Hydration Status, Sweat Rates, and Rehydration Education of Youth Football Campers

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
Rebecca M. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Fluid Losses

Context:Previous field research has not identified sweat rates (SR), fluid consumption (FC), or the efficacy of an educational intervention (EI) for youth during football camp.Objective:To measure hydration status and rehydration performance and examine EI using these data.Design:Observational with EI randomized comparison.Participants:Thirty-three boys (mean ± SD: 12 ± 2 y, 52.9 ± 13.6 kg, 156 ± 12 cm) volunteered during a 5-d camp with 3 (~2-h) sessions per day (WBGT: 25.6 ± 0.5°C).Main Outcome Measures:Hydration status, SR, and FC.Results:Urine osmolality averaged 796 ± 293 mOsm/L for days 2-5. Game SR (1.30 ± 0.57 L/h) was significantly greater than practice SR (0.65 ± 0.35 L/h; P = .002). Subjects dehydrated during free time but matched fluid losses with FC (0.76 ± 0.29 L/h) during football activities.Conclusions:Subjects arrived at camp hypohydrated and maintained this condition. They matched FC and SR during, but dehydrated when not playing, football. This may impair recovery and subsequent performance. Hydration EI seemed to have a positive influence on hydration practices.

scholarly journals Ad Libitum Fluid Consumption via Self- or External Administration

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Megan E. Finn ◽  
Lindsey E. Eberman ◽  
Matthew J. Gage ◽  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Ad Libitum

Context: During team athletic events, athletic trainers commonly provide fluids with water bottles. When a limited number of water bottles exist, various techniques are used to deliver fluids. Objective: To determine whether fluid delivered via water-bottle administration influenced fluid consumption and hydration status. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Outdoor field (22.2°C ± 3.5°C). Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen participants (14 men, 5 women, age = 30 ± 10 years, height = 176 ± 8 cm, mass = 72.5 ± 10 kg) were recruited from the university and local running clubs. Intervention(s): The independent variable was fluid delivery with 3 levels: self-administration with mouth-to-bottle direct contact (SA-DC), self-administration with no contact between mouth and bottle (SA-NC), and external administration with no contact between the mouth and the bottle (EA-NC). Participants warmed up for 10 minutes before completing 5 exercise stations, after which an ad libitum fluid break was given, for a total of 6 breaks. Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured the fluid variables of total volume consumed, total number of squirts, and average volume per squirt. Hydration status via urine osmolality and body-mass loss, and perceptual variables for thirst and fullness were recorded. We calculated repeated-measures analyses of variance to assess hydration status, fluid variables, and perceptual measures to analyze conditions across time. Results: The total volume consumed for EA-NC was lower than for SA-DC (P = .001) and SA-NC (P = .001). The total number of squirts for SA-DC was lower than for SA-NC (P = .009). The average volume per squirt for EA-NC was lower than for SA-DC (P = .020) and SA-NC (P = .009). Participants arrived (601.0 ± 21.3 mOsm/L) and remained (622.3 ± 38.3 mOsm/L) hydrated, with no difference between conditions (P = .544); however, the EA-NC condition lost more body mass than did the SA-DC condition (P = .001). There was no main effect for condition on thirst (P = .147) or fullness (P = .475). Conclusions: External administration of fluid decreased total volume consumed via a decreased average volume per squirt. The SA-DC method requires fewer squirts within a specific time frame. Fluid breaks every 15 minutes resulted in maintenance of euhydration; however, loss of body mass was influenced by fluid administration. Athletic trainers should avoid external administration to promote positive hydration behaviors. When fluid is self-administered, individual bottles may be the best clinical practice because more volume can be consumed per squirt.

