NEW EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF INDOLEACETIC ACID IN TOBACCO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Sirois
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Activity Curve ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Growth

An acidic growth-promoting substance, active in the Avena coleoptile elongation test, was extracted from Resistant Havana 211 cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum L. This substance cochromatographed with indoleacetic acid (IAA) in three different solvent systems used singly, or in combination in two-direction chromatography. Its concentration–activity curve was also identical with that of IAA.Refinements in the purification procedure and the use of N,N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde as a spray reagent for the tobacco leaf extracts have made it possible to obtain a typical IAA color reaction at the Rf value of the tobacco growth-promoting substance. These results led to the conclusion that the auxin extracted from the tobacco tissues was IAA.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: V. A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF FREE ENDOGENOUS INDOLEACETIC ACID IN RUSTED AND MILDEWED CEREAL LEAVES AND THEIR ABILITY TO DECARBOXYLATE EXOGENOUSLY SUPPLIED RADIOACTIVE INDOLEACETIC ACID

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
A. R. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Host Parasite

The growth substances were extracted with cold alcohol from the first leaves of uninfected, rusted (wheat), and mildewed (barley) cereal seedlings. The acid ether fractions were chromatographed on paper and the chromatograms were cut into sections which were assayed for growth promoting or inhibiting activity in the Avena coleoptile straight growth test. The estimated, free, endogenous indoleacetic acid content of uninfected leaves ranged from 0.5 to 3.2 μg. per kilogram fresh weight. In the early stages of infection this decreased, but increased again to from 5 to about 10 μg. per kilogram fresh weight by the 10th day after the inoculation of susceptible hosts. Indoleacetic acid was not detected in ungerminated uredospores of stem rust (race 15B), but two other growth promoting substances appeared to be present.Leaf disks were incubated with radioactive indoleacetic acid (as —C14OOK) and the radioactivity released as C14O2 was measured. The ability of the tissue to decarboxylate the indoleacetate (‘oxidase’ activity) increased sharply, sometimes to as much as 1000%, in the first 3 days after inoculation. With susceptible hosts, this increase was followed by an almost equally sharp decrease to less than 50% of the values for uninfected tissue. With infected, resistant tissue, the secondary decrease in ‘oxidase’ activity was delayed and less pronounced.The results are discussed and a working hypothesis suggested with respect to the relation between susceptibility or resistance and the auxin balance.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F) PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) DI LAPANG

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Goreti Firma
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Mustard Plant

This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco plant extracts on mortality of armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura F.) and determine the optimum concentration of tobacco leaf extracts on mortality of armyworm caterpillars on mustard plants in the field. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications namely T1: 175 ml/L concentration of tobacco leaf extract, T2: 350 ml/L concentration of tobacco leaf extract T3: Concentration of 525 ml/L tobacco leaf extract, T4: Concentration of 700 ml/L tobacco leaf extract, T5: Concentration of 875 ml/L of tobacco leaf extract. The observation variables in this study were pest mortality (%), damage intensity (%), plant fresh weight, and fresh weight per hectare (ton). The results showed that the concentration of tobacco leaf extracts significantly affected the mortality of Spodoptera litura F. At the concentration of T5 treatment (875 ml) were the lowest damage, pest mortality, fresh weight of the mustard plant, and fresh weight per hectare of was 9.75%, 88%, 109.25 gr, and27.31 tons respectively.

scholarly journals Occurrence of plant growth-promoting traits in clover-nodulating rhizobia strains isolated from different soils in Rio Grande do Sul state

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Kayser Vargas ◽  
Bruno Brito Lisboa ◽  
Gilson Schlindwein ◽  
Camille Eichelberger Granada ◽  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

In the last decades, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has become an alternative to improve crop production. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii is one of the most promising rhizobacteria and is even used with non-legume plants. This study investigated in vitro the occurrence of plant growth-promoting characteristics in several indigenous R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii isolated from soils in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Isolates were obtained at 11 locations and evaluated for indoleacetic acid and siderophore production and inorganic phosphate solubilization. Ten isolates were also molecularly characterized and tested for antagonism against a phytopathogenic fungus and for plant growth promotion of rice seedlings. Of a total of 252 isolates, 59 produced indoleacetic acid, 20 produced siderophores and 107 solubilized phosphate. Some degree of antagonism against Verticillium sp. was observed in all tested isolates, reducing mycelial growth in culture broth. Isolate AGR-3 stood out for increasing root length of rice seedlings, while isolate ELD-18, besides increasing root length in comparison to the uninoculated control, also increased the germination speed index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. These results confirm the potential of some strains of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Inhibition by carbon dioxide of the phototropic response of the Avena coleoptile to blue light

