Nitrogen metabolism of Picea glauca. II. Diurnal changes of free amino acids, amides, and guanidino compounds in roots, buds, and leaves during the onset of dormancy of white spruce saplings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Guanidino Compounds

In late August during the onset of dormancy in spruce, seasonal levels of soluble nitrogen, rich in arginine, were high. On a fresh weight basis, diurnal levels of total soluble nitrogen and most component amino acids in roots, buds, and leaves showed maxima, one at sunrise and another in the afternoon or near sunset.Arginine and glutamine in the different plant parts contributed 44 to 83% to the alcohol-soluble nitrogen. In buds and leaves, percentage of arginine remained high and decreased slightly at midday, whereas in roots a continual drop occurred. In all organs examined, changes in glutamine reflected the double maxima of total soluble nitrogen and were greatest in roots.On a fresh weight basis, most amino acids accumulated at sunrise and near sunset; however a few especially in leaves, increased at midday, e.g. glutamic and aspartic acid, lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serine.Comparison of levels of free guanidino compounds in different organs showed remarkable out-of-phase patterns. Levels of these compounds are known from 14C-arginine studies to be closely related to the metabolism of arginine.

Nitrogen metabolism of Picea glauca. III. Diurnal changes of amino acids, amides, protein, and chlorophyll in leaves of expanding buds

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Diurnal Patterns

In spring, buds of spruce shoots under moisture stress contracted during the day and expanded at night. Increased water supply to roots removed the shrinkage of buds and stimulated rapid expansion. In leaves of buds about to break and under moisture stress, the alcohol-soluble nitrogen, high in arginine content, was maximal at midday, after midnight, and again at noon the next day. As a percentage of the soluble nitrogen, all compounds, except arginine, contributed most at sunset and again at sunrise. Other prominent amino acids included proline, alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and the amides glutamine and asparagine. Except for the amides, these and other compounds, present at lower levels, gave diurnal patterns similar on a fresh weight basis to arginine. Values for protein nitrogen were greatest at 2 p.m. followed by an increase of asparagine nitrogen, and again at 4 a.m., followed by an increase of glutamine nitrogen. At night the composition of newly synthesized protein increased significantly in aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, and isoleucine. Chlorophyll a increased from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m., whereas chlorophyll b was present at lower levels and showed little diurnal variation.

Nitrogen metabolism of Picea glauca. IV. Metabolism of uniformly labelled 14C-L-arginine, [carbamyl-14C]-L-citrulline, and [l,2,3,4-14C]-γ-guanidinobutyric acid during diurnal changes in the soluble and protein nitrogen associated with the onset of expansion of spruce buds

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pool Sizes

In spring as white spruce buds started to expand, seasonal levels of proline were high and pool sizes of most free amino acids were maximal at sunset and sunrise. Uniformly labelled 14C-L-arginine, applied to buds at sunrise, was converted to citrulline via ornithine. [Carbamyl-14C]-L-citrulline was metabolized to argininosuccinate, arginine, and urea. These reactions indicated the presence at low levels of the Krebs–Henseleit or ornithine cycle. No convincing urease activity could be extracted or detected histochemically. Urease, added to extracts of buds exposed to radioactive L-arginine or L-citrulline, released 14CO2 confirming the presence of 14C-urea. L-Arginine was converted readily to ornithine, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, and proline. The appearance of 14C in monosubstituted guanidines, e.g. γ-guanidinobutyric acid and others, which remained unidentified but proven not to be homoarginine, agmatine, argininic acid, nor γ-guanidinobutyramide, accounted more readily for the metabolism of arginine than did the ornithine cycle alone. L-Citrulline was metabolized via arginine to γ-guanidinobutyric acid and to several unidentified compounds that were not amino acids or related to monosubstituted guanidines. 14C-γ-Aminobutyric acid, a product of arginine degradation, was also derived from [l,2,3,4-14C]-γ-guanidinobutyric acid suggesting the presence of a heteroarginase. γ-Guanidinobutyric acid was translocated down the shoot with little distribution of 14C into other compounds.14C from arginine and citrulline and to a much lesser extent from γ-guanidinobutyric acid was recovered in the protein fraction mainly as arginine, glutamic acid, and proline. Maximal incorporation of 14C into protein was reached at or near midnight, then rapidly fell to noon of the following day. Incorporation of 14C into bud protein was out of phase with levels of total protein N and in phase with an increase of radioactivity in compounds of the anionic and neutral fraction, reflecting dramatically the complexity of the nitrogen metabolism of buds awakening from winter dormancy.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: I. ACCUMULATION PRODUCTS IN THE RHODOPHYCEAE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Majak ◽  
J. S. Craigie ◽  
J. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis

