scholarly journals Fishers’ response to temperature change reveals the importance of integrating human behavior in climate change analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. eabc7425
Author(s):  
Kathryn J. Fiorella ◽  
Elizabeth R. Bageant ◽  
Naomi B. Schwartz ◽  
Shakuntala H. Thilsted ◽  
Christopher B. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Fishing Behavior ◽  
Response To Temperature

Climate change will reshape ecological dynamics. Yet, how temperature increases alter the behavior and resource use of people reliant on natural resources remains underexplored. Consequent behavior shifts have the potential to mitigate or accelerate climate impacts on livelihoods and food security. Particularly within the small-scale inland fisheries that support approximately 10% of the global population, temperature changes likely affect both fish and fishers. To analyze how changing temperatures alter households’ fishing behavior, we examined fishing effort and fish catch in a major inland fishery. We used longitudinal observational data from households in Cambodia, which has the highest per-capita consumption of inland fish in the world. Higher temperatures caused households to reduce their participation in fishing but had limited net effects on fish catch. Incorporating human behavioral responses to changing environmental conditions will be fundamental to determining how climate change affects rural livelihoods, food production, and food access.

scholarly journals Reconciling fisheries catch and ocean productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. E1441-E1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Stock ◽  
Jasmin G. John ◽  
Ryan R. Rykaczewski ◽  
Rebecca G. Asch ◽  
William W. L. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Fish Catch

Photosynthesis fuels marine food webs, yet differences in fish catch across globally distributed marine ecosystems far exceed differences in net primary production (NPP). We consider the hypothesis that ecosystem-level variations in pelagic and benthic energy flows from phytoplankton to fish, trophic transfer efficiencies, and fishing effort can quantitatively reconcile this contrast in an energetically consistent manner. To test this hypothesis, we enlist global fish catch data that include previously neglected contributions from small-scale fisheries, a synthesis of global fishing effort, and plankton food web energy flux estimates from a prototype high-resolution global earth system model (ESM). After removing a small number of lightly fished ecosystems, stark interregional differences in fish catch per unit area can be explained (r= 0.79) with an energy-based model that (i) considers dynamic interregional differences in benthic and pelagic energy pathways connecting phytoplankton and fish, (ii) depresses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less critically, (iii) associates elevated trophic transfer efficiencies with benthic-predominant systems. Model catch estimates are generally within a factor of 2 of values spanning two orders of magnitude. Climate change projections show that the same macroecological patterns explaining dramatic regional catch differences in the contemporary ocean amplify catch trends, producing changes that may exceed 50% in some regions by the end of the 21st century under high-emissions scenarios. Models failing to resolve these trophodynamic patterns may significantly underestimate regional fisheries catch trends and hinder adaptation to climate change.

Climate change could intensify Sahel conflicts

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Significance It will increase rainfall variability and extreme events such as droughts and floods, as well as raising temperatures. These effects may trigger cascading risks to economic, social and political stability. Impacts The EU could play a key role in moderating climate effects as it shapes migration and security policy in the Sahel. The likelihood and severity of climate impacts will depend on socio-economic and political conditions in the region. Small-scale irrigation, climate-adapted seeds and traditional soil conservation techniques can help increase resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals AirClim: an efficient tool for climate evaluation of aircraft technology

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 4621-4639 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grewe ◽  
A. Stenke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract. Climate change is a challenge to society and to cope with requires assessment tools which are suitable to evaluate new technology options with respect to their impact on global climate. Here we present AirClim, a model which comprises a linearisation of atmospheric processes from the emission to radiative forcing, resulting in an estimate in near surface temperature change, which is presumed to be a reasonable indicator for climate change. The model is designed to be applicable to aircraft technology, i.e. the climate agents CO2, H2O, CH4 and O3 (latter two resulting from NOx-emissions) and contrails are taken into account. AirClim combines a number of precalculated atmospheric data with aircraft emission data to obtain the temporal evolution of atmospheric concentration changes, radiative forcing and temperature changes. These precalculated data are derived from 25 steady-state simulations for the year 2050 with the climate-chemistry model E39/C, prescribing normalised emissions of nitrogen oxides and water vapour at various atmospheric regions. The results show that strongest climate impacts (year 2100) from ozone changes occur for emissions in the tropical upper troposphere (60 mW/m2; 80 mK for 1 TgN/year emitted) and from methane changes from emissions in the middle tropical troposphere (−2.7% change in methane lifetime; –30 mK per TgN/year). For short-lived species (e.g. ozone, water vapour, methane) individual perturbation lifetimes are derived depending on the region of emission. A comparison of this linearisation approach with results from a comprehensive climate-chemistry model shows reasonable agreement with respect to concentration changes, radiative forcing, and temperature changes. For example, the total impact of a supersonic fleet on radiative forcing (mainly water vapour) is reproduced within 10%. A wide range of application is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Climate Change Adaptation and Gender Inequality: Insights from Rural Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Ylipaa ◽  
Sara Gabrielsson ◽  
Anne Jerneck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Feminist Political Ecology

