scholarly journals In the face of climate change and exhaustive exercise: the physiological response of an important recreational fish species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Crear ◽  
Rich W. Brill ◽  
Lauren M. L. Averilla ◽  
Sara C. Meakem ◽  
Kevin C. Weng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Face

Cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ) support recreational fisheries along the US mid- and south-Atlantic states and have been recently subjected to increased fishing effort, primarily during their spawning season in coastal habitats where increasing temperatures and expanding hypoxic zones are occurring due to climate change. We therefore undertook a study to quantify the physiological abilities of cobia to withstand increases in temperature and hypoxia, including their ability to recover from exhaustive exercise. Respirometry was conducted on cobia from Chesapeake Bay to determine aerobic scope, critical oxygen saturation, ventilation volume and the time to recover from exhaustive exercise under temperature and oxygen conditions projected to be more common in inshore areas by the middle and end of this century. Cobia physiologically tolerated predicted mid- and end-of-century temperatures (28–32°C) and oxygen concentrations as low as 1.7–2.4 mg l −1 . Our results indicated cobia can withstand environmental fluctuations that occur in coastal habitats and the broad environmental conditions their prey items can tolerate. However, at these high temperatures, some cobia did suffer post-exercise mortality. It appears cobia will be able to withstand near-future climate impacts in coastal habitats like Chesapeake Bay, but as conditions worsen, catch-and-release fishing may result in higher mortality than under present conditions.

Eine Kantische Begründung individueller Klimapflichten

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-692
Author(s):  
Simon Hollnaicher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Imperfect Duties ◽  
Perfect Duties ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract According to a well-known problem in climate ethics, individual actions cannot be wrong due to their impact on climate change since the individual act does not make a difference. By referring to the practical interpretation of the categorical imperative, the author argues that certain actions lead to a contradiction in conception in light of the climate crisis. Universalizing these actions would cause foreseeable climate impacts, making it impossible to pursue the original maxim effectively. According to the practical interpretation, such actions are morally wrong. The wrongness of these actions does not depend on making a difference, rather these actions are wrong because they make it impossible for others to act accordingly. Thus, apart from imperfect duties, for which has been argued convincingly elsewhere (Henning 2016; Alberzart 2019), we also have perfect duties to refrain from certain actions in the face of the climate crisis.

scholarly journals Climate change and its impacts: growing stress factors for human societies

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (879) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Beniston
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
First Century ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

AbstractThe realization that human beings need to be concerned about the only ‘life-support system’ that the Earth and its environment provides stems perhaps in part from the fact that, until fairly recently, the evolution of humankind was largely dependent on the quality of the environment and the resources it provides in terms of water, food, and favourable health conditions. These are as vital as ever, despite current levels of technology and apparent resilience in the face of often degraded environments in many parts of the world. Today, the conditions for human sustainability (i.e. water quality and quantity, food security, and health) are potentially under threat as a result of numerous human-induced factors; among these, climate change is certainly one of the more durable aspects of anthropogenic disruptions to natural resources. This article will therefore focus on the possible evolution of climate in the course of the twenty-first century and on a number of key climate impacts that may determine the future course of human societies, as well as issues that may confront them such as rivalries over natural resources and possible environmentally driven conflicts and migrations.

scholarly journals Understanding the Knowledge and Data Landscape of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Chesapeake Bay Region: A Systematic Review

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Daniel Teodoro ◽  
Bruce Nairn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Climate Hazards ◽  
Adaptive Policies ◽  
Municipal Level

