scholarly journals Local Tissue Response to Subcutaneous Administration of Ceftriaxone in an Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent H. Tam ◽  
Daniel N. Cohen ◽  
Kimberly R. Ledesma ◽  
Bobby Guillory ◽  
Katrina Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Local Tolerability ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Local Tissue ◽  
Thickness Skin

ABSTRACT Subcutaneous administration is a novel way to deliver antibiotics for an infection, but intolerability has been reported. Evaluating the local tolerability of subcutaneously administered antibiotics is not standardized. The goal of this study was to develop an animal model to assess the subcutaneous administration of ceftriaxone. Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections for 12 days. The back of each animal was divided into 4 quadrants, with injections rotating each day among the quadrants. Ceftriaxone (1,000 mg/kg of body weight daily) was given in different concentrations and durations. Normal saline and potassium chloride solutions (2 meq/2 ml) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. After the treatment course, skin samples were biopsied, and the local inflammatory response was assessed histologically using a semiquantitative scoring system. The histopathology scores were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Injections with potassium chloride resulted in full-thickness skin necrosis with subcutaneous atrophy that was not seen in the saline-injected animals; inflammation of the muscular panniculus was observed, with various degrees of myocyte injury. Serosanguinous cavity formation in the subcutaneous compartment was observed when ceftriaxone (125 mg/ml) was given as a bolus injection, but the extent of the local tissue response was remarkably reduced when the same ceftriaxone dose was given at a lower concentration (25 mg/ml) over 120 min (P = 0.63, compared to saline controls). At a low concentration, ceftriaxone infusion was found to be well tolerated in this animal tissue necrosis model. If validated, the model could be an instrumental platform to evaluate different pharmaceutical formulations for subcutaneous delivery.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotine Administered by Patch in an Animal Model

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Kalra ◽  
Shashi P. Singh ◽  
Juan C. Pena-Philippides ◽  
Raymond J. Langley ◽  
Seddigheh Razani-Boroujerdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Immunological Effects

ABSTRACT To study the immunological effects of nicotine, there are several rodent models for chronic nicotine administration. These models include subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps, nicotine-spiked drinking water, and self-administration via jugular cannulae. Administration of nicotine via these routes affects the immune system. Smokers frequently use nicotine patches to quit smoking, and the immunological effects of nicotine patches are largely unknown. To determine whether the nicotine patch affects the immune system, nicotine patches were affixed daily onto the backs of Lewis rats for 3 to 4 weeks. The patches efficiently raised the levels of nicotine and cotinine in serum and strongly inhibited the antibody-forming cell response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. The nicotine patch also suppressed the concanavalin A-induced T-cell proliferation and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by spleen cells, as well as the fever response of animals to subcutaneous administration of turpentine. Moreover, immunosuppression was associated with chronic activation of protein tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C-γ1 activities. Thus, in this animal model of nicotine administration, the nicotine patch efficiently raises the levels of nicotine and cotinine in serum and impairs both the immune and inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals The combination of Acalypha indica–Centella asiatica extracts decreases the neuronal damage in hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-44
Author(s):  
Siti Farida ◽  
Desak G.B. Krisnamurti ◽  
Ninik Mudjihartini ◽  
Erni H. Purwaningsih ◽  
Imelda M. Sianipar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Background: Approximately 80–85% of strokes are ischemic and lead to alterations in neuronal cell morphology and cell death. There is a lack of studies on the effect of the combination of Acalypha indica L. (AI) and Centella asiatica L. (CA) in terms of its neurotherapy property. This study was conducted to investigate the neurotherapeutic effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts in improving rat’s hippocampal neuron injury post-hypoxia.Methods: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into six groups and placed in a hypoxia chamber for 7 consecutive days. Then, they were moved to normoxia cages and treated for 7 consecutive days as follows: control group without treatment as a negative control; treatment groups were administered citicoline 50 mg/kgBW as a positive control; three different dose combinations of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 mg/kgBW, respectively. Histological analyses were performed to assess the improvement in nerve cell damage in the hippocampus.Results: Treatment with citicoline significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (30.8%); the combination of the AI–CA extracts of AI150–CA150, AI200–CA150, and AI250–CA150 also significantly decreased the damage of nerve cells (36%, 36.4%, and 30.4%, respectively) compared to the control rats (15.4%).Conclusion: The combination of AI–CA extracts decreased the neuronal damage in the hypoxia-induced hippocampal injury animal model. The improvement effect of the combination of AI–CA extracts was not significantly different to citicoline.

