Picloram effects on ribonucleic acid and protein biosynthesis in excised plant tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2489-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), both at growth-promoting (10 μg/ml) and growth-inhibiting (500 μg/ml) concentrations decreased the loss of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein of excised soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Harosoy 63) hypocotyl, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Parkland) coleoptile, barley leaf, and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) leaf tissues during an 8-h incubation. At a growth-promoting concentration picloram enhanced RNA and protein biosynthesis (incorporation of 14C-labeled precursors), whereas at a growth-inhibiting concentration it inhibited such synthesis. Incorporation of radioactivity into RNA and protein of particulate and supernatant fractions (separated at 20 000 × g) appeared to be equally sensitive to picloram. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide in the incubation medium markedly inhibited both normal and picloram-induced growth and RNA and protein biosynthesis. Puromycin was less effective in inhibiting growth and protein biosynthesis. Picloram, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid all promoted growth and RNA and protein biosynthesis though they did so at different concentrations and to varying degrees. Our results indicate that picloram has a role in altering both net synthesis of RNA and protein and some processes in the degradative metabolism of these constituents.

Effects of picloram on growth and on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content of plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glycine Max L

Foliar application of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) markedly inhibited the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Harosoy 63) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). The rates of picloram which caused death of soybean (0.14 kg/hectare) and Canada thistle (0.56 kg/hectare) in 2 weeks caused no marked injury symptoms to barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Parkland). ED50 values of picloram (doses required to reduce growth by half) were 16.1 g/hectare for soybean, 18.2 g/hectare for Canada thistle, and 3.64 kg/hectare for barley.Picloram (250 mg/liter, about 0.30 kg/hectare), both 1 and 3 days after treatment, markedly reduced the chlorophyll content of soybean and Canada thistle plants. RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein contents of such picloram-treated plants, on the other hand, were increased up to 30% over controls. In barley, picloram had very little effect on chlorophyll, RNA, and protein content.

scholarly journals Occurrence of plant growth-promoting traits in clover-nodulating rhizobia strains isolated from different soils in Rio Grande do Sul state

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Kayser Vargas ◽  
Bruno Brito Lisboa ◽  
Gilson Schlindwein ◽  
Camille Eichelberger Granada ◽  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

In the last decades, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has become an alternative to improve crop production. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii is one of the most promising rhizobacteria and is even used with non-legume plants. This study investigated in vitro the occurrence of plant growth-promoting characteristics in several indigenous R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii isolated from soils in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Isolates were obtained at 11 locations and evaluated for indoleacetic acid and siderophore production and inorganic phosphate solubilization. Ten isolates were also molecularly characterized and tested for antagonism against a phytopathogenic fungus and for plant growth promotion of rice seedlings. Of a total of 252 isolates, 59 produced indoleacetic acid, 20 produced siderophores and 107 solubilized phosphate. Some degree of antagonism against Verticillium sp. was observed in all tested isolates, reducing mycelial growth in culture broth. Isolate AGR-3 stood out for increasing root length of rice seedlings, while isolate ELD-18, besides increasing root length in comparison to the uninoculated control, also increased the germination speed index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. These results confirm the potential of some strains of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals Biochemical markers in crop and forest species: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e05101724172
Author(s):  
Sara Lorena de Pádua Souza ◽  
Valdinete Vieira Nunes ◽  
Izabel de Jesus Cândido ◽  
Valéria Mota de Brito ◽  
Lucas Alexandre dos Santos Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Proteins and enzymes are informative biochemical markers frequently used in plant studies. The objective of this work was to present the studies with enzymes and proteins used as biochemical markers in crops and forest species—the articles prospected in the Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases in December 2020. The keywords were a combination of "agricultural" or "forest" with the Boolean operator and the enzymes' name: alcohol dehydrogenase/ADH, malate dehydrogenase/MDH, alpha-amylase/AMS, peroxiredoxin/PERX, and LEA proteins. Eighty-two articles addressed enzymes in agricultural or forest species were included in the analysis. The articles were published from 1976 to 2020, with an average annual publication of 12.2. Three hundred thirty-seven authors developed the annual percentage growth rate of 2.52% and articles. The most studied crops are Oryza sativa L., Glycine max L., Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., specimens of the genera Triticum and Brassica. The forest species were Pinus, Picea, Nothofagus, Quercus, and Sorbus, and Fagus sylvatica L. The main tissues used for extraction are leaves, seeds, buds, and roots. The studies mainly deal with enzymes or proteins as markers associated with abiotic stresses and the structure or genetic diversity.

Investigations of growth-promoting factors in conditioned soybean root cells and in the liquid medium in which they grow: ammonium, glutamine, and amino acids

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Sargent ◽  
J. King
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Haplopappus Gracilis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Cells Cultured

Cells cultured in sterile, liquid media from a number of Phaseolus spp., soybean cotyledons, shoots, and roots and from rice explants grew, in terms of dry-weight increase, much better in the presence of NH4+ and NO3− as sources of nitrogen than with NO3− alone. Other cultures tested, including other legumes, either did not respond positively to added NH4+ or, as in the case of Haplopappus gracilis cells, grew better in its absence.Earlier it had been shown that soybean (Glycine max. L. cv. Mandarin) root cells grew better in the presence of NH4+ than in its absence and that 'conditioning' substances were produced by cells and excreted into the medium between about the 15th and 35th h of incubation. These observations and those above with other cell cultures led to the initiation of an investigation of why some cells respond to NH4+ while others do not.This investigation has so far taken the form of an analysis of nitrogenous compounds in soybean root cells and in the NH4+-containing medium in which they were grown during 120 h of incubation and especially after 24 h of incubation, the time of maximum production of growth-enhancing ability in both cells and medium.Growth enhancement can be accounted for, apparently, by the occurrence of residual NH4+ in conditioned medium and by the presumed occurrence of NH4+ in cells. However, glutamine and its derivatives are implicated in the conditioning process.

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