DEVELOPMENT OF OIL IN THE SEED OF ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins ◽  
Mary J. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids ◽  
Total Oil

Seed of Asclepias syriaca L. was gathered at intervals during the growing season. Analyses of the seed, the oil, and the fatty acids were made, the latter by gas chromatography. About 75% of the total oil was formed in the first 5 weeks after flowering and the remaining 25% over the final 7 weeks. There was a sudden change in fatty acid composition at a middle stage of development, resulting in a fall in the percentage of hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids and a rise in linoleic acid. Thereafter the changes were small except that linoleic showed a further increase in proportion to the total fatty acids.The weight of individual fatty acids per 1000 seeds was calculated at each stage of development. Corresponding to the change in percentage composition, there was a sharp increase in the weight of linoleic acid per 1000 seeds and an actual decrease in the weight of hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids, between the 5th and 7th week after flowering. Between the 7th week and maturity, linoleic acid increased considerably, hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids increased slightly, and the others remained unchanged in amount. There was a net loss of hexadecenoic acid from the 5th week to maturity. It is postulated that 9-hexadecenoic acid was converted in the seed to 11-octadecenoic acid and that oleic acid was converted to linoleic acid.

Characterization of Aeromonas genomic species by using quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
Klaus Blasczyk ◽  
Georg Auling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study

A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on representative strains of 13 Aeromonas genomic species. Quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns were found to be very useful for an improved characterization of the genus and an improved differentiation from members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The Q-8-benzoquinone was the predominant ubiquinone, and putrescine and diaminopropane were the major poly amines of the genus. The fatty acid patterns of 181 strains, all characterized by DNA–DNA hybridization, showed a great homogeneity within the genus, with major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), hexadecenoic acid (16:1), and octadecenoic acid (18:1), and minor amounts of the hydroxylated fatty acids (3-OH 13:0, 2-OH 14:0, 3-OH 14:0) in addition to some iso and anteiso branched fatty acids (i-13:0, i-17:1, i-17:0, and a-17:0). Although some differences in fatty acid profiles between the genomic species could be observed, a clearcut differentiation of all species was not possible.Key words: Aeromonas, polyamines, quinones, fatty acids, differentiation.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

scholarly journals Observations on the pattern on biohydrogenation of esterified and unesterified linoleic acid in the rumen

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore ◽  
C. G. Harfoot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Diene ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. Studies have been made of the effects of different concentrations of either free or esterified linoleic acid on the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen micro-organisms in vitro. A comparison has been made with the changes which occurred in the fatty acid compositions of rumen free fatty acids and plasma triglycerides of sheep given intraruminal infusions of linoleic acid or maize oil.2. In the in vitro experiments, with increasing concentrations of 18:2 added as the free fatty acid, a decreasing proportion of this 18:2 was hydrogenated to 18:0 andtrans-11-octadecenoic acid accumulated. The accumulation of large amounts oftrans-11-octadecenoic acid was accompanied in all instances by the accumulation of a conjugated diene identified ascis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid. There appeared to be a product–precursor relationship between the conjugated diene and thetrans-11 monoene.3. When linoleic acid was presented in vitro as the triglyceride, the extent to which hydrogenation occurred was, in all instances, greater than when equivalent amounts of 18:2 were presented as the free acid. Only small amounts of thecis-9,trans-11 diene were detected, and there was no apparent product–precursor relationship between this conjugated diene and the C18monoenoic acids. The C18monoenoic acids that accumulated consisted of bothcisandtransisomers; thecisisomers consisted largely ofcis-9- andcis-11-octadecenoic acids, which together comprised about 30% of the C18monoenoic acids present.4. The infusion of free linoleic acid into the rumen of sheep resulted in an increase in the proportion of total 18:1 and a decrease in the proportions of 16:0 and 18:0 in the total rumen free fatty acids. This increase which occurred in the concentration of 18:1 consisted predominantly of thetrans-11 isomer. A concomitant increase in the concentration of the C18trans-11 acid was observed to occur in the fatty acids of the plasma triglycerides. Infusion of maize oil into the rumen of sheep resulted in little change in the fatty acid compositions of either the free fatty acids in the rumen or the triglycerides of the plasma.5. The findings in vitro and in vivo are discussed with reference to each other and with reference to the possibility that biohydrogenation of 18:2 derived from the triglyceride proceeds by a different pathway from that of 18:2 presented as the free acid.

scholarly journals Change in protein, oil and fatty acid contents in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of different seed coat colors and seed weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Mi Choi ◽  
Hyemyeong Yoon ◽  
Myoung-Jae Shin ◽  
Yoonjung Lee ◽  
On Sook Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Total Oil

