FUNGI AND DECAY IN ASPEN AND BALSAM POPLAR IN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION, ALBERTA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Thomas ◽  
D. E. Etheridge ◽  
Glen Paul
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Examination of 835 living trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 527 balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) on 47 sample plots of mixed-wood forest of the Boreal Forest Region, Alberta, showed 73% of the aspen and 61% of the balsam poplar to be decayed. Additional trees of both species were infected by stain-producing fungi. The incidence of infection in aspen decreased from mesic sites to dry sites, while that for balsam poplar was about the same in mesic and wet sites. Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx was the first ranking fungus in both hosts in terms of associated decay. It had the greatest incidence of all fungi in aspen but ranked third to Pholiota spectabilis (Fr.) Quél. and Polyporus aduslus Willd. ex Fr. in balsam poplar. Corticium polygonium Pers. and Radulum casearium (Morg.) Lloyd together caused about as much decay in aspen as did Fomes igniarius, although neither fungus occurred in balsam poplar. Contrary to its generally low incidence in balsam poplar, Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Quél. caused most of the decay in this host, excepting that ascribed to Fomes igniarius. Pholiola destruens did not occur in aspen. Many fungi caused both basal and stem infections in both hosts, while few caused infections of one type only. Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél. caused the greatest number of basal infections in aspen but was exceeded by Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The greatest amount of butt decay was ascribed to Phlebia strigosozonala (Schw.) Lloyd in aspen and to Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The overall losses of volume due to decay were 25% and 10%, respectively, for aspen and balsam poplar.

Photosynthetic and morphological responses of white birch, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen to freezing and artificial defoliation

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Spring Frosts

Comparative stress resistance of 1-year-old white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings was evaluated after exposure to freezing or defoliation. Photosynthesis in leaves surviving freezing (−5 °C) declined immediately after treatment, but nearly fully recovered within 3 weeks. Defoliation did not significantly increase photosynthesis in the remaining leaves. Refoliation occurred after freezing that killed terminal shoots and released current buds from apical dominance, while new leaves of larger size were produced through continuous growth of terminal shoots in 50% or 100% defoliation. Freezing and complete defoliation significantly reduced diameter and height growth in all species, whereas 50% defoliation did not affect growth. These results indicate some of the physiological and morphological responses to foliage loss in broadleaved boreal species that can help to maintain growth and productivity under a warming climate, which may result in more frequent damaging spring frosts and insect defoliation.

Adventitious rooting of four Salicaceae species in response to a flooding event

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne E. Krasny ◽  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
The Mean

The ability to form adventitious roots in response to a flooding event was examined in three floodplain species, sandbar willow (Salix interior Rowlee), feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and one upland species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), in interior Alaska. The mean number of adventitious roots formed per seedling was 7, 5, 2, and 0 for sandbar willow, feltleaf willow, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen, respectively. The ability to form adventitious roots was related to the distribution of the species on the floodplain.

Fungi of the Canadian boreal forest region: Catulus aquilonius gen. et sp.nov., a hyperparasite on Seuratia millardetii

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 2344-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Malloch ◽  
C. T. Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

A new genus and species of ascomycetes, Catulus aquilonius, is described, illustrated, and tentatively assigned to the Mycosphaerellaceae. It grows as a parasite on stromata of Seuratia millardetii (Raciborski) Meeker and is characterized by two-celled, setulose ascospores.

scholarly journals Foliar Penetration of Picloram and 2,4-D in Aspen and Balsam Poplar

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Added surfactant (Atlox 210) at 1% (v/v) and high relative humidity enhanced the penetration of both 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) into detached leaves of aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The influence of added surfactant was greater for picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D than for the ethyl or butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D. Penetration of picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D occurred more readily from the abaxial than from adaxial surfaces of leaves. The ethyl ester of 2,4-D penetrated equally readily from both leaf surfaces. Penetration of picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D from the adaxial surface of leaves occurred readily in young leaves in early June. There was an increase in penetration in early July followed by a decrease in August and September to a level equal to or less than that in June. Penetration from the abaxial surface of leaves was nearly equal in June and July, but there was a gradual decrease in August and September. An increase in temperature from 10 to 25.5 or to 40.5 C resulted in a sharp increase in penetration of both picloram and 2,4-D under both low and high relative humidity. Autoradiographic evidence showed that movement of picloram within the leaf also was much more extensive at the higher temperatures. Partial removal of cuticular waxes from the adaxial surface of leaves with chloroform resulted in up to four-fold increases in penetration of picloram and 2,4-D. Differences in penetration rate of picloram between leaves of aspen poplar and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) did not account for reported differences in susceptibility between these two species.

Kraft Pulping and Specific Gravity in the Uppermost Stem of Fertilized Balsam Fir

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gagnon ◽  
K. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Samples of five pairs of fertilized and non-fertilized 60-year-old natural balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) growing in the Quebec boreal forest region were pulped by the kraft process and the specific gravity was measured. Analyses carried out 7 years after treatment on the last seven terminal internodes revealed the mean pulp yield of trees fertilized exceeded that of non-fertilized by 7%, while the mean specific gravity was about 6% lower.

Mixed-species effect on tree aboveground carbon pools in the east-central boreal forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cavard ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
David Paré
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Aboveground Carbon

This study investigates the potential of mixed forest stands as better aboveground carbon sinks than pure stands. According to the facilitation and niche complementarity hypotheses, we predict higher carbon sequestration in mature boreal mixedwoods. Aboveground carbon contents of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) mixtures were investigated in the eastern boreal forest, whereas jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen were used in the central boreal forest. No carbon gain was found in species mixtures; nearly pure trembling aspen stands contained the greatest amount of aboveground carbon, black spruce stands had the least, and mixtures were intermediate with amounts that could generally be predicted by linear interpolation with stem proportions. These results suggest that for aspen, the potentially detrimental effect of spruce on soils observed in other studies may be offset by greater light availability in mixtures. On the other hand, for black spruce, the potentially beneficial effects of aspen on soils could be offset by greater competition by aspen for nutrients and light. The mixture of jack pine and trembling aspen did not benefit any of these species while inducing a loss in trembling aspen carbon at the stand level.

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