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Phototropic Response ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

When intact oat coleoptiles (Avena sativa var. Harmon) were submerged in water, saturation of the water with CO2 promoted their elongation but eliminated their phototropic response to blue light. Increasing the pH of the CO2-saturated water prevented the promotion of coleoptile elongation but did not prevent the elimination of the phototropic response. In air, phototropic curvature was significantly reduced by 10% CO2 and was eliminated by 30%, without any reduction in growth. It is postulated that the increase in CO2 concentration may eliminate the phototropic curvature of the coleoptile by preventing the light-induced inhibition of growth on the illuminated side of the organ. Possible mechanisms are briefly discussed.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID IN MELAMPSORA LINI (PERS.) LEV.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Solvent Systems

Mycelium of Melampsora was grown on flax cotyledons in tissue cultures. Mycelium and uredospores were incubated with DL-tryptophane-2-C14 and uredospores were incubated with L-tryptophane. Acid and neutral ether-soluble and aqueous fractions of the plant material and incubation medium were chromatographed and sprayed with chromogenic agents or radioautographed. Radioactive indoleacetic acid was produced in small amounts by both mycelium and spores (yield = 0.016% in 8 hours). The auxin was identified on the basis of its Rf values in two solvent systems, its reactions with Ehrlich and Salkowski reagents, and its ability to promote extension growth of Avena coleoptiles. Evidence for the formation of indoleacetaldehyde was also obtained. Several other radioactive and Ehrlich-positive products of tryptophane metabolism were detected but not identified. One of these could have been indolepyruvic acid. Tryptamine and indoleacetonitrile were not found. The results suggest that, in Melampsora, the synthesis of indoleacetic acid from tryptophane proceeds through indolepyruvic acid and indoleacetaldehyde.

Involvement ofgacSandrpoSin enhancement of the plant growth-promoting capabilities ofEnterobacter cloacaeCAL2 and UW4

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleema S Saleh ◽  
Bernard R Glick
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting bacteria Enterobacter cloacae CAL2 and UW4 were genetically transformed with a multicopy plasmid containing an rpoS or gacS gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The transformed strains were compared with the nontransformed strains for growth, indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, antibiotic production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, siderophore production, cell morphology, and the ability to promote canola root elongation. All transformed strains had a longer lag phase, were slower in reaching stationary phase, and attained a higher cell density than the nontransformed strains. Transformation resulted in cells that were significantly shorter than the nontransformed cells. The transformed strains also produced significantly more IAA than the nontransformed strains. Introduction of rpoS or gacS from Pseudomonas fluorescens was associated with a reduction in the production of both antibiotics, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and mono-acetylphloroglucinol, produced by Enterobacter cloacae CAL2. With Enterobacter cloacae CAL2, plasmid-borne rpoS, but not gacS, increased the level of ACC deaminase activity, while introduction of rpoS in Enterobacter cloacae UW4 caused a decrease in ACC deaminase activity. Neither gacS nor rpoS significantly affected the level of siderophores synthesized by either bacterial strain. Overproduction of either GacA or RpoS in Enterobacter cloacae CAL2 resulted in a significant increase in the root lengths of canola seedlings when seeds were treated with the bacteria, and overproduction of RpoS caused an increase in canola shoot as well as root lengths.Key words: plant growth-promoting bacteria, canola, ethylene, ACC deaminase, GacS, RpoS, indoleacetic acid, siderophores, antibiotics.

