Resident's Evaluation of Trade-off between Convenience of Urban Transport Facilities and their Environmental Impacts

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Shogo Kawakami ◽  
Yasuhiro Hirobata ◽  
Eikichi Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Trade Off

Optimization of environmental impacts of construction projects: a time–cost–quality trade-off approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Banihashemi ◽  
Mohammad Khalilzadeh ◽  
A. Shahraki ◽  
M. Rostami Malkhalifeh ◽  
S. S. R. Ahmadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Innovative responses to urban transportation: current practice in Australian cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jago Dodson ◽  
Carey Curtis ◽  
David Ashmore ◽  
Ian Woodcock ◽  
Stephen Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Travel Patterns

This research explores how Australian urban transport programs and policies are responding to changes in transport technology, travel patterns and environmental impacts so as to identify potential policy directions.

Estimating Optimal Small Hydropower Portfolios in Data Scarce Southern African Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simbi Hatchard ◽  
Paul Bates ◽  
Francesca Pianosi ◽  
Sam Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Hydraulic Geometry ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Satellite Rainfall

<p>Small, run of the river hydropower (SHP) has the potential to help provide rural regions in developing countries with access to power. Satellite rainfall products can be used in these often data sparse regions to drive a series of linked models to determine locations feasible SHP sites. However, the inherent uncertainty in satellite rainfall products are a significant source of error, and this must be quantified. Additionally, there is a trade-off between the benefits of power produced from SHP and the cumulative environmental impacts they may produce when multiple are implemented across a basin, and it is important to assess this trade off.  </p><p>The first part of this study calculates the uncertainty in predictions of SHP potential due to satellite rainfall uncertainty across a data sparse catchment. Comparisons of predicted power and its uncertainty are then made at locations where known SHP sites are located, to evaluate the model’s usefulness. The second part of the study involves assessing the trade-off between the cumulative power output and cumulative environmental impact of a range of SHP portfolios, to assess at which locations it is best to construct in order to maximise power output benefits and minimise negative environmental impacts.  </p><p>A calibrated, linked VIC–LISFLOOD hydrodynamic model driven by different satellite derived rainfall datasets was constructed at 5km resolution on the Pungwe Basin in Mozambique / Zimbabwe. The VIC model was calibrated to a single available GRDC gauging station. A LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model with sub grid channel representation of small rivers was created from the HYDROSHEDs network, river widths extracted from multiple databases, hydraulic geometry relationships for bed depth, and MERIT DEM. Modelled flow from the 5km VIC cells were routed into each 90m LISFLOOD-FP river pixel. Power Duration Curves were then derived for each river pixel across the basin, and the modelled power predictions were evaluated using six known SHP sites in the upper reaches of the basin. Geostatistical techniques were then applied to generate ensembles of satellite rainfall realisations, which were propagated through the model chain, in order to establish the uncertainty in the modelled power. </p><p>Broad assessment of environmental impact has been made based on impacts SHP impacts on river connectivity, with subsequent multi-objective optimisation to analyse the trade-offs between different portfolios based on cumulative power output and impact on river connectivity using the NSGAII algorithm, and thus suggest optimum locations.  </p>

The trade-off analysis for the mitigation of underwater noise pollution from commercial vessels: Case study – Trans Mountain project, Port of Vancouver, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-617
Author(s):  
Seyedvahid Vakili ◽  
Aykut I Ölcer ◽  
Fabio Ballini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multiple Attribute

Although shipping has significant positive effect on human civilization, it introduced negative environmental impacts such as oil, air, and plastic pollutions. Many negative externalities through international and local regulations have been in place, and preventive actions have been taken to monitor and control. However, underwater noise pollution as an emerging negative shipping impact has not been well introduced to society nor appropriately regulated in international scale. Because of traffic density and the presence of sensitive marine species in some parts of the world, the negative social and environmental impacts of underwater noise pollution become more critical. Haro Strait due to high shipping traffic and presence of vulnerable marine species such as Southern Resident Killer Whale is a good example. The majority of ocean-going vessels transiting to Vancouver and vice versa pass through the corridor which includes Haro Strait. Tankers currently represent about 2% of total ship traffic visiting the Port of Vancouver; however, regarding the Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project, the traffic density will grow by 11%, which will enhance the adverse impacts of underwater noise pollution on marine mammals. This study, by considering the features and characteristics of the area and the project, proposed four scenarios and modelling. The article by developing simulations and utilizing the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (Multiple Attribute Decision Making) algorithms and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution techniques strives to trade-off between the environmental (noise and CO2 emission) and economical (fuel cost) aspects of the project to enhance the Decision Support System to promote sustainable development. This will help the decision makers to have a multi-dimensional thinking instead of the single-dimensional thinking in addressing and tackling the negative externalities of the Trans Mountain project in the area. Moreover, at the end of each scenario, a sensitivity analysis will be conducted to provide a clean environment for decision makers.

Environmental Impacts Due to Urban Transport

2004 ◽  
pp. 99-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sperling ◽  
Shinya Hanaoka ◽  
Akira Okada ◽  
Makoto Okazaki ◽  
Wolfgang Shade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Transport

Time-cost-quality-environmental impact trade-off resource-constrained project scheduling problem with DEA approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyid Ali Banihashemi ◽  
Mohammad Khalilzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Execution Mode ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
Efficient Execution

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate project activities' efficiency in different execution modes for the optimization of time–cost-quality and environmental impacts trade-off problem.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a parallel Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method for evaluation of project activities with different execution modes to select the best execution mode and find a trade-off between objectives. Also, according to the nature of the project activities, outputs are categorized into desirable (quality) and undesirable (time, cost and environmental impacts) and analyzed based on the DEA model. In order to rank efficient execution modes, the ideal and anti-ideal virtual units method is used. The proposed model is implemented on a real case of a rural water supply construction project to demonstrate its validity.FindingsThe findings show that the use of the efficient execution mode in each activity leads to an optimal trade-off between the four project objectives (time, cost, quality and environmental impacts).Practical implicationsThis study help project managers and practitioners with choosing the most efficient execution modes of project activities taking time–cost-quality-environmental impacts into account.Originality/valueIn this paper, in addition to time and cost optimization of construction projects, quality factors and environmental impacts are considered. Further to the authors' knowledge, there is no method for evaluating project activities' efficiency. The efficiency of different activity modes is also evaluated for the first time to select the most efficient modes. This research can assist project managers with choosing the most appropriate execution modes for the activities to ultimately accomplish the project with the lowest time, cost and environmental impacts along with the highest quality.

Environmental Regulations in Shipping: Interactions and Side Effects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Jafarzadeh ◽  
Harald Ellingsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Environmental Goals

The shipping sector progressively faces stricter environmental regulations. Several technical and operational measures are available to ship owners and operators in order to comply with these regulations. While some measures are successful in reducing emissions of a pollutant, they may increase emissions of other pollutants. In addition, there may be interactions between regulations on environmental impacts on sea and air. In some other cases, despite the success of these measures in reducing environmental footprints of ships, the environmental problem may shift elsewhere in the life cycle. Therefore, there may be a trade-off between different environmental controls and, in a broader context, a trade-off between environmental impacts at a life stage and overall environmental goals. Although several studies focus on addressing individual regulations, few acknowledge such interactions. This study aims at highlighting the side effects of different measures to address environmental regulations.

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