Photosynthesis in 14CO2 was observed in 12 algal species from six rhodophycean orders. Rates of CO2 uptake ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 mg h−1 × g−1 on a fresh weight basis. Excretion of new photosynthate was not important in macrophytes whereas 4.4% of the 14C fixed by Porphyridium sp. was excreted in 2 hours.Members of the Ceramiales could be distinguished by their relatively large accumulation of 14C in the alcohol-insoluble fraction.In most species, alanine, glutamic and aspartic acids, serine, and glycine were the most radioactive soluble amino acids. The chief soluble radioactive carbohydrate was floridoside except in the Ceramiales, in which it was low or absent. Batrachospermum, which contained 14C-trehalose, also lacked floridoside. 14C-Mannitol was recorded in nine species and 14C-glucose in two others. Several unknown substances were detected on chromatograms.

Effects of Sc-0224 and Glyphosate On Free Amino Acids, Soluble Protein, and Protein Synthesis in Inflated Duckweed (Lemna Gibba)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Cooley ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis

Effects of the herbicides SC-0224 and glyphosate on the pool levels of free amino acids, soluble protein, and protein synthesis in inflated duckweed were compared. SC-0224 caused larger increases than glyphosate in the pool levels of amino acids; the increases caused by SC-0224 were similar, however, to those caused by trimethylsulfonium iodide (TMS-I). Expressed on a per gram fresh weight basis, none of the treatments changed soluble protein or the incorporation of14C-leucine into soluble protein. On a per flask basis (allowing for decreased growth in treated flasks), both herbicides and TMS-I decreased soluble protein and14C-leucine incorporation. Decreases in soluble protein and14C-leucine incorporation were equal for SC-0224 and TMS-I but larger than for glyphosate. These data indicate that differences in the phytotoxicity of SC-0224 and glyphosate may be due to the action of the trimethylsulfonium portion of the SC-0224 structure.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

A comparison of preharvest and postharvest ethylene production and respiration rates of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Suzy Y Rogiers ◽  
N Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Maturity Class

Changes in respiration and ethylene production rates of nine maturity classes of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.) fruit after harvest were compared with those of fruit maturing and ripening on the plant. During ripening on the plant, ethylene production increased on a whole-fruit and fresh-weight basis, while respiration increased substantially on a whole-fruit basis but remained constant on a fresh-weight basis. Fruit harvested at the greenish yellow to pink stages (maturity classes four and five, respectively) increased their ethylene production until 15-20 h after harvest, and this was coincident with ripening to maturity class seven and thus a color change to red. Ethylene production then declined over the next 15 h. Respiration rates of harvested immature, mature, and ripe fruits declined over 5 days, except for a relatively brief 8-12% rise starting 15-20 h after harvest. This brief increase in respiration was characteristic of fruit of all maturity classes, likely reflecting a wound response associated with harvest rather than a ripening-induced change in metabolism. Continuous treatment of attached or detached fruit with propylene or ethylene in an open airflow system did not induce an increase in respiration earlier, relative to control fruit. The respiratory response of saskatoon fruit during postharvest ripening was thus very different from that of fruit that ripened on the plant. Thus, the increase in respiration associated with ripening could only be demonstrated on a whole-fruit basis if fruit remained on the plant. Preharvest and postharvest changes in ethylene production during ripening also differed but were both consistent with climacteric ripening.Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, ethylene, ripening, saskatoon fruit.

scholarly journals Macro and Micro Elemental Analysis of Anethum Sowa L. (Dill) Stem By X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moshfekus Saleh-e-in ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
M Abul Hossain ◽  
Mainul Ahsan ◽  
Sudhangshu Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Anethum Sowa ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Anethum sowa L. (Dill) stem portions were analyzed for its macro and micro elemental concentration by XRF spectrometry collected from different places of Bangladesh. The plants were collected when those were 35 cm in height i.e. within 40-45 days of sowing. Results of proximate analyses showed that the stem parts contained highest level of moisture (93.67), ash (1.62) and dry matter (30.77%) on fresh weight basis (g/100g). The highest level of mineral contents were Ca(478.50±6.22), K(336.65±3.26), Cl(153.92±3.26), Na(114.86±1.38), S(96.65±1.76), Mg(63.96±1.15), P(49.41±0.74), Al(41.75±0.71), Fe(34.57±1.33), Si(31.03±0.18), Ni (11.98±0.22) and Ti (3.75±0.28) in mg/100g on fresh weight basis. Cu, Sr, Rb, Zn, Ba and Zr were present in small amount and Y, Cu and Mn were present in trace amount. However, the toxic elements like Co, Pb, As and Hg were not found in the present study. Presence of higher amounts of mineral contents in the stem parts could potentially be consumed as supplement as human diets or livestock feed as well as pharmaceutical preparation. Key words: Anethum sowa L., XRF spectrometry, Dill, Condiment, Macro and micro elements, Elemental composition.     doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2238   Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 483-494, 2008