Climate change is increasingly threatening coastal communities around the world. This article reviews the literature on climate change impacts and adaptation in the Chesapeake Bay region (USA). We reviewed both climate impacts and adaptation literature (n = 283) published in the period 2007–2018 to answer the questions: (i) how are indicators of climate impacts measured and reported by different types of authors (e.g., scientists, government, and NGOs), document types (e.g., academic articles or reports), and geographic focus (e.g., State, region, county, or municipal level)? (ii) what are the current approaches for measuring the most pressing climate impacts in the Chesapeake Bay? We found that scientists produce the most amount of data but are increasingly shifting towards engaging with practitioners through reports and online resources. Most indicators focus on the Chesapeake Bay scale, but data is most needed at the local level where adaptive policies are implemented. Our analysis shows emerging approaches to monitoring climate hazards and areas where synergies between types of authors are likely to increase resilience in the 21st century. This review expands the understanding of the information network in the Chesapeake Bay and explores the institutional landscape of stakeholders involved in the production and consumption of environmental and social change data. The analysis and insights of this review may be extended to similar regions around the planet experiencing or anticipating similar climate hazards to the Chesapeake Bay.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Human Rights and Justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Climate Crisis

The global climate crisis is not just a matter of fixing industry so that it can produce profitably and contaminate less. There is a far more pressing issue facing us: how to address the negative climate impacts of development that is irresponsible in terms of its human and environmental costs. Mitigation and adaptation are two fundamental pillars of the climate debate. Technological equity and efficiency (mitigation) and the capacity of communities to brace themselves in the face of climate change (adaptation), are both fundamental to advance international climate change negotiations.

scholarly journals State of the literature on the economic impacts of climate change in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Neumann ◽  
Kenneth Strzepek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Us ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Adaptation Costs

Abstract:This paper discusses the current literature on impacts and adaptation costs at the sectoral level. The focus is primarily the US, but includes examples on international applications that highlight key differences or other relevant demonstrations of method and data use. The paper provides an overall framework that addresses the components of economic impacts, including definitions of impacts, adaptation costs, and residual damages. The paper then focuses on understanding the current breadth and depth of the literature that exists to characterize what we know about economic sectors studied in the recent literature (agriculture, coastal resources, water resources, infrastructure, health, crime, energy, labor productivity, and ecosystems), how the methodologies differ, what the gaps and challenges are, and offers a sense of the impacts at the US national level. A new generation of impact studies, including the U.S. EPA’s ongoing Climate Impacts and Risk Analysis (CIRA) project; the new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 Working Group II report; the U.S. National Climate Assessment; and the Risky Business Project led by the Next Generation Foundation, provide the motivation for this review. These efforts, taken together, have advanced the state of US economic impact assessment work along two critical frontiers, both of which support benefit-cost analyses of climate change: assessment of the risk and economic consequences of extreme climatic events; and assessment of ecosystem effects. Yet, the latest work also highlights gaps in the lack of comprehensive sectoral coverage; more complete incorporation of adaptation opportunities in impact assessment; and critical cross- and multi-sectoral effects that remain poorly understood.

scholarly journals Impactos y capacidad de adaptación como factores determinantes para priorizar la adaptación agrícola al cambio climático en Europa

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Jeremy Schlickenrieder ◽  
Sonia Quiroga ◽  
Agustín Diz ◽  
Ana Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Face

<p><span>In the face of likely climate change </span>impacts policy makers at different spatial scales need access to assessment tools that enable informed policy instruments to be designed. Recent scientific advances have facilitated the development of improved climate projections, but it remains to be seen whether these are translated into effective adaptation strategies. This paper uses existing databases on climate impacts on European agriculture and combines them with an assessment of adaptive capacity to develop an interdisciplinary approach for prioritising policies. It proposes a method for identifying relevant policies for different EU countries that are representative of various agroclimatic zones. Our analysis presents a framework for integrating current knowledge of future climate impacts with an understanding of the underlying socio-economic, agricultural and environmental traits that determine a region’s capacity for adapting to climate change.</p>

scholarly journals U.S. Family Forest Owners' Forest Management for Climate Adaptation: Perspectives From Extension and Outreach Specialists

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolena vonHedemann ◽  
Courtney A. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Family Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Family Forest ◽  
The Us

