THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: IV. THE EFFECT OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AND INDOLEACETIC ACID ON THE RUST RESISTANCE OF KHAPLI AND LITTLE CLUB WHEATS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Host Parasite

Little Club (rust reaction type 4) and Khapli (rust reaction type 1 with race 15B) wheats were grown in sand culture in 1-qt. crocks or 5-in. pots. Daily applications of maleic hydrazide or indoleacetic acid were started 5 days before (10 days after sowing), on the day of, and 5 days after inoculation with stem rust (Race 15B) and were continued for about three weeks. Maleic hydrazide inhibited growth and, at 5 and 10 mg. per pot, flowering. Type 4 pustules developed on Khapli plants treated with 5 and 10 mg. of maleic hydrazide daily from the 5th day before and from the day of inoculation. Indoleacetic acid (0.5 mg. per pot from the 10th day after sowing) stimulated growth and flowering and slightly increased the resistance of Khapli. Treatments started 5 days after inoculation had no effect on rust development on Khapli, and none of the treatments altered the rust reaction of Little Club. Spores produced on plants treated with maleic hydrazide gave normal rust reactions on untreated plants.The effect of maleic hydrazide on the plants and on rust development was not altered by the simultaneous application of uracil, which reversed the growth inhibition caused by thiouracil. Thiouracil inhibited rust development in the presence of maleic hydrazide.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: X. THE METABOLISM OF INDOLEACETIC ACID-1-C14 BY WHEAT AND OAT COLEOPTILE SECTIONS, UNINFECTED AND RUSTED WHEAT LEAVES AND UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
R. J. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Host Parasite

Coleoptiles of Little Club wheat and Brighton oats, uninfected and rusted leaves of Little Club and Khapli wheats and uredospores of stem rust were incubated with 10 or 100 parts per million of indoleacetate-C14OOK (IAA) in distilled water in darkness. The metabolic products formed were extracted by boiling the incubation medium. This was then partitioned with ether and the aqueous and ether fractions were analyzed by paper chromatography. In the coleoptiles and uninfected and rusted wheat leaves 8–14 different Ehrlich- or Salkowski-positive radioactive products of IAA metabolism were detected. These were not found when the plant material was incubated with water alone. One ether-soluble compound, and four ether-insoluble compounds from wheat coleoptiles had ultraviolet spectra of the indole type and were found to be active in the Avena straight growth test. IAA and its ether-soluble products disappeared more rapidly from uninfected than from rust-infected Little Club wheat leaves. Four water-soluble, radioactive products were found in uninfected leaves but only two in rusted leaves. A substance tentatively identified as indolecarboxylic acid (ICA) was not found in Little Club wheat leaves until 16 days after rust infection, but was present in both uninfected and infected leaves of the resistant species, Khapli. Uredospores apparently converted IAA only to nonradioactive decarboxylation products, tentatively identified as ICA and indolealdehyde. The results are discussed and attention is drawn to the importance of ether-insoluble products of IAA metabolism.

SOME EFFECTS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID AND MALEIC HYDRAZIDE ON THE RESPIRATION AND FLOWERING OF WHEAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shaw ◽  
A. Oaks ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Leaf Disks

Wheat seedlings were grown in sand culture in 1 qt. crocks. Maleic hydrazide (10 mg. per crock per day) prevented flowering and increased the oxygen consumption per unit dry weight of the first leaves by 20 to 50%, but did not alter the C6/C1 ratio, which was measured by incubating leaf disks with glucose-6-C14 and glucose-1-C14. Indoleacetic acid (0.5 mg. per crock per day) increased oxygen uptake by only 10 to 15%, but stimulated flowering and apparently lowered the C6/C1 ratio. The C6/C1 ratio of leaf disks was approximately halved by 2 hours pretreatment with 5.0 and 8.3 p.p.m. of indoleacetic acid, mainly because of a decrease in the recovery of C6.The results are discussed briefly in relation to the effect of obligate parasites in increasing the indoleacetic acid content and in lowering the C6/C1 ratio of susceptible cereal leaves.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: IVA. THE EFFECT OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE ON THE CARBOHYDRATE, NITROGEN, AND FREE AMINO ACID CONTENT OF THE FIRST LEAF OF KHAPLI WHEAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Host Parasite