Rehydration after Exercise Dehydration in Heat: Effects of Caffeine Intake

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
João C. Dias ◽  
Melissa W. Roti ◽  
Amy C. Pumerantz ◽  
Greig Watson ◽  
Daniel A. Judelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
College Age ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Chronic Caffeine

Context:Dieticians, physiologists, athletic trainers, and physicians have recommended refraining from caffeine intake when exercising because of possible fluid-electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.Objective:To assess how 16-hour rehydration is affected by caffeine ingestion.Design:Dose–response.Setting:Environmental chamber.Participants:59 college-age men.Intervention:Subjects consumed a chronic caffeine dose of 0 (placebo), 3, or 6 mg · kg−1· day−1and performed an exercise heat-tolerance test (EHT) consisting of 90 minutes of walking on a treadmill (5.6 km/h) in the heat (37.7 °C).Outcome Measures:Fluid-electrolyte measures.Results:There were no between-group differences immediately after and 16 hours after EHT in total plasma protein, hematocrit, urine osmolality, specific gravity, color, and volume. Body weights after EHT and the following day (16 hours) were not different between groups (P> .05).Conclusion:Hydration status 16 hours after EHT did not change with chronic caffeine ingestion.

scholarly journals Availability of a Flavored Beverage and Impact on Children’s Hydration Status, Sleep, and Mood

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Michael R. Szymanski ◽  
Gabrielle E. W. Giersch ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Urine Color

Euhydration remains a challenge in children due to lack of access and unpalatability of water and to other reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the availability/access to a beverage (Creative Roots®) influences hydration in children and, therefore, sleep quality and mood. Using a crossover investigation, 46 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or an intervention group and received Creative Roots® (INT) for two-week periods. We recorded daily first morning and afternoon urine color (Ucol), thirst perception, and bodyweight of the two groups. Participants reported to the lab once per week and provided first morning urine samples to assess Ucol, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine osmolality (Uosmo). Participants also completed the questionnaires Profile of Mood States-Adolescents (POMS-a) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dependent t-tests were used to assess the effects of the intervention on hydration, mood, and sleep quality. Uosmo was greater and Ucol was darker in the control group (mean ± SD) [Uosmo: INT = 828 ± 177 mOsm·kg−1, CON = 879 ± 184 mOsm·kg−1, (p = 0.037], [Ucol:INT = 5 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 1, p = 0.024]. USG, POMS-a, and PSQI were not significant between the groups. At-home daily afternoon Ucol was darker in the control group [INT = 3 ± 1, CON = 3 ± 1, p = 0.022]. Access to Creative Roots® provides a small, potentially meaningful hydration benefit in children. However, children still demonstrated consistent mild dehydration based on Uosmo, despite consuming the beverage.

scholarly journals Effects of the Amount and Frequency of Fluid Intake on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8813
Author(s):  
Hairong He ◽  
Jianfen Zhang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Songming Du ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Point

Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18–23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF group at two time points (p < 0.05). At time point 1, the scores in the portrait memory test and vigor were statistically different (F = 20.45, p < 0.001; F = 5.46, p = 0.006). It was found that the scores for the portrait memory test in the RB group were lower than those in the HA group and the HF group (p = 0.007; p < 0.001), while the scores of the HF group were higher than those of the HA group (p < 0.001). The scores for vigor in the RB group were significantly higher than those of the HA group (p = 0.006), and they were also significantly higher than those of the HF group (p = 0.004). At time point 2, only the scores for vigor were statistically different (F = 3.80, p = 0.026). It was found that the scores for vigor in the RB group were higher than those in the HA group and HF group (p = 0.018; p = 0.019). Both the amount and frequency of fluid intake may affect urine osmolality and vigor, but these factors have limited impacts on cognitive performance. Rational fluid intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA PADA BALAI DIKLAT LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN PEMATANGSIANTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Nina Arsilah ◽  
Darwin Lie ◽  
Marisi Butarbutar ◽  
Lora Ekana Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The formulation of this research problem is how the influence of Leadership and Job Satisfaction on Work Discipline at Balai Diklat Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Pematangsiantar. The research method used in this paper is literature research and field research. Its population is employees of Balai Diklat Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Pematangsiantar amounted to 57 people. The data used are data by qualitative and qualitative data, and data collection techniques by questionnaire, interview and documentation. Then the technique of data analysis using qualitative descriptive method and quantitative descriptive method. Results of analysis of multiple linier regression is Ŷ = 26,243 + 1,232X1 + 0,681X2, means there is a positive influence between leadership and job satisfaction on work discipline. The strength of the relationship between the three variables is strong, is r = 0,752. From the coefficient of determination can be explained high low work discipline 56,5%, and the remaining 43,5% explained by other factors that are not discussed in this study. From the results of processing and calculation of the questionnaire, the authors get the conclusion that the leadership and job satisfaction applied Balai Diklat Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Pematangsiantar have a positive and significant effect on work discipline. This is proven by hypothesis testing simultaneously, where the test result fhitung (35,062)> fhitung (3,17) with significance level 0,000 < alpha 0,05. Keywords: Leadership, Job Satisfaction And Work Discipline