In the United States (US), family forest owners, a group that includes individuals, families, trusts, and estates, are the largest single landowner category, owning approximately one-third of the nation's forests. These landowners' individualized decision-making on forest management has a profound impact on US forest cover and function at both local and regional scales. We sought to understand perceptions among family forest specialists of: climate impacts and adaptation options across different forested US regions; how family forest owners are taking climate adaptation into consideration in their forest management, if at all; and major barriers to more active management for adaptation among family forest owners. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 48 forest experts across the US who work with family forest owners, including extension specialists, state forestry agency employees, and consulting foresters who focus on family forest engagement. Our interviewees shared details on how both climate change impacts and forest management for climate adaptation vary across the US, and they perceived a lack of active forest management by family forest owners. They explained that western forest landowners confronting the imminent threat of catastrophic wildfires are more likely to see a need for active forest management. By contrast, in the east, where most forestland is privately owned, interviewees said that landowners see relatively fewer climate impacts on their forests and less need for forest management to respond to climate change. Perceived barriers to more active family forest management for climate adaptation include the lack of more robust markets for a wide range of forest products, a higher capacity forestry workforce, education and assistance in planning forest management, and addressing the issue of increased parcelization of family forest lands. We situate these perceptions in conversations on the role of boundary organizations in climate adaptation, how individual adaptation occurs, and how governing methods frame adaptation possibilities.

scholarly journals Climate impacts in the Brazilian energy security: analysis of observed events and adaptation options

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-196
Author(s):  
Eveline Vasquez-Arroyo ◽  
Fábio da Silva ◽  
Alberto Santos ◽  
Deborah Cordeiro ◽  
José Antônio Marengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Face

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, which can affect energy systems. Thus, this study aims to evaluate impacts of meteorological events on the Brazilian energy system, through an analysis of recent reports. Cases of impacts on hydropower, power transmission and distribution, bioenergy crops and residential cooling demand in recent years are assessed. Finally, the challenges of energy planning in the face of climate change are analyzed and adaptation measures for the energy system are proposed, pointing out possible repercussions on water, food, socio-environmental and climate security.

scholarly journals Climate change and marine life

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Richardson ◽  
Christopher J. Brown ◽  
Keith Brander ◽  
John F. Bruno ◽  
Lauren Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

A Marine Climate Impacts Workshop was held from 29 April to 3 May 2012 at the US National Center of Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara. This workshop was the culmination of a series of six meetings over the past three years, which had brought together 25 experts in climate change ecology, analysis of large datasets, palaeontology, marine ecology and physical oceanography. Aims of these workshops were to produce a global synthesis of climate impacts on marine biota, to identify sensitive habitats and taxa, to inform the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) process, and to strengthen research into ecological impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals The competing impacts of climate change and nutrient reductions on dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac D. Irby ◽  
Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs ◽  
Fei Da ◽  
Kyle E. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. The Chesapeake Bay region is projected to experience changes in temperature, sea level, and precipitation as a result of climate change. This research uses an estuarine-watershed hydrodynamic- biogeochemical modeling system along with projected changes in temperature, freshwater flow, and sea level rise for a 2050 scenario to explore the impact climate change may have on future Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and the potential success of nutrient reductions in attaining mandated estuarine water quality improvements. Results indicate that warming Bay waters will decrease oxygen solubility year-round, while also increasing oxygen utilization via respiration and remineralization, primarily impacting bottom oxygen in the spring. Rising sea level will increase the volume of the Bay, pushing coastal saline water further into the Bay. Changes in precipitation are projected to deliver higher winter and spring freshwater flow and nutrient loads, fueling increased primary production. Together, these multiple climate impacts will lower DO throughout the Chesapeake Bay and negatively impact progress towards meeting water quality standards associated with the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load. However, this research also shows that the potential impacts of climate change will be significantly smaller than improvements in DO expected in response to the required nutrient reductions, especially at the anoxic and hypoxic levels. Overall, increased temperature exhibits the strongest control on the change in future DO concentrations, primarily due to decreased solubility, while sea level rise is expected to exert a small positive impact and increased winter river flow is anticipated to exert a small negative impact.

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