Differences in initial root development and soil conditions affect establishment of trembling aspen and balsam poplar seedlings

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Wolken ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers ◽  
Miles F. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poplar Seedlings

Three studies examined the establishment and early growth of trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) and balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L.) from seed. To better understand the differences in initial developmental patterns between both species, we monitored germination and early growth in a washed sand medium with a balanced fertilizer added. Two additional studies used the Ae, Bm, and Bt horizons of a Brunisolic Gray Luvisol soil to test the impact of different soil horizons and conditions (compaction and moisture) on the establishment and early growth of trembling aspen and balsam poplar seedlings. Balsam poplar had faster radicle and leaf area development than trembling aspen and grew similarly in all soil horizons, while trembling aspen only grew well in the Ae horizon, where it outgrew balsam poplar. The superior growth of trembling aspen in the Ae horizon was associated with higher P and organic C relative to the lower horizons. Although germination was lowest on the low-compaction – low-moisture treatment for both species, balsam poplar establishment and early growth were higher than for trembling aspen in all combinations of compaction and moisture. Compared with trembling aspen, the wider establishment niche of balsam poplar is attributed to its faster root development and ability to grow in a range of soil substrates and conditions.

Photosynthetic and morphological responses of white birch, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen to freezing and artificial defoliation

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Spring Frosts

Comparative stress resistance of 1-year-old white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings was evaluated after exposure to freezing or defoliation. Photosynthesis in leaves surviving freezing (−5 °C) declined immediately after treatment, but nearly fully recovered within 3 weeks. Defoliation did not significantly increase photosynthesis in the remaining leaves. Refoliation occurred after freezing that killed terminal shoots and released current buds from apical dominance, while new leaves of larger size were produced through continuous growth of terminal shoots in 50% or 100% defoliation. Freezing and complete defoliation significantly reduced diameter and height growth in all species, whereas 50% defoliation did not affect growth. These results indicate some of the physiological and morphological responses to foliage loss in broadleaved boreal species that can help to maintain growth and productivity under a warming climate, which may result in more frequent damaging spring frosts and insect defoliation.

Potential for combining sex pheromones for the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) and the large aspen tortrix (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) within monitoring traps targeting both species

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya L. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Monitoring Traps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Choristoneura Conflictana

Trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae), is the most widely distributed tree species in North America (Perala 1990) and is considered to be an ecologically (Hogg et al. 2002) and economically important (Brandt et al. 2003) component of the boreal forest. Due to the recently increased economic value of trembling aspen (Brandt et al. 2003), the impact of native insect defoliators on tree growth and mortality has become commercially important. Two of the most significant defoliators of trembling aspen throughout its range in Canada are the forest tent caterpillar (FTC), Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), and the large aspen tortrix (LAT), Choristoneura conflictana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Weekly xylem production in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in response to artificial defoliation

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brin Jones ◽  
Jacques Tardif ◽  
Richard Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study investigated the effect of artificial defoliation on weekly radial xylem production in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). It was hypothesized that defoliated trees would show reduced xylem and vessel production and thinner secondary walls in fibres. Two adjacent natural forest sites were selected within Winnipeg, Manitoba. Microcores were extracted weekly from the stems of 30 aspen trees from May to October 2002. Ten aspen trees were defoliated using pole pruners between 22 June and 6 July. Measurements included weekly xylem increment, annual vessel characteristics, and late growing season fibre dimensions. No significant difference in overall ring width was observed; however, trees from both groups showed a significant reduction in ring width in 2002. The ratio of radial growth in 2002 / radial growth in 2001 was significantly less in defoliated trees, suggesting a higher reduction in radial growth due to defoliation. Sigmoidal regression models suggested early growth cessation in defoliated trees. No significant differences in vessel characteristics were observed between groups; however, the diameter and lumen width of fibres was significantly reduced in defoliated trees. It is speculated that a shorter radial growing season may have led to a reduced cell elongation period. An early cessation of the radial growing season associated with a reallocation of carbohydrates to produce a second flush of leaves could explain the reduced size of fibres from defoliated trees.Key words: wood anatomy, diffuse porous, image analysis, radial growth, cell dimension, dendrochronology.

Canopy gap disturbance and succession in trembling aspen dominated boreal forests in northeastern Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B Hill ◽  
Azim U Mallik ◽  
Han YH Chen
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Gap Fraction ◽  
Gap Disturbance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Proceeds

Canopy gaps play an important role in forest vegetation dynamics when fire return intervals are long. However, there is little known about the role of gaps in the development of forest stands that initially dominate following stand-replacing disturbance. We investigated gap disturbance during the breakup of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands at two scales: at the stand level we quantified gap fraction and gap size as stand development proceeds; at the gap level we determined causes of gap-maker mortality and evaluated resulting gap-maker structure and decay as stand development proceeds. We also evaluated the impact that gaps have on stand transition by quantifying the abundance and growth of juvenile trees in gaps of different sizes and ages. Ten stands between 60 and 120 years since fire in northeastern Ontario were sampled using line intersect transects. Gap fraction doubled (∼18%–36%) and mean gap size was more than four times greater (∼45–200 m2) over the time period. Standing dead gap makers in early states of decay were most frequent in young stands, whereas snapped gap makers in various states of decay were most frequent in old stands. Infection by fungal pathogens was the most frequent cause of mortality (56%) and was not related to time since fire. Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) was the most abundant juvenile recruit. However, transition probabilities for tree species were independent of gap type. These results indicate that gap creation is frequent during early stages of stand development in boreal forests; however, it is unlikely that successional trajectory is affected by their formation.

Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Increased Risk

Climatic warming may increase temperature variability, especially in winter months, leading to increased risk of early loss of cold hardiness and therefore freezing damage. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage), budbreak, and survival were used to indicate the responses of seedlings of 3 boreal broadleaf species [Formula: see text] trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam poplar (P. balsamifera L.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) [Formula: see text] to experimental warming. Seedling responses were greater in winter (January) and spring (March) than fall (November), and were greater in trembling aspen and balsam poplar than white birch. Warming for 5 or 10 days at 16 °C day/–2 °C night with a 10-h photoperiod in winter and spring generally reduced cold hardiness. Combined with freezing temperatures in the postwarming ambient environment, this reduction increased seedling mortality and stem dieback and extended time to budbreak. Cold hardiness increased somewhat 10 days after seedlings were returned to the outdoor environment following warming in spring, when ambient temperatures were less damaging. The resistance of white birch to warming, likely because of its greater thermal requirement for budbreak and slower natural dehardening, suggests that this species is better suited to withstand increasing winter temperature variability that might occur under climate change. To improve the accuracy of phenological modelling, the effects of winter freezing on budbreak should be factored in.

Adventitious rooting of four Salicaceae species in response to a flooding event

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne E. Krasny ◽  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
The Mean

The ability to form adventitious roots in response to a flooding event was examined in three floodplain species, sandbar willow (Salix interior Rowlee), feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and one upland species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), in interior Alaska. The mean number of adventitious roots formed per seedling was 7, 5, 2, and 0 for sandbar willow, feltleaf willow, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen, respectively. The ability to form adventitious roots was related to the distribution of the species on the floodplain.

Indirect site productivity models for white spruce in Alberta's boreal mixedwood forest

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Hostin ◽  
Stephen J. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Index Site

Multiple linear regression models are presented for boreal mixed-wood stands that predict white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] site productivity as a function of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) productivity. Site productivity was measured using both age-referenced and diameter-referenced site indices. Average tree and stand attributes, and environmental parameters that describe topographic and soil conditions were examined for their suitability as additional independent variables in the two basic productivity models. The inclusion of additional regressors provided substantial increases in the explanation of variance over the models which used the site productivity measures alone. The best age-referenced model yielded an R2 value of 0.794 while the best diameter-referenced model produced an R2 of 0.908. Key words: indicator variables, indirect site productivity estimation, mixedwood, multiple linear regression, site comparisons, site index, site productivity, trembling aspen, white spruce

Exponential fertilization and plant competition effects on the growth and N nutrition of trembling aspen and white spruce seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Lin Hu ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
De-Hui Zeng ◽  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Scott X. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Exponential Fertilization ◽  
The Impact

Exponential fertilization has been shown to be a useful technique for improving seedling quality during nursery production. In this study, we evaluated (i) the impact of exponential vs. conventional fertilization on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings during nursery production and (ii) the growth performance and nitrogen (N) utilization of those seedlings in response to foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) competition after the transplantation of seedlings in a greenhouse experiment. Exponential fertilization with an application rate higher than the conventional fertilization increased the internal N reserve in trembling aspen and white spruce seedlings during nursery production and also increased new leaf, new stem, and old stem biomass and N retranslocation rates in trembling aspen seedlings but not in white spruce seedlings after transplantation. Foxtail barley competition decreased N concentrations in seedlings and soil N uptake by the seedlings; however, increased N retranslocation rates with foxtail barley competition were observed in white spruce seedlings but not in trembling aspen seedlings. Our results suggest that the growth performance of seedlings was improved by N loading, whereas the impact of vegetation management was species specific.

FUNGI AND DECAY IN ASPEN AND BALSAM POPLAR IN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION, ALBERTA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Thomas ◽  
D. E. Etheridge ◽  
Glen Paul
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Examination of 835 living trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 527 balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) on 47 sample plots of mixed-wood forest of the Boreal Forest Region, Alberta, showed 73% of the aspen and 61% of the balsam poplar to be decayed. Additional trees of both species were infected by stain-producing fungi. The incidence of infection in aspen decreased from mesic sites to dry sites, while that for balsam poplar was about the same in mesic and wet sites. Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx was the first ranking fungus in both hosts in terms of associated decay. It had the greatest incidence of all fungi in aspen but ranked third to Pholiota spectabilis (Fr.) Quél. and Polyporus aduslus Willd. ex Fr. in balsam poplar. Corticium polygonium Pers. and Radulum casearium (Morg.) Lloyd together caused about as much decay in aspen as did Fomes igniarius, although neither fungus occurred in balsam poplar. Contrary to its generally low incidence in balsam poplar, Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Quél. caused most of the decay in this host, excepting that ascribed to Fomes igniarius. Pholiola destruens did not occur in aspen. Many fungi caused both basal and stem infections in both hosts, while few caused infections of one type only. Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél. caused the greatest number of basal infections in aspen but was exceeded by Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The greatest amount of butt decay was ascribed to Phlebia strigosozonala (Schw.) Lloyd in aspen and to Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The overall losses of volume due to decay were 25% and 10%, respectively, for aspen and balsam poplar.

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document