scholarly journals PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KOMITMEN TERHADAP KINERJA GURU PADA SMK GKPS 2 PEMATANGSIANTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Sofi Chrisdayanti Purba ◽  
Darwin Lie ◽  
Efendi Efendi ◽  
Andy Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

The formulation of this research problem is how the influence of Cultural Organization and Commitment to the Teacher Performance at SMK GKPS 2 Pematangsiantar. The research method used in this paper is literature research and field research. Its population is employees of SMK GKPS 2 Pematangsiantar amounted to 64 people. The data used are data by qualitative and qualitative data, and data collection techniques by questionnaire, interview and documentation. Then the technique of data analysis using qualitative descriptive method and quantitative descriptive method. Results of analysis of multiple linear regression is Ŷ = 68,710 + 0,715X1 + 0,914X2 means there is a positive influence between cultural organization and commitment on teacher performance. The strength of the relationship between the three variables is strong, is r = 0,672. From the coefficient of determination can be explained high low employee performance 45,2% and the remaining 54,8% explained by other factors that are not discussed in this study. From the results of processing and calculation of the questionnaire, the authors get the conclusion that the cultural organization and commitment applied SMK GKPS 2 Pematangsiantar have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. This is proven by hypothesis testing simultaneously, where the test result fhitung (25,170) > fhitung (3,15) with significance level 0,000 < alpha 0,05. Keywords: Cultural Organization, Commitment and Teacher Performance

scholarly journals Hydration Status Affects Nuclear Distribution of Transcription Factor Tonicity Responsive Enhancer Binding Protein in Rat Kidney

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG H. CHA ◽  
SEUNG KYOON WOO ◽  
KI H. HAN ◽  
YOUNG H. KIM ◽  
JOSEPH S. HANDLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Nuclear Distribution ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Abstract. Tonicity responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is the transcription factor that regulates tonicity responsive expression of proteins that catalyze cellular accumulation of compatible osmolytes. In cultured MDCK cells, hypertonicity stimulates the activity of TonEBP via a combination of increased protein abundance and increased nuclear localization. For investigating regulation of TonEBP in the kidney, rats were subjected to water loading or dehydration. Water loading lowered urine osmolality and mRNA expression of sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT), a target gene of TonEBP, in the renal medulla; dehydration doubled the urine osmolality and increased SMIT mRNA expression. In contrast, overall abundance of TonEBP and its mRNA measured by immunoblot and ribonuclease protection assay, respectively, was not affected. Immunohistochemical analysis, however, revealed that nuclear distribution of TonEBP is generally increased throughout the medulla in dehydrated animals compared with water loaded animals. Increased nuclear localization was particularly dramatic in thin limbs. Notable exceptions were the middle to terminal portions of the inner medullary collecting ducts and blood vessels, where a change in TonEBP distribution was not evident. Immunohistochemical detection of SMIT mRNA revealed that the changes in nuclear distribution of TonEBP correlate with expression of SMIT. It is concluded that under physiologic conditions, nucleocytoplasmic distribution is the dominant mode of regulation of TonEBP in the renal medulla.

