Genetic variability and phytogeography of Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus, an apomictic grass, based on RAPD fingerprints

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hung Chou ◽  
Yu-Chung Chiang ◽  
Tzen-Yuh Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Two Populations

DNA fingerprinting using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was employed to investigate the genetic variation within and among populations of Miscanthus Anderss. sinensis var. condensatus (Hack.) Makino, an apomictic grass distributed along the coasts of Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands. A total of 250 plants from three Taiwanese populations (Southeast Coast, Orchid Islet, and Green Islet) and two populations from Ryukyu (Ishigaki and Amami-O-Shima Islets) were sampled. The amplified products of 40 random primers showed monomorphic banding patterns within all populations as well as among the three populations from Taiwan. Low genetic variation (with only two polymorphic loci), but significant differentiation, was detected between populations from Taiwan and Ryukyu (ΦCT = 0.864) and between populations (ΦST = 1.0) from Ishigaki and Amami-O-Shima Islets. In contrast, a high level of variation was exhibited in the outcrossing Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber (Nakai) Li. In addition to apomictic reproduction, low genetic variation across populations of M. sinensis var. condensatus may be a result of high salinity acting as a selective agent. With the cost of reduced genetic heterogeneity, apomixis may have provided a mechanism for avoiding the transmission of endophytic fungi. The phytogeographic pattern of M. sinensis var. condensatus, as reflected by the RAPD data, likely represents isolation between Taiwan and Ryukyu since the mid-Pleistocene.Key words: apomixis, Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus, phytogeography, population differentiation, RAPD, system of mating.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of two Brazilian populations of the Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FP. Rodrigues ◽  
JF. Garcia ◽  
PRR. Ramos ◽  
J. Bortolozzi ◽  
JMB. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Ozotoceros Bezoarticus ◽  
Two Populations

The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is one of the most endangered Neotropical cervid with populations that have been drastically reduced to small and isolated ones, mainly because of its habitat destruction. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze population divergence and genetic variation within and between two populations corresponding to distinct subspecies. The RAPD markers displayed substantial genetic variation with all animals possessing unique RAPD phenotypes over 105 polymorphic bands produced by 15 primers. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and a neighbor-joining cluster analysis were performed to assess levels of differentiation between populations. No differentiation was recorded and about 96.0% (P < 0.00001) of the total variance was attributable to variation within populations. This result is quite distinct from data obtained by the analysis of the mtDNA control region, and is discussed on the basis of genetic differences between the different markers and the male-biased dispersal patterns generally observed in the mammal species. The data presented herein are potentially useful for future taxonomic and genetic studies in this species, for the monitoring of the genetic variation observed within these populations, and for the development of management guidelines for its conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. based on RAPD markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
M. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zahidur Rahman ◽  
Sonia Khan Sony ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Molecular Relationships

Genetic variation and molecular relationships among eight taxa of Desmodium Desv. were assessed on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The banding patterns of eight taxa namely, Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., D. heterocarpon (L.) DC., D. heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., D. motorium (Houtt.) Merr., D. pulchellum (L.) Benth., D. triflorum (L.) DC., D. triquetrum (L.) DC. and D. triquetrumsubsp. alatum (DC.) Prain were compared. A total of 81 DNA fragments were detected by 11 primers. Among the taxa studied D. triquetrum and D. triquetrum subsp. alatum were found to be most closely related followed by close proximity between D. gangeticum and D. motorium. The highest genetic distance was observed between D. triflorum and D. heterophyllum followed by D. heterocarpon and D. heterophyllum. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed to show the genetic relatedness among the taxa employed and the tree revealed a close proximity among D. pulchellum, D. gangeticum and D. motorium. In contrast, D. heterophyllum was found distantly related with rest of the taxa.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 149–154.

scholarly journals Detection and analysis of genetic variation in Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Taxon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luque ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
J. Avalos ◽  
I. L. Calderón ◽  
M. E. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna

Molecular Differentiation Within and Between Eucalyptus risdonii, E. amygdalina and Their Hybrids Using RAPD Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Sale ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
AK West ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Advanced Generation

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies of a natural hybrid swarm between Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. and E. risdonii Hook.f. and nearby allopatric stands revealed that, despite clear morphological differences, all bands were shared between species. However, frequency differences revealed genetic divergence between species, populations within species, and individuals within populations. Variation was greatest between individuals within populations and lowest between species. For both species, the direction of variation which distinguished the two populations was in a different direction to that which separated the two species, suggesting population differences were not due to introgression but were the result of genetic isolation and/or strong localised selection. Several morphologically typical individuals with intermediate RAPD profiles were detected in the hybrid swarm and nearby allopatric samples of both species, suggesting that some cryptic introgression may be occurring. Controlled F1 crosses generally had closer genetic affinity to E. risdonii, raising the possibility that some parents used may have been advanced generation hybrids. While natural hybrids selected for their intermediate leaf phenotype were usually also intermediate between the two species using RAPD markers, some deviated markedly toward E. risdonii. The study suggests that morphological appearance does not necessarily reflect genetic (RAPD) status and in some cases detectable RAPD differences between spatially close populations of the same species may be as great or greater than the differences between species.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis of Canning Quality Traits in Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Carmela T. Posa-Macalincag ◽  
George L. Hosfield ◽  
Kenneth F. Grafton ◽  
Mark A. Uebersax ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Canning Quality

Canning quality of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), of which the degree of splitting (SPLT) and overall appearance (APP) of canned beans are major components, is a complex trait that exhibits quantitative inheritance. The objectives of this study were to identify major genes that affect APP and SPLT in kidney bean, and map the location of these loci to the integrated core map of common bean. The analysis was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and two populations of kidney bean, consisting of 75 and 73 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), respectively. The two populations—`Montcalm' × `California Dark Red Kidney 82' and `Montcalm' × `California Early Light Red Kidney'—were planted in six year-location combinations in Michigan, Minnesota and North Dakota from 1996 to 1999. Correlations between APP and SPLT were high (0.91 to 0.97). Heritability estimates for APP and SPLT ranged from 0.83 to 0.85 in the two populations. Major genes for these traits were identified on two linkage groups. The first QTL, associated with seven RAPD markers, was putatively mapped to the B8 linkage group of the core bean linkage map. Desirable canning quality appeared to be derived from Montcalm at this locus. The second QTL, associated with four markers, appeared to be derived from the California parents. The second linkage group was not assigned to a linkage group in the core map. Population and environment-specificity were observed for the markers identified.

Rapd variation of late-maturing sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces from Ethiopia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mamo ◽  
A. Ayana ◽  
T. Tesso
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A study on the extent and pattern of genetic variability in late-maturing sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces collected from the Wello and Hararge areas of Ethiopia was conducted using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for 70 individuals representing 14 populations. Four oligonucleotide primers generated a total of 55 polymorphic bands with 13–19 bands per primer and a mean of 16 bands across the 70 individuals. The value of the Shannon diversity index among the populations (0.26) and between the two regions (0.24) was low to moderate, despite the high degree of polymorphic bands per primer. The mean genetic distance (0.25) between the populations was found to be low. The low genetic variation may be due to the reduced population size of late-maturing sorghum landraces in the two regions of Ethiopia because of farmers’ decisions in the process of planting, managing, harvesting and processing their crops. Partitioning of the genetic variation into variation between and within the population revealed that 92.9% and 7.10% of the variation was found to be between and within the populations, respectively. Cluster analysis of genetic distance estimates further confirmed a low level of differentiation in late-maturing sorghum populations both between and within the regions. The implications of the results for genetic conservation purposes are discussed.

scholarly journals Ascochyta fabae and A. lentis: Host Specificity, Teleomorphs (Didymella), Hybrid Analysis, and Taxonomic Status

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kaiser ◽  
B.-C. Wang ◽  
J. D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Isolates of Ascochyta fabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae.

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