AbstractSoybean seeds are one of the best sources of plant-based high-quality proteins and oils. The contents of these metabolites are affected by both environmental and genetic factors. In this study, 49 soybean germplasms were cultivated in Korea, the contents of total protein, total oil and five fatty acids were determined, and the influences of seed coat color and seed weight on each were assessed. The total protein and total oil contents were evaluated using Kjeldahl and Soxhlet methods and were in the ranges of 36.28-44.19% and 13.45-19.20%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of individual fatty acids were determined as area percentage from acquired gas-chromatography peaks. The contents of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were in the ranges of 9.90-12.55, 2.45-4.00, 14.97-38.74, 43.22-60.26, and 5.37-12.33%, respectively and each significantly varied between the soybean germplasms. Unlike total oil and fatty acid contents, total protein content was not significantly affected by both seed coat color and seed weight. Cluster analysis grouped the soybeans into two classes with notable content differences. Fatty acids were the main factors for the variabilities seen between the soybean germplasms as observed in the principal component analysis. Correlation analysis revealed a significant but negative association between total oil and total protein contents (r = -0.714, p < 0.0001). Besides, a trade-off relationship was observed between oleic acid and linoleic acid (r = -0.936, p < 0.0001) which was reflected with respect to both seed coat color and seed weight. Among all colored soybeans, pale-yellow soybeans had the highest and the lowest levels of oleic acid and linoleic acid, respectively each being significantly different from the rest of colored soybeans (p < 0.05). Likewise, oleic acid content increased with seed weight while that of linoleic acid decreased with seed weight (p < 0.05). In general, this study showed the significance of seed coat color and seed weight to discriminate soybean genotypes, mainly in terms of their fatty acid contents. Moreover, the soybean germplasms with distinct characters and fatty acid contents identified in this study could be important genetic resources for cultivar development.

scholarly journals The hydrogenation of the series of methylene-interruptedcis,cis-octadecadienoic acids by pure cultures of six rumen bacteria

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kemp ◽  
David J. Lander ◽  
R. T. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acids ◽  
Cis Isomer ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The hydrogenation of all the methylene-interrupted cis, cis-octadecadienoic acids was examined using pure cultures of six rumen bacteria able to hydrogenate linoleic acid to stearic acid or its immediate precursor, trans-1 1-octadecenoic acid, after first conjugating the linoleic acid to cis,truns-9, 1 1-octadecadienoic acid.2. Only the Δ 14-cis, 17-cis-isomer was not hydrogenated by at least one of the bacteria and no evidence was found that conjugation was necessary before hydrogenation except for the Δ 2-cis,5-cis- and Δ 9-cis, 12-cis-isomers. Several isomers were hydrogenated to an extent close to that achieved with linoleic acid (Δ 9-cis, 124s).3. Those bacteria only able to hydrogenate linoleic to trans-1 1-octadecenoic acid gave only octadecenoic acid products and those bacteria able to hydrogenate linoleic acid to stearic gave variable yields of octadecenoic acids and stearic acid except with the isomers Δ 12-cis, 15-cis and Δ 13-cis, Idcis when only octadecenoic acids were detected.4. At the substrate levels used (20 μg/ml), both inhibition and stimulation of growth were found but no common pattern emerged, nor was the growth consistently related to the extent of hydrogenation.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas lutea sp. nov., a novel phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
Raúl Rivas ◽  
Ignacio Santa-Regina ◽  
Pedro F. Mateos ◽  
Eustoquio Martínez-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain designated OK2T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of grasses growing spontaneously in a soil from Spain. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that this bacterium belongs to the γ-subclass of Proteobacteria within the genus Pseudomonas and that the closest related species is Pseudomonas graminis. The strain produced catalase but not oxidase. Cellulose, casein, starch, gelatin and urea were not hydrolysed. Aesculin was hydrolysed. Growth was observed with many carbohydrates as carbon sources. The main non-polar fatty acids detected were hexadecenoic acid (16 : 1), hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and octadecenoic acid (18 : 1). The hydroxy fatty acids detected were 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-OH 10 : 0), 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (3-OH 12 : 0) and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid (2-OH 12 : 0). The G+C DNA content determined was 59·3 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization showed 48·7 % relatedness between strain OK2T and P. graminis DSM 11363T and 26·2 % with respect to Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae LMG 21640T. Therefore, these results indicate that strain OK2T (=LMG 21974T=CECT 5822T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, and the name Pseudomonas lutea sp. nov. is proposed.