scholarly journals Assessment of Subacromial Space and Its Relationship With Scapular Upward Rotation in College Baseball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen John Thomas ◽  
Charles Buz Swanik ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Injured Population ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Acromiohumeral Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Subacromial impingement is a common injury in baseball players and has been linked to a reduction in the subacromial space. In addition, it has been suggested that decreases in scapular upward rotation will lead to decreases in the subacromial space and ultimately impingement syndrome.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation in healthy college baseball players.Design:Posttest-only study design.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:24 healthy college baseball players.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason.Main Outcome Measures:Acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a diagnostic ultrasound unit. Scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a digital inclinometer.Results:Dominant-arm acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction (P = .694, P = .840) was not significantly different than in the nondominant arm. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction for either the dominant or the nondominant arm.Conclusions:These results indicate that the acromiohumeral distance is not adapting in the dominant arm in healthy throwing athletes. In addition, a relationship was not identified between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation, which was previously suggested. These results may suggest that changes that are typically seen in an injured population may be occurring due to the injury and are not preexisting. In addition, scapular upward rotation may not be the only contributing factor to acromiohumeral distance.

scholarly journals Small Differences in Everyday Hydration Status Influence Mood (P04-134-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Benton ◽  
Alecia Cousins ◽  
Hayley Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Reviews consistently find that a loss of about 2% of body mass was needed before either athletic or psychological functioning is disrupted. However, although it is usually assumed that the minor changes in hydration status, that occur during normal life, do not impact on performance, experimentally the topic has been virtually ignored. The impact of everyday variations in hydration was therefore examined. Methods 168 subjects were randomly allocated to drinking water, or not drinking, and in addition consume capsules containing either 300 mg of sodium chloride or a placebo. Subjects were monitored over a three-hour period, during which urine osmolality, loss of body mass and urine production were monitored. Repeatedly subjects reported their mood. Results Subjects came having consumed their normal diet, without any restriction on fluid intake: on average 0.5% body mass was lost during the study. The major finding was that the hydration status on arrival had a greater influence, than subsequent fluid intake and changes in osmolality during the study. With ratings of being agreeable rather than hostile, those with lower baseline osmolality who drank water had better mood than if baseline osmolality was high. As another example, the mood of those who did not drink water only declined during the study when baseline osmolality was high rather than low. With measures of being composed rather than anxious, and being confidence rather than unsure, those who had lower baseline osmolality had a better mood, irrespective of whether water was consumed. Thus, baseline osmolality had an impact greater than drink induced changes in osmolality. Traditionally the normal range of urine osmolality has been said to be 200–800 mOsmoles/kg, yet the critical point at which the response to fluid intake changed was 600 mOsmoles/kg: 61% had a baseline osmolality over 600 and 38% over 800 mOsmoles/kg. Conclusions Some individuals are in a state of dehydration that adversely influences mood; a state not reversed by acute fluid consumption. The pattern of consumption associated with mild-dehydration and its functional consequences needs to be established. Funding Sources There was no funding external other than provided by ** University.

Hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahur Ööpik ◽  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Andres Burk ◽  
Innar Hannus
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Mass Gain

We assessed the urinary indexes of hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation at the time of official weigh-in (OWI). A total of 51 of 89 wrestlers competing in the Estonian Championship in 2009 donated a urine sample. Questionnaire responses revealed that 27 wrestlers (body mass losers (BMLs)) reduced body mass before the competition, whereas 24 wrestlers (those who do not lose body mass (n-BMLs)) did not. In 42 wrestlers, values of urine specific gravity ≥1.020 and urine osmolality ≥700 mOsmol·kg−1 revealed a hypohydrated status. The prevalence of hypohydration in the BMLs (96%) was higher than in the n-BMLs (67%) (χ2 = 7.68; p < 0.05). The prevalence of serious hypohydration (urine specific gravity >1.030) was 5.3 times greater (χ2 = 8.32; p < 0.05) in the BMLs than in the n-BMLs. In the BMLs, the extent of body mass gain during the 16-h recovery (2.5 ± 1.2 kg) was associated (r = 0.764; p < 0.05) with self-reported precompetition body mass loss (4.3 ± 2.0 kg) and exceeded the body mass gain observed in the n-BMLs (0.7 ± 1.2 kg; p < 0.05). We conclude that hypohydration is prevalent among Greco-Roman wrestlers at the time of OWI. The prevalence of hypohydration and serious hypohydration is especially high among wrestlers who are accustomed to reducing body mass before competition. These results suggest that an effective rehydration strategy is needed for Olympic-style wrestlers, and that changes in wrestling rules should be considered to reduce the prevalence of harmful body mass management behaviours.

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