NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE MICROFLORA OF A SLIME ACCUMULATION IN A PAPER MILL

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Eveleigh ◽  
D. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Absolute Requirement

The nutrition of microorganisms isolated from an accumulation of slime has been examined. A number of the fungi and bacteria had an absolute requirement for one or more vitamins. The growth rates of others were markedly stimulated by low concentrations of biotin. In general, both mono- and disaccharides were readily utilized by the isolates. Geotrichum candidum, Candida reukaufii, and Sporotrichum sp. were unable to utilize nitrate nitrogen and several bacteria required amino acids.

A natural auxotroph of a nematode-trapping fungus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3255-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zachariah ◽  
J. R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Absolute Requirement

The nutritional requirements of a unique predatory fungus are described. The strain of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was isolated from forest soil and has an absolute requirement for histidine and methionine with a partial requirement for several other amino acids. In common with many other fungi it requires glucose and one or more of the B vitamins.

Multiplication of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain in Water at Low Concentrations of Substrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van der Kooij ◽  
W. A. M. Hijnen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ks Values ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

A K.pneumoniae strain, isolated from a water treatment system, was tested in growth measurements for its ability to multiply at substrate concentrations of a few micrograms per liter. The organism multiplied on mixtures of carbohydrates and amino acids at a substrate concentration of 1 µg of C of each compound per liter. Tests with individual compounds revealed that especially carbohydrates were utilized at low concentrations. The Ks values obtained for maltose and maltopentaose were 53 µg of C/l and 114 µg of C per liter, respectively. The significance of the growth of K.pneumoniae at low substrate concentrations is discussed.

Calcium-binding proteins in a vorticellid contractile organelle

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
W.B. Amos ◽  
L.M. Routledge ◽  
F.F. Yew
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Binding Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Low Concentrations

The proteins of the contractile spasmoneme of Zoothamnium have been examined for comparison with other motile systems. Though capable of calcium-induced contraction, glycerinated preparations of the spasmoneme contain neither actin nor tubulin at levels that can be detected in polyacrylamide gels. Sixty per cent of the protein in sodium dodecyl sulphate gels migrates in a band at a molecular weight of approximately 20,000, consisting largely of 2 similar protein species which are here given the name of spasmins. The amino acid composition of 2 spasmin fractions has been determined by a fluorimetric method. They are rich in Asx, Glx and serine, but have few aromatic amino acids and no cystine or methionine. In calcium-buffered polyacrylamide gels, it was observed that a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the spasmins was induced specifically by calcium (but not magnesium) at the same low concentrations as induce contraction. This indicates that the spasmins are calcium-binding proteins which may be involved directly in the calcium-induced contraction of the spasmoneme.

scholarly journals Multivariate modeling strategies to predict nutritional requirements of essential amino acids in semiheavy second-cycle hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Morales-Suárez ◽  
Iván Camilo Ospina-Rojas ◽  
Jonh Jairo Méndez-Arteaga ◽  
Adriana Helena do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Henry Alexander Váquiro-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Multivariate Modeling

scholarly journals Gel Formation in Low Concentrated Solutions of Glycyram and Amino Acids in the Presence of Silver Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Low Concentrations

Abstract. Research relevance: low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels are unique objects that can solve many pressing problems in medicine, food industry and other sectors of the national economy. Research objectives: in recent past, it was discovered that low-concentration solutions of L-cysteine and silver nitrate (CSN) can form, when electrolyte solutions are added to hydrogels. We were faced with the task of obtaining hydrogels from dilute solutions of glycyram (GC) by adding CSN, since GC, due to its poor solubility, has low bioavailability. Materials and research methods: using the method of isomolar series, a comparative study of the formation of hydrogels by dilute GC solutions with the addition of CSN and GCP was carried out. It has been found that most durable hydrogels were obtained using CSN. Thus, GC hydrogels were obtained at a concentration of 10−3 M after adding CSN and GCP, which have a supramolecular character and combine the properties of GC, amino acids, and silver ions. Research results: glycyram hydrogels were obtained at its concentration equal to 10−3 M by mixing it with silver amino acids L-cysteine (CSN) and L-glutamic acid (GCP) solutions in same low concentrations. Conclusions: hydrogels with glycyram form silver solutions of those amino acids that are capable of giving frame structures at a ratio of amino acid: silver nitrate of 1.25.

