STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: V. THIMBLEBERRY RING SPOT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Ring Spot

A ring spot mottling that occurs on the wild thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) in British Columbia was proved to be caused by a virus. The virus was transmitted to thimbleberry, black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.), red raspberry (R. strigosus Michx.), and R. henryi Hemsl. & Kuntse. Three species of aphids belonging to the genus Amphorophora transmitted the virus, but the large raspberry aphid (A. rubi Kalt.) was not a vector. The name "thimbleberry ring spot" is proposed for the virus and the disease.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: II. BLACK RASPBERRY NECROSIS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Rubus Occidentalis

Raspberry indexing in British Columbia demonstrated that several varieties are carrying a latent virus that induces mild symptons in other red raspberry varieties and severe symptoms on black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis L.). The name black raspberry necrosis is proposed for the disease and virus. The virus is transmitted by the aphid Amphorophora rubi Kalt. It may be acquired by the aphid after a half-hour feeding and transmitted with a two-minute transfer feeding. Most aphids lose their ability to transmit the virus within one and a half hours after leaving the source of inoculum.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: I. RUBUS YELLOW-NET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
American Black

A virus disease occurring on Himalaya blackberry (Rubus procerus P. J. Muell.) was transmitted to Washington red raspberry (R. strigosus Michx.), tropical black raspberry (R. albescens Roxb.), and North American black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.). A net-like chlorosis of the tissue bordering the smaller leaf veins is the characteristic symptom, consequently the name "Rubus yellow-net" is proposed for the virus and disease. The virus is transmitted by the raspberry aphid Amphorophora rubi Kalt. It may be acquired by the aphid after a one-hour feeding and usually persists in the vector less than four hours.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: III. SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF RASPBERRY MOSAIC

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Separation Of Components

It has been shown that the mosaic disease of red raspberry is the result of multiple infection by two separate viruses. Since these viruses, tubus yellow-net and black raspberry necrosis, have a common, vector, the aphid Amphorophora rubi Kalt., and are both nonpersistent, they are usually transmitted together and the complex nature of the mosaic disease can best be demonstrated by synthesis.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: VII. RASPBERRY VEIN CHLOROSIS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Source ◽  
Characteristic Symptom

A virus disease occurring in the Lloyd George variety of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in British Columbia has been identified as raspberry vein chlorosis, a disease previously reported from Scotland. The virus was transmitted to the Lloyd George and Washington varieties of red raspberry, loganberry (R. loganobaccus Bailey), and the Alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) by the aphid Aphis idaei V.d.G. In each of these hosts, the characteristic symptom was a net-like chlorosis of the tissue bordering the smaller veins of the leaf. The large raspberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), was not a vector. Experiments using A. idaei showed that most individuals require more than 1 day on the virus source to become viruliferous. The length of time that aphids remained viruliferous depended upon the conditions of the test; viruliferous aphids feeding upon healthy raspberry plants lost the ability to transmit the virus within a day, while those feeding upon strawberry, or held in a Petri dish without food, retained the virus longer than 1 day.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: VIII. RASPBERRY LEAF CURL

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

A virus disease that occurs on red raspberry in the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia was identified as raspberry leaf curl. Under experimental conditions the virus was transmitted by the aphid Aphis idaci V. d.G. Test plants included red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L.; black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis L.; wineberry, Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.; Rubus henryi Hemsl. & Kuntse; and the Alpine strawberry, Fragaria vesca L. The virus did not infect black raspberry and caused only transitory symptoms on Alpine strawberry. Root cuttings of red raspberry, leaf-bud cuttings of R. henryi, and seedlings of wineberry provided satisfactory indicator plants. Wineberry and R. henryi were more readily inoculated by aphids than red raspberry. Non-viruliferous aphids required a feed of at least 1 day on the virus source to acquire an infective charge. When viruliferous aphids were transferred to a series of healthy indicator plants, some plants became infected after a test access time of 20 minutes, although transmissions were increased if the time was increased to 1 hour. The virus was found to persist in viruliferous aphids for at least 11 days. Leaf curl virus was not eliminated from infected plants held at an air temperature of 37 °C for periods up to 4 weeks.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: IV. TRANSMISSION OF RASPBERRY MOSAIC VIRUSES TO FRAGARIA VESCA L.

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith ◽  
Frances C. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Two Component

By means of the leaf-grafting technique, attempts were made to transmit the two component viruses of raspberry mosaic, rubus yellow-net, and black raspberry necrosis, separately and in combination, to three strains of Fragaria vesca L. Only the rubus yellow-net virus was transmitted to the strawberry and it induced severe symptoms. Neither the raspberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi Kalt., nor the strawberry aphid, Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (Ckll.), transmitted the yellow-net virus from raspberry to strawberry, although A. rubi was able to transmit the virus from strawberry back to raspberry.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: IX. RINGSPOT DISEASE OF RED RASPBERRY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
First Time

A virus disease of red raspberry that has been known in Oregon and Washington for several years was observed for the first time in British Columbia in 1961. The disease is characterized by chlorotic blotches, ringspot, or oak leaf markings, or a net-like chlorosis along the smaller veins of the leaves on the young canes. The virus nature of the disease was demonstrated by mechanical transmission from raspberry leaves to herbaceous plants. From physical properties and symptoms on a range of herbaceous hosts and peach seedlings, the virus was considered to be related to tomato ringspot virus. This relationship was confirmed by comparative host reactions and cross protection studies with known strains of tomato ringspot virus.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: VI. VARIETAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO APHID INFESTATION IN RELATION TO VIRUS ACQUISITION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Varietal Susceptibility

Field populations of the large raspberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), were observed for 4 years on 13 varieties of raspberry. Lloyd George and St. Walfried were immune, Malling Enterprise and Malling Promise were resistant, and the remainder were susceptible to infestation. Each variety was naturally infected with black raspberry necrosis virus. Vector studies demonstrated that this virus was acquired with difficulty from the immune varieties and also from the susceptible variety St. Regis, but was readily acquired from the remaining 10 varieties.

Black raspberry necrosis virus. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Black raspberry necrosis virus. Hosts: Rubus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, UK, Scotland), North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, Michigan, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Wisconsin), Oceania (Australia, New Zealand).

YELLOW BLOTCH-CURL: A NEW VIRUS DISEASE OF THE RED RASPBERRY IN ONTARIO

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Leaf Curl

This paper reports the results of an investigation into a condition of the Cuthbert red raspberry which is quite distinct from any previously described disease. The disease, termed yellow blotch-curl, is characterized principally by a loose type of curling and pale chlorotic foliage which sometimes shows a yellow blotching and ring spot. The disease has been transmitted by patch-grafting, which indicates that it is of the virus type. It has been transmitted to Cuthbert, Viking, Latham, Herbert, Chief, and Lloyd George varieties, and different reactions have been noted and described.From these experiments it is concluded that "yellow blotch-curl" is distinct from mosaic and leaf curl.

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