A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of Triticale and its parental species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dedio ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Wheat Parent

The phenolics of young leaves from a hexaploid and three octaploid Triticale lines, and their rye and wheat parents were investigated by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Matching coefficients, coefficients of similarity, biochemical distances, and correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the degree of similarity of phenolics between the different groups. Chromatographic patterns and the calculated similarity measures showed a close relationship of phenolics between Triticale and its wheat parent. These patterns were even more closely related if the wheat parent was hexaploid. Two wheat varieties (Prelude and Kharkov) had identical chromatographic patterns while the variety Chinese Spring showed a reduced number of spots. The pattern of Stewart, a durum wheat variety, was intermediate between Chinese Spring and Prelude or Kharkov. Generally, the number of flavonoid compounds increased with the level of ploidy but did not increase proportionally with the number of genomes.

Chromosome location of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in wheat, rye, and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aniol ◽  
J. P. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

'Chinese Spring' wheat nullisomic–tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines were used for the identification of Aluminum-tolerance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Rye additions and substitutions in different wheat varieties were used for the identification of aluminum-tolerance genes in rye (Secale cereale L.). The point where concentrations of aluminum caused irreversible damage to the root apical meristems on exposure for 24 h at 25 °C was the measure of aluminum tolerance. Genes for aluminum tolerance in the medium-tolerant wheat variety 'Chinese Spring' were found to be localized in chromosome arms 6AL, 7AS, 2DL, 3DL, 4DL, and 4BL, and on chromosome 7D. Major genes for tolerance in rye seem to be located on 3R and 6RS, with other genes on 4R. The expression of aluminum-tolerance genes located on rye chromosomes incorporated into sensitive wheat was often suppressed by the action of unknown genes in the wheat background.Key words: Triticum, Secale, aluminum tolerance, additive effects, polygenes.

A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the genus Aegilops. II. Numerical chemotaxonomy of the polyploid species

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1781-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
W. Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

Based upon a thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of young leaves of the species of the genus Aegilops, in which affinities both within and among diploid and polyploid groups were compared, the following conclusions were drawn. No new compounds were found in the polyploid Aegilops species. A. ovata must have arisen from A. umbellulata and A. comosa. A. columnaris probably contains genetic material derived from members of the Sitopsis section. A. biuncialis contains parts of the genome of A. comosa and parts from some member of the Sitopsis section. A. variabilis contains an S or modified S genome. A. triuncialis contains the C and Cu genomes. A. cylindrica contains the genomes C and D. A. crassa(4x) has an S genome in its constitution. A. ventricosa seems to contain parts of the A. caudata genome. A. crassa (6x) contains one D genome, probably from A. squarrosa, one from A. bicornis, and the third genome appears to contain parts from the M and S genomes. A. juvenalis and A. triaristata (6x) contain a modified S genome.The present study supports the hypothesis that extensive natural hybridization and introgression has taken place during the evolution of the polyploid species.

A thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the genus Aegilops. I. Numerical chemotaxonomy of the diploid species

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1775-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
W. Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of young leaves provided the means for a numerical chemotaxonomic study of the diploid species of the genus Aegilops L. A great amount of variation in types and concentration of these compounds was found within A. squarrosa. Var. anathera, typica, and meyeri, of the ssp. eusquarrosa, were more related to ssp. strangulata than to each other. However, since the subspecies are morphologically distinct, their present taxonomic position should be retained. A. comosa was distinguishable from all other species by the presence of a violet fluorescing compound, while A. mutica was distinct from the others by the presence of a blue and a yellow fluorescing compound. Members of the Sitopsis section exhibited a high degree of similarity in composition of phenolic compounds. Based on phenolic contrast, A. umbellulata should be placed in a section apart from A. caudata while the rest of the diploid species should remain as presently classified. All Aegilops species were distinctly different from T. aegilopoides and T. monococcum and should be retained as separate generic entities.

scholarly journals The Effects of Plant Breeders’ Rights on Wheat Productivity and Varietal Improvement in South African Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Charity Ruramai Nhemachena ◽  
Johann F. Kirsten ◽  
Binganidzo Muchara
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
South African ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Protection Index ◽  
Plant Breeders Rights

The strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant varieties provide incentives for breeding companies to invest more resources in plant breeding. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the effects of strengthening the wheat variety intellectual protection on wheat productivity and the release of new varieties. The strength of IPR systems was measured using an intellectual property (IP) protection index, and plant breeders’ rights (PBRs) granted for wheat varieties. The empirical analyses were based on correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that strengthening IPR systems in South Africa contribute to improving wheat productivity and increasing the number of wheat varieties released. Furthermore, although the robust coefficients of the other IPR variables are positive, they are statistically insignificant for all scenarios. There is a need for more incentives beyond granting PBRs and strengthening of IPR systems to be provided in the whole wheat sector to stimulate increased investments and the release of new varieties.

scholarly journals Socio-economic assessment of wheat variety Shatabdi in some selected areas of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
M Elahi Baksh ◽  
Md Jahangir Kabir ◽  
Kalpona Kispatta
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Farmer Selection ◽  
Yield Difference

 The survey was conducted in two villages under Dinajpur and Thakurgaon Districts during March 2004 to assess the socioeconomic aspects of Shatabdi wheat variety adoption at farm level. Stratified random sampling technique was followed for farmer selection. All categories of farmers expected wheat varieties having high yielding potentialities with less disease and pest infestation, more heat tolerant, and bold grain with golden colour. New wheat variety Shatabdi is able to meet the maximum expected characters. Old variety Kanchan was more disease susceptible and new one was free from disease. A significant yield difference was found between new and old verities (Shatabdi yielded 3l% to 43% higher compared to Kanchan over the locations and farmers group). Gross margin (return over variable cost) of Shatabdi also higher compared to Kanchan. By cultivating new variety, farmers earned additional gross margin of Tk. 6446 to Tk. 8353 per hectare in Jagdal and Tk. 6097 to Tk. 9314 per hectare in Daulatpur over Kanchan. Cent percent farmers over the locations said that their income was increased by cultivating Shatabdi compared to old variety Kanchan. The non-adopter farmers wanted new variety seeds. All groups of farmers wanted training/video show for up-dating their technical know how. Key Words: New vs old varieties; profitability level; farmers' adoption. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5792Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 215-226, June 2009

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Dosage Forms by First-Derivative Spectroscopy and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh A Shah ◽  
Ishwarsinh S Rathod ◽  
Bhanubhai N Suhagia ◽  
Shrinivas S Savale ◽  
Jignesh B Patel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Derivative Spectroscopy ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hptlc Method

Abstract Losartan (LST) is the first orally active nonpeptide angiotensin-II receptor antagonist with an improved safety and tolerability profile. It is prescribed alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hypertension. This paper describes the development of 2 methods that use different techniques, first-derivative spectroscopy and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), to determine LST and HCTZ in the presence of each other. LST and HCTZ in combined preparations were quantitated by using the first-derivative responses at 271.6 nm for LST and 335.0 nm for HCTZ in spectra of their solutions in water. The linearity ranges are 30–70 μg/mL for LST and 7.5–17.5 μg/mL for HCTZ with correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997, respectively. In the HPTLC method, a mobile phase of chloroform–methanol–acetone–formic acid (7.5 + 1.5 + 0.5 + 0.03, v/v) and a prewashed Silica Gel G60 F254 TLC plate as the stationary phase were used to resolve LST and HCTZ in a mixture. Two well-separated and sharp peaks for LST and HCTZ were obtained at Rf values of 0.61 ± 0.02 and 0.41 ± 0.02, respectively. LST and HCTZ were quantitated at 254.0 nm. The linearity ranges obtained for the HPTLC method are 400–1200 and 100–300 ng/spot with corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.9979, for LST and HCTZ, respectively. Both methods were validated, and the results were compared statistically. They were found to be accurate, specific, and reproducible. The methods were successfully applied to the estimation of LST and HCTZ in combined tablet formulations.