Khapli wheat was grown in sand culture in 1-qt. crocks. Daily applications of maleic hydrazide (10 mg. per crock) were started about 10 days after sowing. After 5 to 12 or 15 days of treatment, samples were taken for analysis. Maleic hydrazide inhibited growth and caused increases in the dry weight, total soluble matter, sucrose, and free amino compounds, particularly glutamine and glutamate, in the first leaves. The treated leaves were also rich in starch which does not normally occur in the wheat leaf.

THE INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE: V. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 15B OF STEM RUST IN TEN VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Kenaschuk ◽  
R. G. Anderson ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Golden Ball ◽  
Inheritance Of Rust Resistance

The inheritance of resistance to race 15B of stem rust was studied in the varieties St. 464, C.I. 7805, Amarai bianco tipo 142 (P.I. 192179), Arabian, Camadi Abdu tipo 103, Rojal de Almeria (P.I. 191194), C.I. 7870, C.I. 7875, C.I. 8133 and Golden Ball. Rust tests were conducted on F2 plants from diallel crosses and on F2 families from back-crosses to the susceptible varieties, Stewart and Nugget. The following genes are present in the varieties:1. Srd2 conditioning a type 1-X reaction and present in St. 464, C.I. 7805, P.I. 192179, C.I. 7870, C.I. 7875 and C.I. 8133.2. Srd4 conditioning a type 2–2+ reaction and present in Arabian, P.I. 191194 and Golden Ball.3. Srd5 conditioning a type 2 reaction and present in the same varieties as Srd2, plus Arabian.4. Srd6 conditioning a type 1−–1 reaction in Camadi.Two of the genes, Srd2 and Srd5, are additive in effect and together condition a type O; to 1− reaction.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS: XII. A CYTOPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF DNA AND RNA IN RUST-INFECTED LEAVES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1533-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Azure B ◽  
Cytophotometric Study ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Wheat Rust

Uninfected and rusted leaves of Little Club wheat (reaction type 4) were sectioned at intervals up to 15 days after inoculation with Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn., race 15B. Infection caused a decrease in the size of the chloroplasts, an increase in size followed by a collapse of the nuclei in the mesophyll cells and an increase in the size of the nucleoli. These effects also occurred, but more rapidly, in infected leaves of Khapli wheat (rust reaction type 1). They were most pronounced in the tissue beneath uredia. Cytophotometry of nuclei in Little Club by the 'two-wavelength' method after staining with the Feulgen reagent showed that there was no increase in the level of DNA in enlarged nuclei at 6 days after inoculation; collapse of the nuclei at 15 days after inoculation was accompanied by the loss of 60% of the DNA originally present. Cytophotometry of nucleoli in nuclei in mesophyll cells stained with azure B after selective removal of DNA with DNase showed that nucleolar enlargement was accompanied by a significant (P = 0.05) increase in RNA. The fungal nuclei stained with the Feulgen reagent, but not after treatment with DNase. The cytoplasm in fungal hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria stained heavily with azure B, but not after treatment with RNase. The absorption spectrum of the stained mycelium was characteristic of the RNA - azure B complex. The results are discussed.

A Chemically Induced Mutation for Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Little Club’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Edwards ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
F. J. Gough ◽  
K. L. Lebsock
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Chemically Induced

Inheritance of Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Webster’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance

A Co‐Dominant PCR‐Based Marker for Assisted Selection of Durable Stem Rust Resistance in Barley

Crop Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Horvath ◽  
Lynn S. Dahleen ◽  
Jo‐Ann Stebbing ◽  
Greg Penner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Selection Of
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document