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL IN THE SEED OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins ◽  
Mary J. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Subsequent Conversion

Sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) was collected from growing plants at weekly intervals. Analyses of the seed, the oil, and the fatty acids were made, the latter by gas chromatography. Oil formation began about 10 days after flowering and continued at a steady rate for 7 weeks. There was no evidence that any intermediate substance accumulated in the seed for subsequent conversion to oil.The weight of individual fatty acids per 100 seeds was determined at each stage of development. Except for one sample, the amount of each acid increased to maturity. Oleic acid accumulated most rapidly at first but at the mid-point of oil development it was overtaken by linoleic acid, which became the major component. The possibility that some oleic acid was converted to linoleic acid is discussed. The absence of any marked change in amounts of long-chain saturated acids suggests that they were not involved in the synthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids.

GC-MS Analysis of Fat-Soluble Components of Wild Russula in Fangcheng Area of Henan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhao ◽  
Yi Shuo Wang ◽  
Yu Hong Han ◽  
Sarah Bacus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Soluble Components

Objective: To study the lipid soluble constituents of wild Russula in Fangcheng-Henan province. Methods: The lipid soluble chemical constituents of wild Russula in henan province were analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The Fatty acids was the highest content of lipid soluble components in wild Russula, 27 compounds were identified, accounting for 99.44% of the total detected components, the main compounds were (E)- 9-octadecenoic acid (44.93%), linoleic acid (28.18%), Palmitic acid (12.07%) and (E)- 12,15-octadecenoic acid (4.17%). Conclusion: The study provides experimental datas for the further development and utilization of wild Russula.

scholarly journals Production of Novel Tetrahydroxyfuranyl Fatty Acids from α-Linolenic Acid by Clavibacter sp. Strain ALA2

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 3868-3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Hosokawa ◽  
Ching T. Hou ◽  
David Weisleder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Chemical Structures

ABSTRACT Previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2, produced trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (THFAs) from linoleic acid (C. T. Hou, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1359-1362, 1996; C. T. Hou and R. J. Forman III, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; C. T. Hou, H. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75:1483-1487, 1998; C. T. Hou, H. W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169, 2001). In this study, we found that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 produced novel THFAs, including 13,16-dihydroxy-12-THFA, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (13,16-dihydroxy-THFA), and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-12, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA), from α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). The chemical structures of these products were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum incubation temperature was 30°C for production of both hydroxy-THFAs. 13,16-Dihydroxy-THFA was detected after 2 days of incubation, and the concentration reached 45 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation; 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was not detected after 2 days of incubation, but the concentration reached 9 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation. The total yield of both 13,16-dihydroxy-THFA and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was 67% (wt/wt) after 7 days of incubation at 30°C and 200 rpm. In previous studies, it was reported that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 oxidized the C-7, C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 positions of linoleic acid (n-6) into hydroxy groups. In this case, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is saturated. In α-linolenic acid (n-3), however, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is unsaturated. It seems that enzymes of strain ALA2 oxidized the C-12-C-13 and C-16-C-17 double bonds into dihydroxy groups first and then converted them to hydroxy-THFAs.

scholarly journals Antifungal Hydroxy Fatty Acids Produced during Sourdough Fermentation: Microbial and Enzymatic Pathways, and Antifungal Activity in Bread

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1866-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna A. Black ◽  
Emanuele Zannini ◽  
Jonathan M. Curtis ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTLactobacilli convert linoleic acid to hydroxy fatty acids; however, this conversion has not been demonstrated in food fermentations and it remains unknown whether hydroxy fatty acids produced by lactobacilli have antifungal activity. This study aimed to determine whether lactobacilli convert linoleic acid to metabolites with antifungal activity and to assess whether this conversion can be employed to delay fungal growth on bread. Aqueous and organic extracts from seven strains of lactobacilli grown in modified De Man Rogosa Sharpe medium or sourdough were assayed for antifungal activity.Lactobacillus hammesiiexhibited increased antifungal activity upon the addition of linoleic acid as a substrate. Bioassay-guided fractionation attributed the antifungal activity ofL. hammesiito a monohydroxy C18:1fatty acid. Comparison of its antifungal activity to those of other hydroxy fatty acids revealed that the monohydroxy fraction fromL. hammesiiand coriolic (13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic) acid were the most active, with MICs of 0.1 to 0.7 g liter−1. Ricinoleic (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic) acid was active at a MIC of 2.4 g liter−1.L. hammesiiaccumulated the monohydroxy C18:1fatty acid in sourdough to a concentration of 0.73 ± 0.03 g liter−1(mean ± standard deviation). Generation of hydroxy fatty acids in sourdough also occurred through enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid to coriolic acid. The use of 20% sourdough fermented withL. hammesiior the use of 0.15% coriolic acid in bread making increased the mold-free shelf life by 2 to 3 days or from 2 to more than 6 days, respectively. In conclusion,L. hammesiiconverts linoleic acid in sourdough and the resulting monohydroxy octadecenoic acid exerts antifungal activity in bread.

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