Social choice, uncertainty about external costs and trade-off between intergenerational environmental impacts: The emblematic case of gas-based energy supply decentralization

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Gullì
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Trade Off

Water Recovery Systems for Steam-Injected Gas Turbines: Size Optimization and Life Cycle Savings

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Blanco ◽  
Lawrence L. Ambs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Injection Technology

Steam injection in gas turbines has been used for many years to increase the power output as well as the efficiency of the system and, more recently, to reduce the formation of NOx during the combustion. The major drawback in steam-injection technology is the need of large amounts of fresh water that is eventually lost into the atmosphere along with the exhaust gas. This loss not only increases the operating costs of the system, but also creates other “external” costs in terms of environmental impacts. In order to take advantage of the steam-injection technology and reduce both operating costs and potential environmental impacts, water recovery systems to recuperate the injected steam from the exhaust gas can be implemented. This paper briefly describes the computer models developed at the University of Massachusetts Amherst to optimize water recovery systems. As an example, the optimum size, power requirement and capital cost for two different systems applied to the GE LM2500 gas turbine are shown. Finally, a comparative economic analysis between the costs of installing and operating a water recovery system and the costs of buying and treating water on a regular basis during the lifetime of the project is presented. The results support the economic feasibility of water recovery for mid-size steam-injected gas turbines before having introduced the external costs associated with the use of water resources.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Field Based WPT Technologies for UAVs: A Comprehensive Survey

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh T. Nguyen ◽  
Cuong V. Nguyen ◽  
Linh H. Truong ◽  
Anh M. Le ◽  
Toan V. Quyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Or Applications

Wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques are important in a variety of applications in both civilian and military fields. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used for many practical purposes, such as monitoring or delivering payloads. There is a trade-off between the weight of the UAVs or their batteries and their flying time. Their working time is expected to be as long as possible. In order to support the UAVs to work effectively, WPT techniques are applied with UAVs to charge secondary energy supply sources in order to increase their working time. This paper reviews common techniques of WPT deployed with UAVs to support them while working for different purposes. Numerous approaches have been considered to illustrate techniques to exploit WPT techniques. The charging distances, energy harvesting techniques, electronic device improvements, transmitting issues, etc., are considered to provide an overview of common problems in utilizing and charging UAVs. Moreover, specific problems are addressed to support suitable solutions with either techniques or applications for UAVs.

Optimization of environmental impacts of construction projects: a time–cost–quality trade-off approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Banihashemi ◽  
Mohammad Khalilzadeh ◽  
A. Shahraki ◽  
M. Rostami Malkhalifeh ◽  
S. S. R. Ahmadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off

Estimating Optimal Small Hydropower Portfolios in Data Scarce Southern African Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simbi Hatchard ◽  
Paul Bates ◽  
Francesca Pianosi ◽  
Sam Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Hydraulic Geometry ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Satellite Rainfall

<p>Small, run of the river hydropower (SHP) has the potential to help provide rural regions in developing countries with access to power. Satellite rainfall products can be used in these often data sparse regions to drive a series of linked models to determine locations feasible SHP sites. However, the inherent uncertainty in satellite rainfall products are a significant source of error, and this must be quantified. Additionally, there is a trade-off between the benefits of power produced from SHP and the cumulative environmental impacts they may produce when multiple are implemented across a basin, and it is important to assess this trade off.  </p><p>The first part of this study calculates the uncertainty in predictions of SHP potential due to satellite rainfall uncertainty across a data sparse catchment. Comparisons of predicted power and its uncertainty are then made at locations where known SHP sites are located, to evaluate the model’s usefulness. The second part of the study involves assessing the trade-off between the cumulative power output and cumulative environmental impact of a range of SHP portfolios, to assess at which locations it is best to construct in order to maximise power output benefits and minimise negative environmental impacts.  </p><p>A calibrated, linked VIC–LISFLOOD hydrodynamic model driven by different satellite derived rainfall datasets was constructed at 5km resolution on the Pungwe Basin in Mozambique / Zimbabwe. The VIC model was calibrated to a single available GRDC gauging station. A LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model with sub grid channel representation of small rivers was created from the HYDROSHEDs network, river widths extracted from multiple databases, hydraulic geometry relationships for bed depth, and MERIT DEM. Modelled flow from the 5km VIC cells were routed into each 90m LISFLOOD-FP river pixel. Power Duration Curves were then derived for each river pixel across the basin, and the modelled power predictions were evaluated using six known SHP sites in the upper reaches of the basin. Geostatistical techniques were then applied to generate ensembles of satellite rainfall realisations, which were propagated through the model chain, in order to establish the uncertainty in the modelled power. </p><p>Broad assessment of environmental impact has been made based on impacts SHP impacts on river connectivity, with subsequent multi-objective optimisation to analyse the trade-offs between different portfolios based on cumulative power output and impact on river connectivity using the NSGAII algorithm, and thus suggest optimum locations.  </p>

TRusT: A Two-stage Robustness Trade-off approach for the design of decentralized energy supply systems

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Elena Majewski ◽  
Matthias Lampe ◽  
Philip Voll ◽  
André Bardow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Supply Systems

The trade-off analysis for the mitigation of underwater noise pollution from commercial vessels: Case study – Trans Mountain project, Port of Vancouver, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-617
Author(s):  
Seyedvahid Vakili ◽  
Aykut I Ölcer ◽  
Fabio Ballini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multiple Attribute

Although shipping has significant positive effect on human civilization, it introduced negative environmental impacts such as oil, air, and plastic pollutions. Many negative externalities through international and local regulations have been in place, and preventive actions have been taken to monitor and control. However, underwater noise pollution as an emerging negative shipping impact has not been well introduced to society nor appropriately regulated in international scale. Because of traffic density and the presence of sensitive marine species in some parts of the world, the negative social and environmental impacts of underwater noise pollution become more critical. Haro Strait due to high shipping traffic and presence of vulnerable marine species such as Southern Resident Killer Whale is a good example. The majority of ocean-going vessels transiting to Vancouver and vice versa pass through the corridor which includes Haro Strait. Tankers currently represent about 2% of total ship traffic visiting the Port of Vancouver; however, regarding the Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project, the traffic density will grow by 11%, which will enhance the adverse impacts of underwater noise pollution on marine mammals. This study, by considering the features and characteristics of the area and the project, proposed four scenarios and modelling. The article by developing simulations and utilizing the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (Multiple Attribute Decision Making) algorithms and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution techniques strives to trade-off between the environmental (noise and CO2 emission) and economical (fuel cost) aspects of the project to enhance the Decision Support System to promote sustainable development. This will help the decision makers to have a multi-dimensional thinking instead of the single-dimensional thinking in addressing and tackling the negative externalities of the Trans Mountain project in the area. Moreover, at the end of each scenario, a sensitivity analysis will be conducted to provide a clean environment for decision makers.

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