Vietnam is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change impacts, especially from extreme weather events such as storms and floods. Thus, climate change adaptation is crucial, especially for natural resource-dependent farmers. Based on a qualitative research approach using a feminist political ecology lens, this article investigates gendered patterns of rural agrarian livelihoods and climate adaptation in the province of Thái Bình. In doing so, we identify differentiated rights and responsibilities between female and male farmers, leading to unequal opportunities and immobility for females, making them more vulnerable to climate impacts and threatening to reduce their capacity to adapt. This research also shows that demands on farmers to contribute to perpetual increases in agricultural output by the state poses a challenge, since farming livelihoods in Vietnam are increasingly becoming feminised, as a result of urbanisation and devaluation of farming. Past and present national strategies and provincial implementation plans linked to climate change do not consider the burden affecting rural female farmers, instead the focus lies on addressing technical solutions to adaptation. With little attention being paid to an increasingly female workforce, existing gender inequalities may be exacerbated, threatening the future existence of rural livelihoods and the viability of Vietnam’s expansion into global markets.

scholarly journals Projected Impacts of Climate Change on the Physical and Biogeochemical Environment in Southeast Asian Seas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kay ◽  
Arlene L. Avillanosa ◽  
Victoria V. Cheung ◽  
Ngoc Hung Dao ◽  
Benjamin J. Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract The seas of Southeast Asia are home to some of the world’s most diverse ecosystems and resources that support the livelihoods and wellbeing of millions of people. Climate change will bring temperature changes, acidification and other environmental change, with uncertain consequences for human and natural systems in the region. We present the first regional-scale projections of change in the marine environment up to the end of 21st century. A coupled physical-biogeochemical model with a resolution of 0.1° (approximately 11 km) was used to create projections of future environmental conditions under two greenhouse gas scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. These show a sea that is warming by 1.1–2.9°C through the 21st century, with surface pH falling by up to 0.02 and dissolved oxygen decreasing by 5 to 13 mmol m− 3. Changes for different parts of the region, including four sensitive coastal sites, are presented. The changes reach all parts of the water column and many places are projected to experience conditions well outside the range seen at the start of the century. Altered species distribution and damage to coral reefs resulting from this environmental change would have consequences for biodiversity, for the livelihoods of small-scale fishers and for the food security of coastal communities across the region. Projections of this type are a key tool for communities planning how they will adapt to the challenge of climate change.

scholarly journals In the face of climate change and exhaustive exercise: the physiological response of an important recreational fish species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Crear ◽  
Rich W. Brill ◽  
Lauren M. L. Averilla ◽  
Sara C. Meakem ◽  
Kevin C. Weng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Face

Cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ) support recreational fisheries along the US mid- and south-Atlantic states and have been recently subjected to increased fishing effort, primarily during their spawning season in coastal habitats where increasing temperatures and expanding hypoxic zones are occurring due to climate change. We therefore undertook a study to quantify the physiological abilities of cobia to withstand increases in temperature and hypoxia, including their ability to recover from exhaustive exercise. Respirometry was conducted on cobia from Chesapeake Bay to determine aerobic scope, critical oxygen saturation, ventilation volume and the time to recover from exhaustive exercise under temperature and oxygen conditions projected to be more common in inshore areas by the middle and end of this century. Cobia physiologically tolerated predicted mid- and end-of-century temperatures (28–32°C) and oxygen concentrations as low as 1.7–2.4 mg l −1 . Our results indicated cobia can withstand environmental fluctuations that occur in coastal habitats and the broad environmental conditions their prey items can tolerate. However, at these high temperatures, some cobia did suffer post-exercise mortality. It appears cobia will be able to withstand near-future climate impacts in coastal habitats like Chesapeake Bay, but as conditions worsen, catch-and-release fishing may result in higher mortality than under present conditions.

scholarly journals A strategy for climate evaluation of aircraft technology: an efficient climate impact assessment tool – AirClim

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 12185-12229 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grewe ◽  
A. Stenke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Climate change is a challenge to society and to cope with requires assessment tools which are suitable to evaluate new technology options with respect to their impact on climate. Here we present AirClim, a model which comprises a linearisation of the processes occurring from the emission to an estimate in near surface temperature change, which is presumed to be a reasonable indicator for climate change. The model is designed to be applicable to aircraft technology, i.e.~the climate agents CO2, H2O, CH4 and O3 (latter two resulting from NOx-emissions) and contrails are taken into account. It employs a number of precalculated atmospheric data and combines them with aircraft emission data to obtain the temporal evolution of atmospheric concentration changes, radiative forcing and temperature changes. The linearisation is based on precalculated data derived from 25 steady-state simulations of the state-of-the-art climate-chemistry model E39/C, which include sustained normalised emissions at various atmospheric regions. The results show that strongest climate impacts from ozone changes occur for emissions in the tropical upper troposphere (60 mW/m²; 80 mK for 1 TgN emitted), whereas from methane in the middle tropical troposphere (–2.7% change in methane lifetime; –30 mK per TgN). The estimate of the temperature changes caused by the individual climate agents takes into account a perturbation lifetime, related to the region of emission. A comparison of this approach with results from the TRADEOFF and SCENIC projects shows reasonable agreement with respect to concentration changes, radiative forcing, and temperature changes. The total impact of a supersonic fleet on radiative forcing (mainly water vapour) is reproduced within 5%. For subsonic air traffic (sustained emissions after 2050) results show that although ozone-radiative forcing is much less important than that from CO2 for the year 2100. However the impact on temperature is of comparable size even when taking into account temperature decreases from CH4. That implies that all future measures for climate stabilisation should concentrate on both CO2 and NOx emissions. A direct comparison of super- with subsonic aircraft (250 passengers, 5400 nm) reveals a 5 times higher climate impact of supersonics.

