GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN LEAF ABSCISSION AND THE ACTIVITY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING GROWTH REGULATORS IN PEACH

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Weaver ◽  
H. O. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Increased Activity

Leaf abscission in peach is correlated with the release of tryptophan into the cytoplasm following a sudden drop in air temperature below the physiological minimum. The tryptophan accumulates in the variety Elberta and results in increased activity levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and an unidentified neutral growth promoter. The rapid defoliation of the canker resistant variety Elberta was, however, associated more closely with the endogenous levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Susceptible Dixired variety, which defoliates slowly, contains lower activity levels of these compounds at the time of leaf abscission, and shows enhanced activity of kynurenic and xanthurenic acids throughout this same period. This suggests that tryptophan does not accumulate in Dixired to cause rapid abscission because of a greater genetic capacity for degradation by way of the kynurenine, hydroxyanthranilic, nicotinic acid pathway common in the metabolism of animals.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality Flower Production of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indicum L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Md Ehsanullah ◽  
Ahasan Ullah Khan ◽  
Md Kamruzzam ◽  
Sarah Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Minimum Number

A field study was conceded to assess the effect of plant growth regulators on growth and quality flower production of chrysanthemum at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with ten (10) treatments and three replications. The treatments of plant growth regulators concentration were T1-50 ppm GA3, T2-100 ppm GA3, T3-150 ppm GA3, T4-400 ppm CCC, T5-600 ppm CCC, T6-800 ppm CCC, T7-250 ppm MH, T8-500 ppm MH, T9-750 ppm MH and, T10-Control. The maximum spreading of plant (27.0 cm) was observed when plants were treated with GA3 @ 150 ppm where the minimum plant spread (16.8 cm) was recorded in plants treated with CCC @ 800 ppm. The higher number of suckers (33) per pot was produced when pots were treated with GA3 @ 150 ppm whereas, application of CCC at three different concentrations produced lower number of suckers.  The highest number of flower (40) was recorded with 150 ppm GA3, where minimum number of flowers (25) per pot in 800 ppm CCC. The plants sprayed with 50 ppm GA3 took 48 days to flower initiation, whereas, it took 70 days with 750 ppm MH. the highest plants recorded (7.40 cm) with 800 ppm CCC, whereas, lowest size (6.50 cm) was obtained with the application of 500 ppm MH. The maximum vase life of flowers was recorded for the treatment 800 ppm CCC (15 days), which was at par with 13 days vase life obtained by spraying 600 ppm CCC. Therefore, it is concluded that the GA3 acted as growth promoter and the CCC acted as growth retardants on yield and quality of chrysanthemum.

Family-based Physical Activity Is Associated With Increased Activity Levels Among Parents But Not Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Janice L. Thompson ◽  
Russell Jago ◽  
Kenneth R. Fox ◽  
Rowan Brockman ◽  
Kyle Macdonald-Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Increased Activity

Postpartum Psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Nikole Benders-Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Psychosis ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infant Hospitalization ◽  
Increased Activity

This chapter on postpartum psychosis notes that the risk of postpartum psychosis in the general population is very rare at less than 1%. In a mother with a known history of schizophrenia, this risk increases to 25%. Psychotic symptoms appearing postpartum may also be evidence of a bipolar disorder. The presence of elevated mood, increased activity levels and energy, poor sleep, and a family history of manic episodes all increase the likelihood that a bipolar disorder is present. Women with a personal or family history of a bipolar disorder are at an elevated risk of developing a mania or depression with psychotic symptoms postpartum. Postpartum psychosis due to any cause is a psychiatric emergency and treatment should be initiated early and aggressively to ensure the safety of mother and infant. Hospitalization and/or separation of the baby and mother may be necessary. The use of medication to treat schizophrenia or bipolar disorder during pregnancy may decrease the risk of a postpartum psychosis. With appropriate postpartum medication and support, the majority of women experiencing postpartum psychosis recover well and the risk of recurrent psychotic symptoms can be greatly reduced.

