scholarly journals Diversity of ndo Genes in Mangrove Sediments Exposed to Different Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (22) ◽  
pp. 7392-7399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton C. Marcial Gomes ◽  
Ludmila R. Borges ◽  
Rodolfo Paranhos ◽  
Fernando N. Pinto ◽  
Ellen Krögerrecklenfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Southern Blot ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants originating from oil spills and wood and fuel combustion are pollutants which are among the major threats to mangrove ecosystems. In this study, the composition and relative abundance in the sediment bacterial communities of naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo) genes which are important for bacterial adaptation to environmental PAH contamination were investigated. Three urban mangrove sites which had characteristic compositions and levels of PAH compounds in the sediments were selected. The diversity and relative abundance of ndo genes in total community DNA were assessed by a newly developed ndo denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach and by PCR amplification with primers targeting ndo genes with subsequent Southern blot hybridization analyses. Bacterial populations inhabiting sediments of urban mangroves under the impact of different sources of PAH contamination harbor distinct ndo genotypes. Sequencing of cloned ndo amplicons comigrating with dominant DGGE bands revealed new ndo genotypes. PCR-Southern blot analysis and ndo DGGE showed that the frequently studied nah and phn genotypes were not detected as dominant ndo types in the mangrove sediments. However, ndo genotypes related to nagAc-like genes were detected, but only in oil-contaminated mangrove sediments. The long-term impact of PAH contamination, together with the specific environmental conditions at each site, may have affected the abundance and diversity of ndo genes in sediments of urban mangroves.

scholarly journals Impact of basidiomycete fungi on the wettability of soil contaminated with a hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hallett ◽  
Nia White ◽  
Karl Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

AbstractPolyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present a challenge to bioremediation because they are hydrophobic, thus influencing the water availability and repellency of soil. The addition of different concentrations of the PAH, anthracene, showed it to induce moderate levels of repellency. We investigated the efficacy of three basidiomycete fungal species on improving the wettability of soil by reducing repellency caused by contamination of soil with 7 ppm anthracene. A microcosm system was used that enabled determination of the impact of fungi on wettability at three locations down a 30 mm deep repacked soil core. Before incubation with fungi, the contaminated soil had a repellency of R = 3.12 ± 0.08 (s.e.). After 28 days incubation, Coriolus versicolor caused a significant reduction in repellency to R = 1.79 ± 0.35 (P < 0.001) for the top section of the soil in a microcosm. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phlebia radiata did not influence repellency. None of the fungi had an effect at 20 mm depth.

scholarly journals Outdoor Environment and Pediatric Asthma: An Update on the Evidence from North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Pollock ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
Ronald W. Gimbel
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The evidence about the association between asthma and outdoor environmental factors has been inadequate for certain allergens. Even less is known about how these associations vary across seasons and climate regions. We reviewed recent literature from North America for research related to outdoor environmental factors and pediatric asthma, with attention to spatial-temporal variations of these associations. Method. We included indexed literature between years 2010 and 2015 on outdoor environmental factors and pediatric asthma, by searching PubMed. Results. Our search resulted in 33 manuscripts. Studies about the link between pediatric asthma and traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) consistently confirmed the correlation between TRAP and asthma. For general air pollution, the roles of PM2.5 and CO were consistent across studies. The link between asthma and O3 varied across seasons. Regional variation exists in the role of SO2. The impact of pollen was consistent across seasons, whereas the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was less consistent. Discussion. Recent studies strengthened the evidence about the roles of PM2.5, TRAP, CO, and pollen in asthma, while the evidence for roles of PM10-2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in asthma was less consistent. Spatial-temporal details of the environment are needed in future studies of asthma and environment.

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Pendegradasi Minyak Mentah dan Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon dari Sedimen Mangrove Bintan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Nur Fitriah Afianti ◽  
Deva Febrian ◽  
Dede Falahudin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

<strong>Isolation of Crude Oil and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria from Mangrove Sediments in Bintan.</strong> Bintan is known for its extensive mangrove areas, but it is prone to pollution from oil spills due to it is close to the international shipping lane. Indigenous bacteria plays important roles in bioremediation of oil spills in the natural environment. This research aims to explore indigenous bacteria from Bintan’s mangrove sediments which may have ability to degrade crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The mangrove sediment samples were taken in March 2018 from the sediments near four different mangrove plant species, i.e. <em>Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum, Ceriops tagal </em>and <em>Lumnitzera littorea</em>. Isolation of oil degrading bacteria was carried out using enrichment media supplemented with crude oil ALCO. A total of 45 strains of oil degrading bacteria were successfully isolated from the sediment samples. By using sublimation method, 13 bacterial isolates showed the ability to degrade various PAHs, including phenanthrene, acenaphthene, dibenzothiophene and fluorene. Sequencing analysis of 16s rRNA genes confirmed that the 13 isolated bacteria belong to the genera <em>Rhodococcus, Bacillus</em>, <em>Sphingopyxis</em>, <em>Rhizobium</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em>, and <em>Gordonia</em>

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Dynamics and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation during Bioremediation of Heavily Creosote-Contaminated Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 7008-7018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Viñas ◽  
Jordi Sabaté ◽  
María José Espuny ◽  
Anna M. Solanas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

ABSTRACT Bacterial community dynamics and biodegradation processes were examined in a highly creosote-contaminated soil undergoing a range of laboratory-based bioremediation treatments. The dynamics of the eubacterial community, the number of heterotrophs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and PAH concentrations were monitored during the bioremediation process. TPH and PAHs were significantly degraded in all treatments (72 to 79% and 83 to 87%, respectively), and the biodegradation values were higher when nutrients were not added, especially for benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene. The moisture content and aeration were determined to be the key factors associated with PAH bioremediation. Neither biosurfactant addition, bioaugmentation, nor ferric octate addition led to differences in PAH or TPH biodegradation compared to biodegradation with nutrient treatment. All treatments resulted in a high first-order degradation rate during the first 45 days, which was markedly reduced after 90 days. A sharp increase in the size of the heterotrophic and PAH-degrading microbial populations was observed, which coincided with the highest rates of TPH and PAH biodegradation. At the end of the incubation period, PAH degraders were more prevalent in samples to which nutrients had not been added. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and principal-component analysis confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to both the biodegradation process and the addition of nutrients. At early stages of biodegradation, the α-Proteobacteria group (genera Sphingomonas and Azospirillum) was the dominant group in all treatments. At later stages, the γ-Proteobacteria group (genus Xanthomonas), the α-Proteobacteria group (genus Sphingomonas), and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (Bacteroidetes) were the dominant groups in the nonnutrient treatment, while the γ-Proteobacteria group (genus Xathomonas), the β-Proteobacteria group (genera Alcaligenes and Achromobacter), and the α-Proteobacteria group (genus Sphingomonas) were the dominant groups in the nutrient treatment. This study shows that specific bacterial phylotypes are associated both with different phases of PAH degradation and with nutrient addition in a preadapted PAH-contaminated soil. Our findings also suggest that there are complex interactions between bacterial species and medium conditions that influence the biodegradation capacity of the microbial communities involved in bioremediation processes.

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