scholarly journals Lowland biotic attrition revisited: body size and variation among climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1847) ◽  
pp. 20162335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedediah F. Brodie ◽  
Matthew Strimas-Mackey ◽  
Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan ◽  
Alys Granados ◽  
Henry Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Response To Temperature

The responses of lowland tropical communities to climate change will critically influence global biodiversity but remain poorly understood. If species in these systems are unable to tolerate warming, the communities—currently the most diverse on Earth—may become depauperate (‘biotic attrition’). In response to temperature changes, animals can adjust their distribution in space or their activity in time, but these two components of the niche are seldom considered together. We assessed the spatio-temporal niches of rainforest mammal species in Borneo across gradients in elevation and temperature. Most species are not predicted to experience changes in spatio-temporal niche availability, even under pessimistic warming scenarios. Responses to temperature are not predictable by phylogeny but do appear to be trait-based, being much more variable in smaller-bodied taxa. General circulation models and weather station data suggest unprecedentedly high midday temperatures later in the century; predicted responses to this warming among small-bodied species range from 9% losses to 6% gains in spatio-temporal niche availability, while larger species have close to 0% predicted change. Body mass may therefore be a key ecological trait influencing the identity of climate change winners and losers. Mammal species composition will probably change in some areas as temperatures rise, but full-scale biotic attrition this century appears unlikely.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact and Adaptation: Lagoonal Fishing Communities in West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 2221-2245
Author(s):  
K. Sian Davies-Vollum ◽  
Debadayita Raha ◽  
Daniel Koomson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Vulnerability Framework ◽  
High Level

AbstractLagoons are a common feature of the low-lying West African coastline. These lagoons are resource-rich and biodiverse. The small-scale fishing communities, which border them, are dependent on the resources and ecosystem services for their livelihoods and well-being. Climate change has had significant and diverse effects on both the lagoons and their surrounding communities. Sea level rise has caused erosion of the coast and increased the risk of floods. Changes to rainfall patterns have caused shifts in lagoon ecosystems and physical cycles. Of particular relevance to lagoon fishing communities is the fluctuation in quantity and distribution of fish catch that they rely upon for economic livelihood. Understanding the vulnerability of these communities to the effects of climate change is critical to supporting and developing successful adaptations. Using a case study from Ghana, sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) and vulnerability framework are used to characterize the community vulnerability, giving insight into the temporal and spatial dynamics of vulnerability and how subsections of the community may be identified and prioritized for adaptation interventions. A scalar analysis of the relevant coastal and environmental frameworks and policy to support climate change adaptation in coastal communities reveals the common challenges in implementing adaptation interventions and strategies in the region. A policy gap exists between high level, institutional coastal, and climate directives and implementation of climate adaptations at the local level. That gap might be bridged by a participatory approach that places coastal communities at the center of creating and enacting climate change adaptations.

scholarly journals The River Alazeya: Shifting Socio-Ecological Systems Connected to a Northeastern Siberian River

ARCTIC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Tero Mustonen ◽  
Vyacheslav Shadrin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local History ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Siberian River ◽  
Northeastern Siberia

One of the most remote Arctic locations, Andryushkino village of Yukaghir and Even peoples is located on the shore of the river Alazeya in northeastern Siberia, in the Lower Kolyma Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russia. The community is at the nexus of large-scale Arctic social and climate change resulting from economic shifts, permafrost melt events, and high temperatures. In this study, we approach Indigenous knowledge of climate impacts to water by investigating the role of the river Alazeya, which has enabled human life to thrive, given rise to the Indigenous governance of landscapes in the past, and today serves most of the Indigenous peoples in the region for their culture, food security, and well-being. To do this, we offer an ambitious system-change analysis of the socio-ecological context of the river basin and community by exploring oral histories recorded in the community between 2005 and 2020, combining them with relevant scientific literature and weather data from Russian measurement stations to detect and point to key messages of impacts. Our results confirm that the speed and extent of climate warming have increased since 1985. The flood event of 2007 in the village has especially been seen as a major climate change-induced catastrophe. We focus on the drivers of change from local history to present. We also investigate alternatives for future development of resilience and support for the Yukaghir culture, traditional ways of life, and language. 

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