THE NITROGEN METABOLISM OF PICEA GLAUCA (MOENCH) VOSS AND PINUS BANKSIANA LAMB. AS INFLUENCED BY MINERAL NUTRITION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
F. C. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Guanidino Compounds ◽  
Low Potassium

White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown in sand cultures by Swan (who reported on their growth in 1960) and they were irrigated with full nutrient solution high in sodium, or solutions deficient in each of several nutrients. Responses characteristic of the following six treatments were studied: full nutrient but with low sodium; nitrate or ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen; low nitrogen; low phosphorus; and low potassium. When shoot elongation had ceased, extracts of seedling parts (leaves, stems with buds, and roots) were examined by paper-chromatographic methods for free nitrogenous compounds.In leaves, the relative proportions of nitrogenous compounds in spruce and pine differed from those in the stems and roots. Nutrient deficiency and the form of nitrogen available affected both the total amount and relative composition of the soluble nitrogen. Under better mineral nutrient conditions, arginine accumulated while amide (glutamine) remained low. The accumulation of a number of compounds resulting from nutritional deficiency, for example glutamine, with low potassium, indicated that blocks occurred in metabolic pathways. Ammonium nitrogen was shown to foster arginine and amides (especially in spruce) and to lead to a large increase of free guanidino compounds which hitherto have passed unnoticed. By contrast, in leaves nourished by nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen, guanidino compounds were less prominent. Under the conditions of reduced growth and protein synthesis brought about by specified nutrient deficiencies, many unidentified compounds, which were not known intermediates of the ornithine or urea cycle, appeared.The present study dealt with observations made at one season of the year (late summer) and does not preclude the occurrence of somewhat different responses which might have been observed at other times of the year.

Distribution of amylase and chymotrypsin in four regions of the rat pancreas

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 884-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien R. Beaudoin ◽  
Pierre St-Jean ◽  
Ginette Girard
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Rat Pancreas

Recent observations have confirmed the existence of more than one pool of secretory proteins in the rat pancreatic tissue. To determine if these different pools could be located in the different regions of the rat pancreas, the amylase and chymotrypsin contents have been measured in the biliary, duodenal, gastric, and splenic regions. On a tissue DNA content, protein content, or a fresh weight basis, the proportions of these two enzymes are comparable in the four regions. It is therefore postulated that heterogeneity of enzyme composition exists either within these regions or within the acinar cell itself.

Influence of different mixing ratios on in-vessel co-composting of sewage sludge with horse stable straw bedding waste: maturity and process evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. C. Wong ◽  
Ammaiyappan Selvam ◽  
Zhenyong Zhao ◽  
S. M. Yu ◽  
Alex C. W. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Decomposition Efficiency

Composting sewage sludge alone would reduce the decomposition efficiency due to free limited porosity in sludge. To alleviate this, the use of horse stable straw bedding waste (HSB) was evaluated as a co-composting material with sewage sludge in a 10 tonnes day−1 in-vessel composter for a period of 7 days before curing in a static aeration pile. Sludge was mixed with HSB at 1 : 1.5 (HSL) and 1 : 2.9 (LSL) on a fresh weight basis. After a composting period of 56 days, both mixing ratios demonstrated to be feasible with LSL having a better organic decomposition and a shorter time to reach maturity. The overall decomposition rates were 52.0 and 58.9% (dry weight basis) for HSL and LSL, respectively. In both treatments, temperature in the in-vessel composters could reach 65°C, which was sufficient to remove the pathogens. Although both products were free of pathogens, HSL exhibited a higher ammoniacal nitrogen contents but a lower seed germination index than that of LSL indicating a higher phytotoxicity and a longer curing period would be required. It can be concluded that HSB provided a better composting conditions at a mixing ratio of 1 : 2.9

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document