EFFECT OF BENZIMIDAZOLE ANALOGUES ON STEM RUST AND CHLOROPHYLL METABOLISM

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Wang ◽  
Madelaine S. H. Hao ◽  
E. R. Waygood
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Imidazole Ring ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Structural Specificity ◽  
Similar Role ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Wheat Leaves

A study of the structural specificity of benzimidazole in relation to its effect on stem rust development and chlorophyll metabolism was made to obtain information which may contribute to our understanding of the nature of rust resistance as well as the physiology of detached leaves of Khapli wheat. Evidence suggests that benzimidazole will lose its activity if any member of the elements in its imidazole ring and probably also in its benzene ring is replaced by a different element, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur. Furthermore, compounds in which the methyl, nitro, or other group is introduced into the molecule of benzimidazole are either phytotoxic or antagonistically active to their parent compound.Analogues which were antagonistically active to benzimidazole displayed a similar effect on kinetin. There is strong evidence that benzimidazole and kinetin may play a similar role in maintaining the rust resistance and the normal physiology of detached wheat leaves.

METABOLIC CHANGES IN DETACHED WHEAT LEAVES FLOATED ON BENZIMIDAZOLE AND THE EFFECT OF THESE CHANGES ON RUST REACTION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
F. R. Forsyth ◽  
Clayton Person
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Endogenous Substrate ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Stem-rust-infected leaves of resistant (var. Khapli) and susceptible (var. Little Club) wheats were detached and floated on water and benzimidazole, with and without glucose. Khapli leaves were susceptible on water, resistant on 40 p.p.m. benzimidazole, susceptible on 40 p.p.m. benzimidazole with 1% glucose, and resistant on 60 p.p.m. benzimidazole with 1% glucose. Little Club leaves were susceptible in all treatments. Khapli leaves subjected to treatments that increase the endogenous substrate levels, such as floating on water for 2 to 4 days or spraying with DDT 2 or 3 days before detachment, were susceptible on 40 p.p.m. benzimidazole and resistant or partially resistant at higher concentrations.The progressive decrease in protein of detached leaves on water was interrupted on transfer to benzimidazole, after which some resynthesis of protein took place with a corresponding decrease in the soluble nitrogen fraction. Detached leaves on benzimidazole with 1% glucose had more soluble nitrogen than leaves on benzimidazole alone. There was more alcohol-soluble carbohydrate in leaves floated on water than in leaves on benzimidazole.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XIII. THE EFFECT OF STEM RUST ON PURINES IN WHEAT LEAVES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

The purines were precipitated from alcohol extracts of Little Club wheat with copper oxide or absorbed from perchloric acid extracts with Norit A. Guanine, adenine, and an unidentified purine were isolated from seedlings germinated in darkness and from the tops of young plants grown in the greenhouse. Adenine and the unidentified purine were present in much larger amounts than guanine. The concentrations of adenine and the unidentified purine in the first seedling leaves were increased approximately four- and five-fold by infection with Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn. No evidence was obtained for the presence of any purine or purine-like substance in uninfected or infected leaves which would delay senescence in detached leaves as do kinetin, benzimidazole, and purine-like substances present in coconut endosperm.

A Chemically Induced Mutation for Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Little Club’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Edwards ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
F. J. Gough ◽  
K. L. Lebsock
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Chemically Induced

Inheritance of Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Webster’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance

A Co‐Dominant PCR‐Based Marker for Assisted Selection of Durable Stem Rust Resistance in Barley

Crop Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Horvath ◽  
Lynn S. Dahleen ◽  
Jo‐Ann Stebbing ◽  
Greg Penner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Isolation of wheat–rye 1RS recombinants that break the linkage between the stem rust resistance gene SrR and secalin

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ratna Anugrahwati ◽  
Kenneth W. Shepherd ◽  
Dawn C. Verlin ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene

THE INHERITANCE OF PATHOGENICITY IN RACES 111 AND 29 OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Kao ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Complementary Genes

The inheritance of pathogenicity in wheat stem rust was studied in selfed cultures of races 29 and 111, F1 and F2 cultures of a cross between the two races and cultures from a backcross to race 29. The various cultures were tested on Marquis and Prelude and on a series of lines of these varieties carrying single genes for stem rust resistance. Virulence on Sr 5, Sr 6, Sr 8, Sr 9a, Sr 14 and a gene in Marquis was recessive and in each case there was a single gene for virulence corresponding to each gene for resistance. Virulence on Sr 1 was possibly controlled by two dominant complementary genes. There appeared to be two alleles for virulence on Prelude, one dominant and one recessive.

METABOLISM OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN HEALTHY AND RUST-INFECTED PRIMARY LEAVES OF WHEAT: II. STUDIES WITH L-PHENYLALANINE-U-14C, L-TYROSINE-U-14C, AND FERULATE-U-14C

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2137-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fuchs ◽  
R. Rohringer ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Wheat leaves infected with stem rust, especially those of susceptible plants, contained more phenylalanine and tyrosine than healthy leaves. The utilization of phenylalanine was increased in both the susceptible and resistant reaction, but the utilization of tyrosine was increased only in the susceptible reaction. No evidence of interconversion of these amino acids was obtained.In n-butanol extracts, which contained glycosides, many constituents were labelled after feeding of L-phenylalanine-U-14C. Most of the n-butanol extractives from resistant-reacting leaves contained more label than those from susceptible-reacting leaves or from healthy leaves. However, one of the n-butanol extractives from susceptible-reacting leaves was 5–10 times as active as that isolated from the other tissues.With L-phenylalanine-U-14C and ferulate-U-14C as precursors, more activity was recovered in insoluble than in soluble esters (of ferulate and p-coumarate). With L-tyrosine-U-14C as precursor, the reverse was observed. After infection, the proportion of label in insoluble esters increased more in resistant leaves than it did in susceptible leaves, regardless of the precursor used.A major portion of the activity from these precursors was recovered in the insoluble residue that contained protein and other polymers. In the experiment with L-phenylalanine-U-14C, this residue was fractionated into protein and non-hydrolyzable material. Susceptible-reacting leaves contained equal amounts of activity in these fractions, while resistant-reacting leaves incorporated 2.5 times as much activity into the non-hydrolyzable material as into protein.

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