THE ENZYMICALLY CATALYZED OXIDATION OF INDOLEACETIC ACID

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Waygood ◽  
Ann Oaks ◽  
G. A. Maclachlan
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Horse Radish Peroxidase ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Dialyzed wheat leaf extracts, catalase, and horse-radish peroxidase catalyze the decarboxylation and oxidation of indoleacetic acid at pH 5.0–6.0 in the presence of critical concentrations of manganese and monohydric phenols or resorcinol. The equivalent of 1 mole of carbon dioxide is liberated and 1 mole of oxygen consumed per mole of substrate. Manganic ions formed by a phenol–peroxidase–peroxide system initiate the decarboxylation and oxidation. A naturally occurring ether soluble factor from wheat leaves, and maleic hydrazide, can substitute for the active phenols. Catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, seopoletin, and riboflavin, etc. competitively inhibit the oxidation. The nature of the active peroxide is discussed and a reaction sequence involving an organic peroxide or radical rather than hydrogen peroxide is submitted as being a possibility.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. IV. IAA oxidase activity. Oat coleoptile biotest

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

IAA oxidase activity in callus and tumour tissue of tobacco subjected to the action of morphactin IT 3233 for shorter and longer periods was determined. Control tumour tissue shows an activity higher by about 40 per cent as compared with that of callus tissue. Morphactin applied for a short time (24-h incubation) does not change the activity of the enzyme. When application is prolonged, a considerable enhancement (up to 140%) of the enzyme activity in callus tissue is observed in dependence on the morphactin concentration. In tumour tissues the activity is stimulated by 45 per cent as compared to control. Oat coleoptile elongation growth induced by IAA is limited to 40 per cent when morphactin is added in the concentrations used for tobacco tissue cultures. The possibility of the morphactin action on tissue growth via IAA metabolism is discussed.

Auxinlike Activity and Metabolism of Mefluidide in Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Tissue

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Glenn ◽  
Charles E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

Mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} was evaluated for effects on corn [Zea mays(L.) ‘Pioneer 3535’] coleoptile elongation. Mefluidide at 10-8M, 10-7M, and 10-6M stimulated elongation approximately equal to growth stimulations with 10-6M indoleacetic acid (IAA). Polar transport of14C-IAA from donor agar blocks through corn coleoptiles and into receiver agar blocks after 12 h was increased 246% by 10-4M mefluidide and inhibited 82% by 10-3M mefluidide. Mefluidide-related chemicals (10-4M) lacking a trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl-amino chain at the 1-position of the phenyl ring did not alter14C-IAA transport. IAA transport was increased 97% when the acetamide chain at the 5-position was absent and 255% when the methyl in the 4-position was absent, and it decreased 65% when the methyl at the 2-position was absent. Polar transport of14C-IAA through soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] hypocotyls was not altered by 10-4M mefluidide; however, 10-3M mefluidide increased IAA transport 116%. After 6 h, corn coleoptiles metabolized 14% of the mefluidide absorbed and soybean metabolized 54% of the mefluidide absorbed from14C-mefluidide solutions (10-6M). Differences in the rate of metabolism of mefluidide in meristematic tissue of corn and soybean may explain differences in mefluidide effects on auxin transport in corn and soybean.

scholarly journals The chemical synthesis of 1-O-(indol-3′-ylacetyl)-β-d-glucopyranose. The higher activity of the glucoside in comparison with exogenous indol-3-ylacetic acid in plant-section elongation tests

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keglević ◽  
M. Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Section ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Ylacetic Acid

1. The synthesis of 1-O-(indol-3′-ylacetyl)-β-d-glucopyranose via the fully benzylated 1-O-(indol-3′-ylacetyl)-d-glucopyranose is described. The configuration of the free ester glucoside was confirmed by complete hydrolysis with β-glucosidase and by the n.m.r. spectrum of the tetra-acetyl derivative. 2. The growth-promoting effect of the glucoside in Avena coleoptile- and pea stem-section tests distinctly exceeds the responses stimulated by equimolar amounts of indol-3-ylacetic acid or equimolar mixtures of indol-3-ylacetic acid and glucose at all concentrations investigated. Time-sequence experiments revealed that the sections stimulated by the glucoside exhibit a markedly greater rate of elongation than those promoted by indol-3-ylacetic acid. 3. 1-O-(Indol-3′-ylacetyl)-β-d-glucopyranose was isolated from intact Avena coleoptiles. 4. According to the results, the conjugation of indol-3-ylacetic acid with glucose could not be considered merely as a detoxication mechanism for indol-3-ylacetic acid in plant tissues.

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