INCORPORATION OF SERINE-14C AND ETHANOLAMINE-14C INTO NITROGEN-CONTAINING PHOSPHATIDES AND EFFECTS OF MEDIUM CONTAINING ETHANOLAMINE ON PHOSPHATIDE BIOSYNTHESIS IN EXCISED TOMATO ROOTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1863-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Willemot ◽  
W. G. Boll
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Presence And Absence

Work was designed to study the decarboxylation of serine and biosynthesis of ethanolamine as part of an investigation into the replacement of vitamin B6by ethanolamine in the nutrition of excised tomato roots in sterile culture. A working hypothesis to explain the replacement involves repression, by ethanolamine, of a postulated vitamin B6dependent serine decarboxylase yielding ethanolamine.Evidence is presented, from studies using uniformly labelled serine-14C, serine-1-14C, serine-3-14C, and ethanolamine-1,2-14C (i) for the incorporation of serine and ethanolamine into the corresponding phosphatides, (ii) for the occurrence of a pathway whereby phosphatidyl serine is decarboxylated to phosphatidyl ethanolamine, which is further methylated to phosphatidyl choline, and (iii) for the existence of more than one molecular species of phosphatidyl ethanolamine.Experiments are reported in which uniformly labelled serine-14C was supplied in the presence and absence of the inhibitors ethionine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, or diethylethanolamine. The results suggest that in the excised tomato root a pathway of choline biosynthesis other than the phosphatide pathway may exist.Some evidence is given that the replacement of vitamin B6by ethanolamine decreases the decarboxylation of phosphatidyl serine.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

The phospholipids of Hansenula wingei, mating type 21

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1573
Author(s):  
J. C. Wirth ◽  
A. R. Magliulo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Hansenula Wingei ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Cellulose Column ◽  
Choline Phosphatidyl

The phospholipid fraction of the yeast H. wingei was studied by a combination of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were identified. The absence of phosphoinositide was noted. An unknown acidic phospholipid accounts for less than 1% of the total phosphorus. A cerebroside or cerebroside-like compound was provisionally identified.

THE LIVER PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Choline Phosphatidyl ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the individual phospholipids in the livers of chick embryos on the 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, and 21st days of incubation were compared with the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the individual yolk phospholipids. The liver phospholipids contained higher proportions of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and diphosphatidyl glycerol, and lower proportions of phosphatidyl choline, than did the yolk phospholipids. There was a constant increment (0.96 mg/day) of phosphatidyl choline in the liver during the period of incubation studied. The phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine of the liver generally contained higher concentrations of stearic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids, and lower concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids than did these phospholipid fractions in the yolk. The fatty acid compositions of the sphingomyelin in the liver and yolk were similar. The most pronounced changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipids during embryonic development were observed in the phosphatidyl choline fraction. These changes suggested that the α-palmitoyl-β-arachidonyl phosphatidyl choline in the liver was gradually replaced by α-stearoyl-β-linoleoyl phosphatidyl choline and a-stearoyl-β-docosahexaenoyl phosphatidyl choline.

CHANGED RESPONSE OF EXCISED TOMATO ROOTS TO PYRIDOXIN DEFICIENCY FOLLOWING PROLONGED STERILE CULTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Willemot ◽  
W. G. Boll
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Cellular Control

A clone of excised tomato roots, selected originally for its marked requirement for vitamin B6, has been maintained in continuous culture in pyridoxin-containing medium since 1956. Growth in pyridoxin-free medium is now considerably greater than when the clone was originally isolated. A subclone of this clone was isolated in 1957 and maintained in medium in which pyridoxin was replaced with ethanolamine. This subclone does not show the change in response to pyridoxin deficiency. Because of this and other evidence it is concluded that the change occurs because of a change in the clone and is not an artefact due to faulty technique.The result is discussed in relation to (a) other reported changes in tissue cultures including the phenomenon of "adaptation" (accoutumance) to indole acetic acid, (b) the cellular control of metabolism.

