CHANGES IN THE DRY WEIGHT, PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS OF GROWING PEA LEAVES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Smillie ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Protein Nucleic Acid

Pea leaves of different ages were harvested over a 10-day growth period and were analyzed for the following: fresh weight, dry weight, cell number, chlorophyll, soluble protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid. The chlorophyll content increased rapidly during early leaf expansion, then remained fairly constant. Only small differences were found in the percentage of soluble protein in the leaves during their development. In contrast, the ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid levels in the leaves decreased continuously as the leaves aged. These results are discussed in relation to similar analyses performed on leaves from other higher plants.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL, LEAFLESS AND SEMI-LEAFLESS PHENOTYPES OF PEAS: PHOTOSYNTHETIC CO2 FIXATION IN VITRO

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LAFOND ◽  
L. E. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Internal Arrangement

The effect of the "leafless" mutations (in which tendrils replace leaflets, af, and the stipules are reduced to a vestigial form, st) upon chlorophyll content, total protein, soluble protein, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity, and fresh weight/dry weight ratio were studied. Comparison of three near-isogenic lines of Century, Freezer and Trapper for the genotypes af af st st (leafless), af af + + (semi-leafless) and + + st st (reduced stipules) were compared with the conventional (+ + + +) plants. Chlorophyll contents were reduced by as much as 50% in the leafless phenotypes, as compared to the leafed plants. The leafless phenotype showed significantly higher levels of total nitrogen than the leafed plants. Tendrils had significantly lower levels of soluble protein than leaflets in two of the three cultivars examined. The fresh weight/dry weight ratio was significantly higher in the leafless phenotypes than the leafed types as a result of changes in morphology, going from a leaflet to a tendril. The internal arrangement of cells in the tendril was typical of pith and cortex tissue with very few intercellular spaces between the parenchyma cells. The intercellular space index within the tendrils was significantly lower than in the leaflet. In vitro measurements of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity were calculated per unit fresh weight and per unit chlorophyll. No significant differences were found between the different phenotypes per unit fresh weight; however, when the activity was measured per unit chlorophyll, the values for tendrils were significantly higher than for leaflets.

The physiology of growth in Subterranean clover. II. The dynamics of leaf growth

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
. Rijven.A.H.G.C
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Cell Wall Materials

This study extends the account of the development of the fourth leaf of subterranean clover. In particular, the four leaf constituents deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, proteins, and cell wall materials are expressed on whole leaf and cell bases. Form change in the leaf is illustrated with perspective elevations for some early stages. Cell number increases exponentially until day 13, with a mean generation time of 18 hr. The final number per leaf is c. 6.5 million, and deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus is estimated as 0.197 pg per cell. The leaf is highly succulent, with a maximum water content of 478 % dry weight. Soluble constituents are also high, with a maximum of 39 % of the dry matter. The absolute amounts of ribonucleic acid phosphorus and protein nitrogen are maximal on days 19 and 25 respectively, with losses of about 60% by day 36. Cell wall materials increase from 8 to 57 % of the residual dry weight during a period of 4 days prior to emergence. This is shown to be due to the concurrent differentiation of the vascular system and the growth of 3000 leaf hairs. Changes on a per cell basis are recorded, and the concept of relative growth rate is used to extend the analysis of the data. Rates of production of one constituent per unit of another are also presented and discussed.

Composition of Methanospirillum hungatii GP1 during growth on different media

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Breuil ◽  
G. B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Mineral Salts

Growth of Methanospirillum hungatii GP1 as determined by optical density measurement was comparable to growth assessed by cell dry weight, ribonucleic acid content, and deoxyribonucleic acid content. Cultivation of M. hungatii on synthetic medium containing mineral salts, vitamins, and acetic acid indicated that, on a dry weight basis, cell constituents such as protein (71%), ribonucleic acid (15.8%), deoxyribonucleic acid (1.6%), and total carbohydrate (3.2%) did not vary significantly with the growth phase. Cells grown in the synthetic medium supplemented with yeast extract and tryptone had slightly higher protein content (76%), but the concentrations of the other cell constituents were similar and did not fluctuate much during growth. Nitrogen limiting growth resulted in somewhat lower ribonucleic acid content as well as slightly higher protein content than that in cells grown in nonlimiting medium. Methanospirillum hungatii did not accumulate any of the commonly known reserve materials under nitrogen or carbon and hydrogen limiting growth.

Quantitative relationships between deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid in isolated plant nuclei

1963 ◽  
Vol 158 (971) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Root Apices

Nuclei were isolated from the roots of different species of higher plants and the amounts of both deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) in these nuclei were determined by a modification of the Schmidt-Thannhauser procedure. A new method of isolation was used which involved fixing the roots for a short time in ice-cold 2% (w/v) formaldehyde, and then crushing them in a press. Between 25 and 50% of the nuclei known to be present in the roots could be recovered. It was shown by interferometry, microphotometry and autoradiography, as well as by an examination of all the solutions used, that there was no significant loss of nucleic acids from the nuclei during the isolation procedure. Nuclei from root apices of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Allium species, from diploid and tetraploid forms of Tradescantia ohioensis and from Vicia faba , Pisum sativum and Zea mays showed large differences in DNA content. However, these were not accompanied by corresponding differences in RNA content; the DNA ; RNA ratio varied from about unity to more than ten irrespective of the relative amounts of meristematic and differentiating tissue present in the roots. In the nuclei of four of these species, the DNA ; RNA ratio increased as the temperature at which the plants were grown was raised from 4 to 25°C. The results of all these experiments showed the absence of any correlation between the amount of DNA and the total amount of nuclear RNA ; but the possible existence of a correlation between DNA and chromosomal RNA was not excluded.

Aspects of metabolic development in an illuminated synchronous culture of Scenedesmus obtusiusculus

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurangakumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Cellular Development

Developing synchronous cells of Scenedesmus obtusiusculus Chod. were investigated during the 15-h light period of the 24-h life cycle. Measurements were made of photosynthesis and of the chlorophyll, carotene, nucleic acid, and protein content, including intracellular phosphorus.Photosynthetic oxygen evolution (μmol/mg chlorophyll) increased during the early growing stage and declined gradually in the older cells. Chlorophyll, carotene, protein, ribonucleic acid, and ribonucleic acid phosphate of these cells increased during the growth phase (dry weight basis) and declined in the sporulating phase, whereas the deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic phosphate decreased during the growth phase. Deoxyribonucleic acid increased slightly in the sporulating phase, but deoxyribonucleic acid phosphate remained relatively constant during this period. When calculated on a per cell basis, ribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid phosphate increased steadily throughout the period of observation, whereas deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid phosphate remained constant during the first 5 h and then increased gradually. Analysis of the intracellular distribution of phosphorus(dry weight basis) revealed that methanol-soluble (lipid) phosphorus decreased steadily with cell growth, whereas the content of acid-soluble phosphorus and ethanol–ether-soluble (lipid) phosphorus fluctuated markedly. The pH of the culture medium increased concomitantly with cellular development during the light period.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

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