METABOLISM OF THE YOLK PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Phospholipid Fraction ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

A study was made of the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the various phospholipids in the yolks of fertile unincubated eggs and in the yolks of eggs that had been incubated for 13,15,17,19, and 21 days. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine accounted for 69 and 24% respectively of the total phospholipids present in the yolk of the unincubated egg. The remaining 7% was accounted for by small amounts of phosphatidyl serine, sphingomyelin, and a phospholipid fraction that was tentatively identified as diphosphatidyl glycerol. Although the percentage of total phospholipids in the total yolk lipid did not vary during incubation, there was a pronounced increase in the phosphatidyl choline: phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio as incubation proceeded. The phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction was the only phospholipid fraction present in the yolk that showed any consistent change in fatty acid composition during incubation. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in the fatty acids of the yolk phosphatidyl ethanolamine decreased from 8% on day 0 to 1.6% on day 21. It is suggested that the developing embryo preferentially absorbs from the yolk a phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction that is relatively rich in docosahexaenoic acid.

THE LIVER PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Choline Phosphatidyl ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the individual phospholipids in the livers of chick embryos on the 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, and 21st days of incubation were compared with the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the individual yolk phospholipids. The liver phospholipids contained higher proportions of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and diphosphatidyl glycerol, and lower proportions of phosphatidyl choline, than did the yolk phospholipids. There was a constant increment (0.96 mg/day) of phosphatidyl choline in the liver during the period of incubation studied. The phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine of the liver generally contained higher concentrations of stearic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids, and lower concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids than did these phospholipid fractions in the yolk. The fatty acid compositions of the sphingomyelin in the liver and yolk were similar. The most pronounced changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipids during embryonic development were observed in the phosphatidyl choline fraction. These changes suggested that the α-palmitoyl-β-arachidonyl phosphatidyl choline in the liver was gradually replaced by α-stearoyl-β-linoleoyl phosphatidyl choline and a-stearoyl-β-docosahexaenoyl phosphatidyl choline.

Dietary fatty acids and the plasma phospholipids of the lactating cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SummaryCows were given either a low-fat concentrate mixture or a concentrate mixture that contained 5 or 10% ‘stearic acid’ (85% pure) or 10% ‘palmitic acid’ (85% pure). The concentrate mixtures were given with a high roughage diet that supplied 4·4 kg of hay and 2·7 kg of sugar-beet pulp/day. Blood samples were taken from the cows on each dietary treatment and the plasma phospholipids were analysed.Phosphatidyl choline accounted for 70% of the plasma phospholipids when the cows were given the low-fat diet and about 86% of the plasma phospholipids when the cows were given the diets supplemented with the fatty acids. The inclusion of the fatty acids in the concentrate mixtures decreased the relative proportions of the plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidyl choline but the relative proportion of the plasma phosphatidyl serine remained unchanged.When the diet was supplemented with stearic acid the concentrations of 18:0 and 16:0 in the phosphatidyl choline were unaltered but the concentration of 18:1 was increased and the concentration of 18:2 was decreased. When the diet was supplemented with palmitic acid the concentrations of 16:0 and 18:1 in the phosphatidyl choline were increased and the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:2 were decreased. In contrast, the inclusion of stearic acid in the diet increased the concentration of 18:0 in the phosphatidyl serine and decreased the concentration of 16:0; the concentrations of 18:1 and 18:2 were unchanged. The fatty acid composition of the plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine was unaffected by dietary treatment. The effects of diet on the fatty acid compositions of the phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline were similar. Supplementation of the diet with stearic acid increased the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:1 in the plasma sphingomyelin and decreased the concentrations of 16:0 and 18:2. The addition of palmitic acid to the diet increased the concentration of 16:0 in the sphingomyelin but it decreased the concentrations of the other constituent fatty acids.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid on In Vitro Thermogenesis and Fatty Acid Compositions of Brown Adipose Tissue.

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi OHINATA ◽  
Shyamal Kumar SAHA ◽  
Tomie OHNO ◽  
Noriaki HATA ◽  
Yoshihisa MISAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of a novel docosahexaenoic acid-producing marine bacterium

Lipids ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Watanabe ◽  
Chikako Ishikawa ◽  
Itsuko Ohtsuka ◽  
Masazumi Kamata ◽  
Miho Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

THE TRANSPORT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM THE YOLK TO THE YOLK-SAC MEMBRANE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Lysophosphatidyl Choline

A study was made of the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the various phospholipid fractions in the yolks and yolk-sac membranes at different stages in the development of the chick embryo. Phosphatidyl choline was the major component of both the yolk and membrane phospholipids. The composition of the yolk phospholipids was broadly similar to that of the membrane phospholipids. In both the yolk and membrane phospholipids, the proportions of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine tended to decrease, whereas the proportions of phosphatidyl serine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidyl choline tended to increase as incubation proceeded. The fatty acid composition of the yolk phosphatidyl choline did not change during incubation, but there was a progressive decrease in the palmitic acid: stearic acid ratio in the membrane phosphatidyl choline. The changes in the fatty acid composition of the yolk phosphatidyl ethanolamine indicated that there was a preferential absorption from the yolk of phosphatidyl ethanolamine with stearic acid in the α position and arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids in the β position. The lysophosphatidyl choline in the yolk and membrane evidently consisted of mixtures of the 1-acyl and 2-acyl isomers. There was no evidence that extensive breakdown and resynthesis of phospholipids occurred during the transport of lipids from the yolk to the yolk-sac membrane.

The phospholipids of Hansenula wingei, mating type 21

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1573
Author(s):  
J. C. Wirth ◽  
A. R. Magliulo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Hansenula Wingei ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Cellulose Column ◽  
Choline Phosphatidyl

The phospholipid fraction of the yeast H. wingei was studied by a combination of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were identified. The absence of phosphoinositide was noted. An unknown acidic phospholipid accounts for less than 1% of the total phosphorus. A cerebroside or cerebroside-like compound was provisionally identified.

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