Increased activity of ovarian thecal cytochrome P45017α in the hamster induced by endogenous LH

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Johnson ◽  
Mitra Sen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract. The in vivo regulatory action of LH on the ovarian androgen synthesizing enzyme cytochrome P45017α (17α-hydroxylase/C17, 20-lyase) was studied in cyclic golden hamsters. Immunohistochemical studies using anti-porcine testicular cytochrome P45017α antibody indicated that the enzyme was limited to thecal cells. Transient removal of the negative feedback action of endogenous steroids by use of aminoglutethimide phosphate produced an increase in endogenous gonadotropins. A single dose (30 mg) of aminoglutethimide on days 1, 2 or 3 of the estrous cycle (day 1 = estrus), increased serum levels of LH, but only for about 12 h. Increases in enzyme activities, which persisted for at least 24 h, followed. Two doses of aminoglutethimide, 12 h apart, maintained elevated levels of serum LH for about 36 h, and enzyme activites for at least 48 h. However, when the drug was given after the pre-ovulatory surge of LH on proestrus, and again on the morning of estrus, neither serum LH nor enzyme activity levels increased within 24 h. Induced increases in enzyme activity had no effect upon ovulation rate, as determined by the number of oviductal eggs present on the morning of estrus. The results demonstrate clearly a close correlation between serum concentrations of LH and ovarian androgen synthesizing enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Neurological Populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Suzanne Kuys ◽  
Jennifer Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
The Continuum

The importance of physical activity to promote health is not new. However, the importance of physical activity in people with neurological conditions is increasingly being recognised. With many of the consequences of neurological conditions including difficulties with mobility, balance and strength; it stands to reason that optimising physical activity levels can result in many physical benefits. Physical activity can have many other flow-on effects with benefits seen in reduced mortality, and enhanced community participation and quality of life (Gordon et al., 2004). We are yet to understand the full extent to which physical activity contributes to rehabilitation outcomes; however, there is a growing body of research highlighting that the intensity of activity within rehabilitation environments is often inadequate for therapeutic gains (Kuys, Brauer, & Ada, 2006; McClanachan, Gesch, Wuthapanich, Fleming, & Kuys, 2013; Polese, Scianni, Kuys, Ada, & Teixeira-Salmela, 2014). It is not surprising therefore, that levels of physical activity continue to be poor following reintegration into the community (Morris, MacGillivray, & McFarlane, 2014). It is important that, as health care professionals, we support and encourage physical activity in all our clients. To that end, this special issue of Brain Impairment is devoted to raising the issue of physical activity in people with neurological conditions, and addressing questions such as: Why is physical activity important? How do we measure it? How do we enhance it, and what are the benefits of increased activity? This special issue brings together experts from around the world investigating and promoting physical activity across the continuum of care in various neurological populations including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Phytochemical Properties of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense[Blume] Merrill & L. M. Perry var. Jambu Madu) as Affected by Growth Regulator Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker ◽  
Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
ABM Sharif Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Peel Color

This study represents the first paper of the effects of growth regulators on the physiochemical and phytochemical properties of the wax apple fruit, a widely cultivated fruit tree in southeast Asia. Net photosynthesis, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, peel color, fruit firmness, juice content, pH value, total soluble solids (TSSs), and the sugar acid ratio were all significantly increased in growth regulators (PGRs) treated fruits. The application of gibberellin (GA3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) significantly reduced titratable acidity and increased total sugar and carbohydrate content compared to the control. The 50 mg/L GA3, 10 mg/L NAA, and 5 mg/L 2,4-D treatments produced the greatest increases in phenol and flavonoid content; vitamin C content was also higher for these treatments. PGR treatment significantly affected chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and carotene content and produced higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and antioxidant activity levels. There was a positive correlation between peel color and TSS and antioxidant activity and both phenol and flavonoid content and PAL activity and anthocyanin formation. A taste panel assessment was also performed, and the highest scores were given to fruits that had been treated with GA3or auxin. The study showed that application of 50 mg/L GA3, 10 mg/L NAA, and 5 mg/L 2,4-D once a week from bud development to fruit maturation increased the physiochemical and phytochemical properties of wax apple fruits.