Dietary fatty acids and the plasma phospholipids of the lactating cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SummaryCows were given either a low-fat concentrate mixture or a concentrate mixture that contained 5 or 10% ‘stearic acid’ (85% pure) or 10% ‘palmitic acid’ (85% pure). The concentrate mixtures were given with a high roughage diet that supplied 4·4 kg of hay and 2·7 kg of sugar-beet pulp/day. Blood samples were taken from the cows on each dietary treatment and the plasma phospholipids were analysed.Phosphatidyl choline accounted for 70% of the plasma phospholipids when the cows were given the low-fat diet and about 86% of the plasma phospholipids when the cows were given the diets supplemented with the fatty acids. The inclusion of the fatty acids in the concentrate mixtures decreased the relative proportions of the plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidyl choline but the relative proportion of the plasma phosphatidyl serine remained unchanged.When the diet was supplemented with stearic acid the concentrations of 18:0 and 16:0 in the phosphatidyl choline were unaltered but the concentration of 18:1 was increased and the concentration of 18:2 was decreased. When the diet was supplemented with palmitic acid the concentrations of 16:0 and 18:1 in the phosphatidyl choline were increased and the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:2 were decreased. In contrast, the inclusion of stearic acid in the diet increased the concentration of 18:0 in the phosphatidyl serine and decreased the concentration of 16:0; the concentrations of 18:1 and 18:2 were unchanged. The fatty acid composition of the plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine was unaffected by dietary treatment. The effects of diet on the fatty acid compositions of the phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline were similar. Supplementation of the diet with stearic acid increased the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:1 in the plasma sphingomyelin and decreased the concentrations of 16:0 and 18:2. The addition of palmitic acid to the diet increased the concentration of 16:0 in the sphingomyelin but it decreased the concentrations of the other constituent fatty acids.

scholarly journals Dietary linoleic acid and the plasma phospholipids of the rabbit

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Lysophosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Palmitic Acid Content ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. Groups of rabbits were given diets containing different proportions of butterfat and maize oil. After the animals had been given the experimental diets for 40 weeks the plasma phospho- lipids were fractionated and the fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined.2. Phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline accounted for about 75 and 12% respectively of the total plasma phospholipids: phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl serine accounted for only about 5.3, 5.0 and 2.6% respectively. Changes in the linoleic acid content of the diet had little effect on the relative proportions of the individual plasma phospholipids, but there was an over-all decrease in the concentration of total phospholipids in the plasma as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased from 0.25 to 10.6%.3. When the diet contained 0.25 % linoleic acid, the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline (1.3) was similar to that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine (1.2), but as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased to 10.6% the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased to 48, whereas that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased only to 2.2. Increases in the linoleic acid content of the diet resulted also in increases in the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratios in the phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline and sp hingomyelin.4. When the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased, the stearic acid:palmitic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased, whereas it decreased in the phosphatidyl ethanol- amine and remained relatively unaltered in the phosphatidyl serine. The stearic acid contents of the lysophosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin were unaltered by dietary treatments, but the palmitic acid content of these two phospholipids decreased as the linoleic acid content of the diet increased.5. The results are discussed in terms of the metabolic relationships that exist between the various phospholipids.

Clotting Activity of Platelet Phospholipids in Rat and Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gautheron ◽  
E Dumont ◽  
S Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
Recalcification Time

SummaryThe clotting activity of man and rat platelet phospholipid fractions separated by bi-dimensional TLC, resuspended in Tyrode by sonication, was studied in the recalcification (manual) and in the Stypven (recalcification plus Russell’s viper venom) clotting time (determined in a coagulometer). Phosphatidyl serine was the most active fraction to shorten the two clotting tests utilized, in both rat and man, but it was much more effective in the Stypven time. The phosphatidyl ethanolamine was the second most active fraction, in the Stypven time; this fraction was almost as active as phosphatidyl serine in both animal species. The other fractions studied (phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin) were sligthly active or not active, depending on the experimental conditions.The clotting activity of platelet phosphatidyl serine from rat, at concentrations corresponding to platelet counts from 1 to 10 ( X105), was much smaller than this of the disrupted (sonicated) platelets from which it originated. However, the clotting activity of sonicated platelets could be completely reproduced, either at each concentration studied (Stypven time) or at a concentration corresponding to lOxlO5 platelets (recalcification time), by adding to phosphatidyl serine the other four phospholipid fractions (phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin) dispersed in a homogeneous way by sonication.The feeding of a butter-rich diet to rats considerably increased the activity of each of the platelet phospholipid fractions in the two clotting tests carried out.

METABOLISM OF THE YOLK PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Phospholipid Fraction ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

A study was made of the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the various phospholipids in the yolks of fertile unincubated eggs and in the yolks of eggs that had been incubated for 13,15,17,19, and 21 days. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine accounted for 69 and 24% respectively of the total phospholipids present in the yolk of the unincubated egg. The remaining 7% was accounted for by small amounts of phosphatidyl serine, sphingomyelin, and a phospholipid fraction that was tentatively identified as diphosphatidyl glycerol. Although the percentage of total phospholipids in the total yolk lipid did not vary during incubation, there was a pronounced increase in the phosphatidyl choline: phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio as incubation proceeded. The phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction was the only phospholipid fraction present in the yolk that showed any consistent change in fatty acid composition during incubation. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in the fatty acids of the yolk phosphatidyl ethanolamine decreased from 8% on day 0 to 1.6% on day 21. It is suggested that the developing embryo preferentially absorbs from the yolk a phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction that is relatively rich in docosahexaenoic acid.

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