scholarly journals Upregulation of Apoptosis Pathway Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of HIV-Infected Individuals with Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Mitochondrial Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yram Foli ◽  
Musie Ghebremichael ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Elijah Paintsil
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT A case-control study of the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on apoptosis pathway genes comprising 16 cases (HIV infected with mitochondrial toxicity) and 16 controls (HIV uninfected) was conducted. A total of 26 of 84 genes of the apoptosis pathway were differentially expressed. Two of the upregulated genes, DFFA and TNFRSF1A, classified 75% of study participants correctly as either a case or control. Thus, apoptosis may be in the causal pathway of ART-associated mitochondrial toxicity. These two genes could be markers for detecting and monitoring ART-induced mitochondrial toxicity.

scholarly journals Downregulation of Arntl mRNA Expression in Women with Hypertension: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhengmei Fang ◽  
Lijun Zhu ◽  
Yuelong Jin ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Weiwei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have reported that disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of hypertension and suggested that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was aimed to investigate the association of the mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like (<i>Arntl</i>), clock circadian regulator (<i>Clock</i>), and period circadian regulators 1 and 2 (<i>Per1</i> and <i>Per2</i>) with hypertension and blood pressure levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 172 subjects were recruited in this study, including 86 hypertension and 86 nonhypertension controls. The mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The differences in <i>Arntl</i>, <i>Clock</i>, <i>Per1</i>, and <i>Per2</i> mRNA expression were compared between the 2 groups, and the relationship between mRNA expression and cardiometabolic risk profiles was also assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that the mRNA expression of <i>Arntl</i> was downregulated in the hypertension cases compared with controls in women (1.10 [0.66, 1.71] vs. 1.30 [0.99, 2.06], <i>p</i> = 0.031). There was a significant negative correlation between the <i>Arntl</i> mRNA expression and SBP (<i>r</i> = −0.301, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and DBP (<i>r</i> = −0.222, <i>p</i> = 0.034) in women. In men, a negative correlation between the <i>Per1</i> mRNA expression and SBP (<i>r</i> = −0.247, <i>p</i> = 0.026) was found. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The <i>Arntl</i> mRNA expression may play an important role in progression of hypertension in women.

scholarly journals Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms in Egyptian population: a case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Moustafa Elsayed ◽  
Omayma Mohamed Hassanein ◽  
Nagwa Hassan Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The importance of influenza is increasing mainly because of the appearance of novel pandemic strains such as swine and avian. Each year, influenza has spread around the world causing about 250,000–500,000 deaths and more than 5 million cases of severe illness. The objective is as follows: evaluating the outcomes of patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus in relation to certain TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms and identifying the associated factors with the severe outcome. Subject and methods This is a case–control study. The cases were patients confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be influenza A (H1N1) virus infected. The controls were healthy individuals. Medical history and outcome of the disease was registered. In all study participants, polymorphisms of TNF rs1800629, IL6 rs18138879, and IL8 rs4073; odds ratio (OR); and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results Infection with influenza A (H1N1) virus was associated more with the following genotypes: TNF-308 AA (OR = 4.041; 95% CI = 1.215–13.4) and IL8 AA (OR = 3.273; 95% CI = 1.372–7.805). According to our study results, HCV (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5), renal disease (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 0.9–13.6), cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 0.3–31.1), TB (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.8–39.7), ICU (OR = 2.9, 95%1.2–7.1), and mortality (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 0.9–67.4) are considered as risk factors for influenza A (H1N1)-infected patients. Conclusions Our findings concluded that TNF-308 (AA) and IL8 (AA) polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to be infected with H1N1influenza virus.

scholarly journals Changes in Inflammation but Not in T-Cell Activation Precede Non-AIDS-Defining Events in a Case-Control Study of Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantia Angelidou ◽  
Peter W Hunt ◽  
Alan L Landay ◽  
Cara C Wilson ◽  
Benigno Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak Investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku ◽  
Sewnet Wongiel Misikir
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma fursi woreda from July 13- August 1 /2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Results: A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6% respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5-14 were more affected. Being 5-14 years old versus (vs) 15 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =3.53; 95% CI; 1.52-8.45)], contact with cases vs no contact with cases [AOR=2.78; 95% CI; 1.23-8.67] and travel history 7-18 days prior onset of illness vs no travel history [AOR= 2.53; 95% CI; 1.31-7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles. Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak. Keywords: Measles, outbreak, Artuma fursi woreda

scholarly journals Determinant factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adult patients living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020. A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248490
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Yeshimebet Ali ◽  
Samuel Anteneh ◽  
Mohammed Yesuf ◽  
Adane Birhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.

Lipoprotein (a) and coronary heart disease risk: a nested case-control study of the Helsinki Heart Study participants

1991 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Jauhiainen ◽  
Pekka Koskinen ◽  
Christian Ehnholm ◽  
M.Heikki Frick ◽  
Matti Mänttäri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Helsinki Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Heart Disease Risk ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Undernutrition Among Adult People on Antiretroviral Therapy in Goba Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Falaho Sani Kalil ◽  
Teshome Kabeta ◽  
Habtemu Jarso ◽  
Mohammed Hasen ◽  
Jemal Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southeast Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study
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