scholarly journals Influence of mitochondria on phospholipid synthesis in preparations from rat liver

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Roberts ◽  
F. L. Bygrave
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Reconstituted System ◽  
Protein Incorporation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

1. The addition of mitochondria to an incubation system containing the soluble and microsomal fractions of rat liver enhances severalfold the incorporation of each of ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine and CDP-ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine. 2. In the presence of microsomal, mitochondrial and soluble fractions, CDP-ethanolamine exhibits the greatest initial rate of incorporation (approx. 6nmol/h per mg of protein), being slightly faster than that of phosphorylethanolamine (approx. 5nmol/h per mg of protein). Incorporation of ethanolamine proceeds very slowly for the first 20min and only after 30min gives rates approaching those of the other two precursors. 3. By using a substrate ‘dilution’ technique it was shown that in the reconstituted system the affinity of each of the enzymes for their respective substrates is very high: 10μm for ethanolamine, 25μm for phosphorylethanolamine and 5μm for CDP-ethanolamine. 4. Isolation of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from the medium after incubation together with phosphorylethanolamine showed that about 70% of the total radioactivity was present in the microsomal fraction and about 30% in the mitochondria after only 20min. Similar experiments with ethanolamine as precursor revealed that after 20min only about 15% of the total radioactivity was present in the mitochondria but that after 40min about 30% was present in this fraction. 5. Heating and phospholipase treatment of mitochondria, but not freeze-thawing, eliminated the stimulatory effect of mitochondria on phospholipid synthesis. 6. The reconstituted system exhibits an absolute requirement for Mg2+(2mm gave maximal rates) and is inhibited by very low concentrations of Ca2+(100μm-Ca2+produced half-maximal inhibition with 3mm-Mg2+). Further addition of Mg2+overcame the Ca2+inhibition, suggesting that the inhibitory effect is readily reversible. 7. The concept that modification of the Mg2+/Ca2+ratio is a means of controlling the rate of cellular phospholipid synthesis is introduced.

The autotrophic nutrition of symbiotic marine coelenterates with special reference to hermatypic corals. I. Movement of photosynthetic products between the symbionts

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1050) ◽  
pp. 111-129 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Hermatypic Corals ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Related Compounds

When symbiotic coelenterates, especially hermatypic corals, were incubated in the light in sea water containing NaH 14 CO 3 , small quantities of fixed 14 C were released from the tissues at a steady rate over 4 h. The rate of release was greatly increased in the presence of glycerol, glucose and alanine; the additional 14 C released was in the same substance as that added to the medium. The following related compounds had little or no effect on 14 C release : ethylene glycol, sorbose, fructose, glucosamine, glycine, proline, serine and glutamic acid. Such results have been previously reported in other symbiotic systems, and the substances causing the specific release of fixed 14 C are believed to be those which move from the autotrophic to the heterotrophic symbiont. This belief is supported here by previous observations that glycerol, glucose and alanine are among the most important organic substances released by freshly isolated zooxanthellae. Ammonium chloride increased the amount of fixed 14 C released by corals into alanine media, possibly due to conversion of ammonia to amino acids by zooxanthellae. Appreciable release of 14 C fixed in the dark also occurred into alanine solutions. These results suggest possible roles of zooxanthellae in supplying organic nitrogen compounds to the host cell at night as well as during the day. The involvement of zooxanthellae in ‘recycling’ nitrogen compounds within the association may help to explain the success of corals in seas poor in nutrients. There was substantial utilization of external glycerol and glucose when supplied at either high or low concentrations. Corals may well be able to utilize some of the small amounts of organic matter dissolved in sea water in the natural environment.