The effects of acute hypercapnia on cerebral indole amine metabolism

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibition ◽  
Amine Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The effects of 1-h exposure to hypercapnia ([Formula: see text], 90–110 mmHg) on cerebral indole amine metabolism were studied in rats by measurement of cerebral hemisphere contents of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). 5-HIAA content was increased after 1-h exposure to hypercapnia, whereas tryptophan, 5-HTP, and 5-HT remained unchanged from control. The accumulation of 5-HTP after decarboxylase inhibition with 3-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine was increased in hypercapnic rats and indicated an increased activity of tryptophan hydroxylase. During the 1-h exposure to hypercapnia there was increased accumulation of 5-HT after monoamine oxidase inhibition with pargyline and increased accumulation of 5-HIAA arter probenecid. The results indicate an increased synthesis and degradation of indole amines in acute hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Zebrafish as a model for haloperidol-induced catalepsy-like immobilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hasumi ◽  
Hideyuki Maeda ◽  
Ken-ichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Bar Test ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract This study investigated the validity of screening for antipsychotic-induced catalepsy-like immobilization in zebrafish (Danio rerio), as an alternative to the standard rodent model. To induce the desired symptoms, we used haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic that disturbs dopamine D2-receptors. In addition to observing swimming behaviors generally, we used the light and dark test to assess how drug exposure influences locomotive responses to those stimuli. We selected this test instead of the commonly used bar test for catalepsy in rodents, because fish cannot perform the necessary motions to participate in the latter. Normally, light attenuated activity and decreased locomotion, whereas darkness greatly increased activity levels in zebrafish. We confirmed that haloperidol had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on activity; the highest dose of 10 mg/L almost stopped fish activity even in darkness. We did not observe any significant differences in heart rate or morphology across the control and treatment groups, whereas abnormal movements like rigid and erratic behaviors occurred in haloperidol-treated groups. Therefore, we found that immobilization and abnormal movements qualify as haloperidol-induced catalepsy. In conclusion, zebrafish appear to be a suitable model for antipsychotic-induced catalepsy-like immobilization.

scholarly journals Functional Expression of All Human Sulfotransferases in Fission Yeast, Assay Development, and Structural Models for Isoforms SULT4A1 and SULT6B1

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Yanan Sun ◽  
David Machalz ◽  
Gerhard Wolber ◽  
Maria Kristina Parr ◽  
Matthias Bureik
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Whole Cell Biotransformation ◽  
Yeast Assay ◽  
Increased Activity

Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze phase II (conjugation) reactions of drugs and endogenous compounds. A complete set of recombinant fission yeast strains each expressing one of the 14 human SULTs was generated, including SULT4A1 and SULT6B1. Sulfation of test substrates by whole-cell biotransformation was successfully demonstrated for all enzymes for which substrates were previously known. The results proved that the intracellular production of the cofactor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) necessary for SULT activity in fission yeast is sufficiently high to support metabolite production. A modified variant of sulfotransferase assay was also developed that employs permeabilized fission yeast cells (enzyme bags). Using this approach, SULT4A1-dependent sulfation of 1-naphthol was observed. Additionally, a new and convenient SULT activity assay is presented. It is based on the sulfation of a proluciferin compound, which was catalyzed by SULT1E1, SULT2A1, SULT4A1, and SULT6B1. For the latter two enzymes this study represents the first demonstration of their enzymatic functionality. Furthermore, the first catalytically competent homology models for SULT4A1 and SULT6B1 in complex with PAPS are reported. Through mechanistic molecular modeling driven by substrate docking, we pinned down the increased activity levels of these two isoforms to optimized substrate binding.

Motivational interviewing to increase physical activity in women with gestational diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 550-556
Author(s):  
Ralph Smith ◽  
Ashley Ridout ◽  
Angus Livingstone ◽  
Nicola Wango ◽  
Yvonne Kenworthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

Regular physical activity improves glycaemic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Motivational interviewing is an effective technique for increasing activity levels. This report evaluates a clinical pathway developed to integrate physical activity motivational interviewing into routine gestational diabetes care. Women attending a single-centre NHS clinic were invited to engage in a physical activity-focused motivational interview. The aerobic physical activity levels of 62 women were evaluated at baseline and at a 2-week telephone follow up, coded into three categories by minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week: red (<30 minutes), amber (30–149 minutes) and green (≥150 minutes). At baseline, 30.6% of participants were coded red, 41.9% amber and 27.4% green. At follow up, 4.8% women coded red, 38.7% amber and 56.5% green, demonstrating a significant association for increased activity levels after motivational interviewing (P<0.001). This clinical pathway provides encouraging results that physical activity increased significantly in the short term.

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