scholarly journals Genotypic variability for salt stress tolerance among wild and cultivated wheat germplasms at an early development stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Imen Klay ◽  
Leila Riahi ◽  
Hajer Slim Amara ◽  
Abderrazak Daaloul
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the variability of salt tolerance potentials among nine wheat genotypes representing wild and cultivated species namely Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, Triticum aestivum and Aegilops geniculata. Ionomic and photosynthetic traits were used for the screening of the studied samples when faced with four salinity levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) under green house conditions at the seedling stage. The investigated genotypes exhibited different levels of salt stress tolerance. Ionomic and photosynthetic traits underline the distinctiveness of the common wheat varieties which highlighted particular performances under salt stress conditions and showed higher tolerance potentials among the studied genotypes. Interestingly, the Vaga variety showed more ability to maintain higher K+/Na+ ratios and Pq coefficients compared with the control conditions and stable Fv/F0 and Fv/Fm ratios. Stable behaviour was exhibited by wild Aegilops accessions while durum wheat varieties have been shown to be more sensitive to salt stress. Further investigations were required for the common wheat variety Vaga, which could be useful for successful breeding and biotechnological improvement strategies concerning wheat species.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Estimation of Metoprolol Succinate and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Thin-Layer Chromatographic-Densitometric Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil L. Baldania ◽  
Ankit B. Parmar ◽  
Kashyap K. Bhatt ◽  
Dimal A. Shah ◽  
Usmangani K. Chhalotiya
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Olmesartan Medoxomil ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Metoprolol Succinate ◽  
Tlc Plates

A new, simple, accurate, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method is described for simultaneous analysis of metoprolol succinate and olmesartan medoxomil in pharmaceutical formulations. The separations were achieved on prepared TLC plates precoated with silica gel G 60 F254 and the plates were developed with methanol-ethyl acetate-toluene-glacial acetic acid 2.5 : 3 : 4.5 : 0.3%v/v/vas mobile phase. Detection and evaluation of chromatograms were performed densitometrically at 224 nm. The retention factor of metoprolol succinate and olmesartan medoxomil was 0.25 and 0.70, respectively. The linear range was 1000–2250 ηg per spot for metoprolol succinate and 800–1800 ηg per spot for olmesartan medoxomil and the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.993 and 0.999, respectively. The method was validated for linearity and range, specificity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, and the results were found to be within the acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of drugs in their capsule dosage form.

FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN POLLEN QUARTETS OF COMMON WHEAT MONOSOMICS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morrison ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Common Wheat Variety

The frequency with which 20 different monosomes of the common wheat variety, Chinese Spring, formed micronuclei in pollen quartets was determined. It was found that unless the study was made at an early developmental stage characterized by a distinct cell wall surrounding the quartets, the counts were unreliable, because some micronuclei were lost. The frequency of micronucleus formation was similar for anthers of a floret, florets of a spike, and plants of a monosome. Among the monosomes studied, there were three groups of three and four of two in which the total frequency of quartets with micronuclei, and the distribution of numbers of micronuclei per quartet, were strikingly similar. In the case of the groups of three, two monosomes were from the A and B genomes while one was from the D genome. This is interpreted as evidence of homoeology of chromosomes of a group and also that such chromosomes have undergone less change than those that do not form such series.

STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN CEREALS: II. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUGAR CONTENT AND REACTION TO STEM RUST OF MATURE AND IMMATURE TISSUES OF THE WHEAT PLANT

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Johnson ◽  
O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In Part I of these studies it has been shown that the rapidly growing tissues of the wheat plant are more susceptible to stem rust than the older tissues. An attempt was made to discover if a physiological or chemical basis could be found for the difference in reaction of the young and older tissues.Analyses were made to determine the sugar content of young (susceptible) and older (resistant) tissues of four wheat varieties resistant in the adult stage and of the corresponding plant parts of three wheat varieties which in the adult stage showed little or no resistance to rust. The young tissues comprised the young leaves still enfolded by the uppermost sheaths and the young stems below the uppermost node; the older tissues were represented by the fully developed upper leaves and their adherent sheaths. The analyses showed a considerably higher content of sugars in the young than in the older tissues of the seven varieties tested. The difference was particularly great in the content of reducing sugars but rather slight in the disaccharide content (expressed as invert sugar). However, as all the varieties, irrespective of resistance or susceptibility to rust in the adult stage, showed much the same difference in the sugar content of their young and older tissues, it does not seem likely that there is any direct relation between sugar content and reaction to rust.

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