Changements dans les lipides de la luzerne en conditions menant à l'endurcissement au froid

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grenier ◽  
A. Trémolières ◽  
H. P. Therrien ◽  
C. Willemot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol

The lipids of alfalfa were analyzed during artificial hardening. An increase in fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid; phospholipids; and triglycerides was observed in leaves, stems, and roots. The largest increase in phospholipids, rich in linoleic acid, occurred in the roots. The desaturation of the fatty acids was increased; this increase in desaturation was slight in the phospholipids, but pronounced in the triglycerides. The galactolipids were apparently not affected by the treatment. The level of trans-3-hexadecenoic acid, which is present only in phosphatidyl glycerol, was markedly depressed during hardening.

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL IN THE SEED OF ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins ◽  
Mary J. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids ◽  
Total Oil

Seed of Asclepias syriaca L. was gathered at intervals during the growing season. Analyses of the seed, the oil, and the fatty acids were made, the latter by gas chromatography. About 75% of the total oil was formed in the first 5 weeks after flowering and the remaining 25% over the final 7 weeks. There was a sudden change in fatty acid composition at a middle stage of development, resulting in a fall in the percentage of hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids and a rise in linoleic acid. Thereafter the changes were small except that linoleic showed a further increase in proportion to the total fatty acids.The weight of individual fatty acids per 1000 seeds was calculated at each stage of development. Corresponding to the change in percentage composition, there was a sharp increase in the weight of linoleic acid per 1000 seeds and an actual decrease in the weight of hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids, between the 5th and 7th week after flowering. Between the 7th week and maturity, linoleic acid increased considerably, hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids increased slightly, and the others remained unchanged in amount. There was a net loss of hexadecenoic acid from the 5th week to maturity. It is postulated that 9-hexadecenoic acid was converted in the seed to 11-octadecenoic acid and that oleic acid was converted to linoleic acid.

The surprising diversity of Δ6-desaturase substrates

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guillou ◽  
S. D'Andrea ◽  
V. Rioux ◽  
S. Jan ◽  
P. Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

A single gene encoding a δ6-desaturase (FADS2) has been isolated and characterized in mammalian species. This δ6-desaturase plays a major role in the biosynthesis of PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids). It catalyses the rate-limiting desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2n−6) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n−3) required for the biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs. Moreover, recent studies have provided strong evidence that this δ6-desaturase also acts on 24-carbon PUFAs of both the n−6 and n−3 series. Another substrate of this δ6-desaturase has been identified through complementary works from different investigators. This δ6-desaturase acts on a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (C16:0), leading to the newly characterized biosynthesis of hexadecenoic acid (C16:1n−10) or sapienate.

Lipid Profile of Pig Tissues Contrasting in Meat Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Bekenev ◽  
Anatoly A. Arishin ◽  
Sergei N. Mager ◽  
Izolda V. Bolshakova ◽  
Natalia L. Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the back fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42% respectively (p <0.005).The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

Dairy product consumption is associated with a lowering of linoleic acid within serum triglycerides in adolescent females with overweight or obesity: a secondary analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins ◽  
Melissa Calleja ◽  
Richard P Bazinet ◽  
Andrea R Josse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

Abstract Dairy fat is rich in saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (16:0) but low in linoleic acid (18:2n-6). The natural carbon 13 enrichment (δ13C) of 16:0 is higher in dairy fat than in most of the food supply. In adults, serum levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are recognized as biomarkers of dairy intake. In adolescents, no study has evaluated serum fatty acid levels or δ13C in response to chronic dairy consumption. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether increased dairy product consumption can modulate 1) serum fatty acid levels and 2) 16:0 δ13C in adolescents with overweight/obesity who followed a 12-week weight management program. This secondary analysis of a RCT included two groups of adolescent females: recommended dairy (RDa; n=23) and low dairy (LDa; n=23). The RDa group was given 4 servings/d of dairy products while the LDa group maintained dairy intakes at ≤2 servings/d. Blood was sampled before and after the intervention. Lipids were extracted, separated, and fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to assess 16:0 δ13C. There were no group differences on serum changes of 15:0 or 17:0. Within triglycerides, 18:2n-6 was lowered by 7.4% only in the RDa group (p = 0.040). The difference in delta 16:0 δ13C between the LDa and RDa group did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.070). Reductions in serum 18:2n-6 by dairy consumption could have positive health implications but more studies are needed to confirm this assertion.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cis-11,12-Methylene-Hexadecanoic Acid in the Red Alga Solieria pacifica (Yamada) Yoshida

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Gwang-Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Man Sim ◽  
Yutaka Itabashi ◽  
Min-Jeong Jung ◽  
Joon-Young Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Monoenoic Acid ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid

Fatty acids in marine algae have attracted the attention of natural chemists because of their biological activity. The fatty acid compositions of the Solieriaceae families (Rhodophyceae, Gaigartinales) provide interesting information that unusual cyclic fatty acids have been occasionally found. A survey was conducted to profile the characteristic fatty acid composition of the red alga Solieria pacifica (Yamada) Yoshida using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In S. pacifica, two cyclopentyl fatty acids, 11-cyclopentylundecanoic acid (7.0%), and 13-cyclopentyltridecanoic acid (4.9%), and a cyclopropane fatty acid, cis-11,12-methylene-hexadecanoic acid (7.9%) contributed significantly to the overall fatty acid profile. In particular, this cyclopropane fatty acid has been primarily found in bacteria, rumen microorganisms or foods of animal origin, and has not previously been found in any other algae. In addition, this alga contains a significant amount of the monoenoic acid cis-11-hexadecenoic acid (9.0%). Therefore, cis-11,12-methylene-hexadecanoic acid in S. pacifica was likely produced by methylene addition to cis-11-hexadecenoic acid.

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