Functional Organization of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Dictates the Susceptibility of Target Cells to Arsenite-Induced Mitochondrial Superoxide Formation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guidarelli ◽  
Alessia Catalani ◽  
Ersilia Varone ◽  
Stefano Fumagalli ◽  
Ester Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Close Apposition ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Absolute Requirement

Abstract Arsenite induces many critical effects associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through different mechanisms. We focused on the Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) formation and addressed questions on the effects of low concentrations of arsenite on the mobilization of the cation from the endoplasmic reticulum and the resulting mitochondrial accumulation. Using various differentiated and undifferentiated cell types uniquely expressing the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), or both the IP3R and the ryanodine receptor (RyR), we determined that expression of this second Ca2+ channel is an absolute requirement for mitoO2-. formation and for the ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream apoptosis. In arsenite-treated cells, RyR was recruited after IP3R stimulation and agonist studies indicated that in these cells RyR is in close apposition with mitochondria. It was also interesting to observe that arsenite fails to promote mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitoO2-. formation, mitochondrial toxicity in RyR-devoid cells, in which the IP3R is in close contact with the mitochondria. We therefore conclude that low dose arsenite-induced mitoO2- formation and the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity, are prerequisite of cell types expressing the RyR in close apposition with mitochondria.

scholarly journals Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet activation by 5'-p- fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine: evidence for an adenosine diphosphate requirement and synergistic influence of prostaglandin endoperoxides

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Colman ◽  
WR Figures ◽  
LM Scearce ◽  
AM Strimpler ◽  
FX Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Absolute Requirement

Abstract The relative roles of platelet autacoids such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), prostaglandin endoperoxides, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in collagen-induced platelet activation are not fully understood. We reexamined this relationship using the ADP affinity analogue, 5'-p- fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA), which covalently modifies a receptor for ADP on the platelet surface, thereby inhibiting ADP- induced platelet activation. Collagen-induced shape change, aggregation, and fibrinogen binding were each fully inhibited under conditions in which FSBA is covalently incorporated and could not be overcome by raising the collagen used to supramaximal concentrations. In contrast, TXA2 synthesis stimulated by collagen under conditions that produced maximum aggregation was only minimally inhibited by FSBA. Since covalent incorporation of FSBA has been previously shown to specifically inhibit ADP-induced activation of platelets, the present study supports the contention that ADP is required for collagen-induced platelet activation. Under similar conditions, indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited collagen-induced shape change, indicating that endoperoxides and/or TXA2 also play a role in this response. Shape change induced by low concentrations (10 nmol/L) of the stable prostaglandin endoperoxide, azo-PGH2, was also inhibited by FSBA. These observations indicate a role for ADP in responses elicited by low concentrations of endoperoxides. However, at higher concentrations of azo-PGH2 (100 nmol/L), inhibition by FSBA could be overcome. Thus, the effect of collagen apparently has an absolute requirement for ADP for aggregation and fibrinogen binding and for both ADP and prostaglandins for shape change. Aggregation and fibrinogen binding induced by prostaglandin endoperoxides also required ADP as a mediator, but ADP is not absolutely required at high endoperoxide concentration to induce shape change.

Electrical Responses of the Olfactory Epithelium of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sutterlin ◽  
N. Sutterlin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Complex Solutions

Multiunit spike activity was recorded from the olfactory mucosa of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using metal-filled glass microelectrodes. A number of simple and complex solutions were tested for stimulatory effectiveness. Amino acids as a class of compounds were highly stimulatory; little or no response was obtained to a variety of simple sugars, n-aliphatic acids, alcohols, or amino-substituted alcohols. An increase in asynchronous spike activity was evoked by low concentrations of amino acids and oscillatory activity was evoked by higher concentrations of amino acids. Brief treatment of the epithelium with dilute solutions of HgCl2 blocked the chemosensitivity of the receptors.

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