, about 0.30 kg/hectare), both 1 and 3 days after treatment, markedly reduced the chlorophyll content of soybean and Canada thistle plants. RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein contents of such picloram-treated plants, on the other hand, were increased up to 30% over controls. In barley, picloram had very little effect on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content.

Leaf Wash Techniques for Estimation of Foliar Absorption of Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
Hank D. Bestman ◽  
Chris Hall ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Effective Efficiency

Three wash techniques, each with 1, 10, or 95% (v/v) ethanol:water were used to measure foliar absorption of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine],14C-3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in Tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn. ♯3FAGTA], Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR], and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Galt’). For the herbicides and species tested, the most suitable common procedure for determining absorption consisted of a double or triple rinse with or immersion in 10% ethanol. Wiping the treated leaves with cotton balls moistened with the solvent was much less effective. Efficiency of herbicide removal by a given solvent was not related consistently to solubility of the herbicide in the solvent.

Fate of Picloram in Canada Thistle, Soybean, and Barley

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Shoot Meristems

Autoradiography and radioassay results indicated that14C-picloram (14C-4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) was absorbed and translocated rapidly in Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.], soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Harosoy 63’], and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Parkland’) following foliar or root application. Foliar absorption was much faster and more complete in soybean and Canada thistle than in barley. The radioactivity from14C-picloram accumulated in shoot meristems in Canada thistle and soybean, whereas in barley it was distributed throughout the plant following uptake by foliage or roots. Decarboxylation of14C-picloram by foliarly-treated Canada thistle, soybean, and barley plants did not occur in appreciable amounts. Chromatographic analysis of ethanol extracts of plants treated with14C-picloram up to 20 days revealed no evidence of picloram metabolism by these plant species. It is concluded that differences in absorption and in distribution patterns of picloram after shoot or root uptake contribute greatly to the expression of its selective action in the species studied.

Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) management in canola (Brassica rapa) and barley (Hordem vulgare) rotations under zero tillage

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
D. W McAndrew ◽  
G. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

The effect of in-crop herbicide rate, crop row spacing and seeding rate on Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] management in two cycles of a canola (Brassica rapa L.)/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation was investigated under zero tillage at Vegreville, Alberta. The entire plot area received pre-harvest glyphosate from 1993 through 1995. In crop, either no herbicides were applied or clopyralid and dicamba/MCPA-K were applied at one-half or full recommended rates to canola and barley, respectively. In most cases, Canada thistle shoot density and dry weight were lower when the herbicides were used at either rate compared with no herbicide application. Pre-harvest glyphosate followed by either clopyralid or dicamba/MCPA-K in-crop reduced Canada thistle shoot densities from approximately 20 m–2 in 1993 to one or fewer m–2 in 1996. In-crop herbicides resulted in higher crop yields and revenues in 1993 and 1994, but not in 1996 when the Canada thistle infestation was relatively low. The effect of crop row spacing was inconsistent, and had little effect on Canada thistle shoot density or dry weight. In some cases, crop yield was higher at 20-cm than at 30-cm row spacing. Crop seeding rate had no effect on crop or Canada thistle variables. Key words: Cirsium arvense, zero tillage, pre-harvest glyphosate, clopyralid, dicamba/MCPA-K, crop row spacing, crop seeding rate.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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