The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model: a study of immunoregulatory cytokines

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Ferreira ◽  
J. E. Gomes-Filho ◽  
F. Benetti ◽  
M. Carminatti ◽  
E. Ervolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Immunoregulatory Cytokines

scholarly journals Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of two antimony products after subcutaneous administration in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Julie Rambaldi ◽  
Andrea Barbarossa ◽  
Eva Morbidelli ◽  
Anna Zaghini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Local Tolerability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Pentavalent Antimony ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Introduction: Pentavalent antimony is the first choice drug for leishmaniasis in dog. Leishmaniasis has a complex pathogenesis and it manifests various clinical signs, some of which are often similar to those associated with the toxicity induced by antimonial treatment. Among the reasons for this toxicity, also a general problem of drug’s quality has been reported. Methodology: The general and local tolerability of two commercially available meglumine antimoniate based veterinary products was evaluated in 12 healthy dogs, 6 receiving Antimania (Fatro, Italy) and 6 receiving Glucantime (Merial, Spain), following repeated subcutaneous administrations of therapeutic doses for 14 days. Results: Individual and mean values of haematological and biochemical parameters in both groups remained in the physiological range, with no considerable differences within the two groups. The general tolerability of the drugs was also supported by clinical observations and physical examination of the dogs throughout the whole study period. Only slight local reactions at the injection sites, that spontaneously disappeared, were observed for both products starting from 12-84 hours after the administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated no antimony accumulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that meglumine antimoniate administered at the recommended dosage regimen is well tolerated by healthy dogs, and that there is no significant difference between the two tested products.

Subcutaneous administration of paracetamol—Good local tolerability in palliative care patients: An observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît F Leheup ◽  
Stéphanie Ducousso ◽  
Stéphane Picard ◽  
Raphaël Alluin ◽  
Christophe Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Local Tolerability

Recombinant human regenerating gene 4 attenuates the severity of osteoarthritis by promoting the proliferation of articular chondrocyte in an animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-jia Li ◽  
Fei Zhu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Articular Chondrocyte ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gene 4

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a dominant cause of morbidity and disability. As a chronic disease, its etiological risk factors and most therapies at present, are empirical and symptomatic. Regenerating gene 4 (Reg4) is involved in cell growth, survival, regeneration, adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis, which are partially thought to be the pathogenic mechanisms of OA. However, the proper role of Reg4 in OA is still unknown. Methods: In this study, a consecutive administration of rhReg4 was applied to normal Sprague-Dawley rats or rats after OA induction. Histological changes and chondrocyte proliferation in the articular cartilage were measured. Results: We found that RhReg4 promotes chondrocyte proliferation in normal rats, and RhReg4 attenuated the severity of OA in rats by promoting chondrocytes’ proliferation in OA rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, recombinant human regenerating gene 4 (rhReg4) attenuates the severity of osteoarthritis in OA animal models and may be used as a new method for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Usefulness of a finger-mounted tissue oximeter with near-infrared spectroscopy for evaluating the intestinal oxygenation and viability in rats

Surgery Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhi Suzuki ◽  
Masayoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Kosuke Sugiyama ◽  
Toshiya Akai ◽  
Katsunori Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Normal Intestine

Abstract Purpose To investigate the utility of the device for evaluating intestinal oxygenation and viability using an animal model. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia, and the blood vessels in the terminal ileum were clamped to create ischemia. We measured the regional tissue oxygenation saturation (rSO2) using an oximeter after 1, 3, and 6 h of vessel clamping. Ischemic tissue damage was assessed using a histological score. The intestine was reperfused after each clamping period, and intestinal rSO2 and survival rate were evaluated. Results When reperfusion was performed at 1 and 3 h after ischemia, rSO2 increased after 10 min, and it improved to the same level as for normal intestine after 1 h; all rats survived for 1 week. In contrast, after 6 h of ischemia, rSO2 did not increase after reperfusion, and all animals died within 2 days. The histological scores increased after 1 h of reperfusion, with longer clamping periods. Conclusion A finger-mounted tissue oximeter could evaluate intestinal ischemia and the viability, which is thus considered to be a promising result for future clinical application.

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