Social Psychological Aspects of Competition for Male Youth Sport Participants: III. Determinants of Personal Performance Expectancies

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Rebecca Lewthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
Generalized Expectancies

This field study examined predictors of generalized and specific performance expectancies for 76 male wrestlers, ages 9 to 14 years, who participated in the first two rounds of a competitive wrestling tournament. Generalized expectancies were defined as the participants' overall expectancies for successful performance. Specific expectancies were operationalized by asking wrestlers to indicate how sure they were about winning each of their first two tournament matches. High generalized expectancies were predicted by high self-esteem, greater outcome success in the preceding tournament, and boys' perceptions of (a) greater parental and coach satisfaction with their season's performance and (b) a lack of noncontingent performance reactions by their parents. Then high generalized expectancies, along with high perceived wrestling ability and perceptions of greater adult satisfaction with the season's performance, predicted high specific expectancies for the first tournament round. High specific expectancies for the second round were predicted by high generalized expectancies and high perceived wrestling ability. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for a nomological network of wrestlers' specific performance expectancies.

Social Psychological Aspects of Competition for Male Youth Sport Participants: IL Predictors of Performance Outcomes

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Rebecca Lewthwaite ◽  
Bruce L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Related Variable ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Performance Expectancies

This field study investigated sport-related and psychological predictors of children's performance outcomes (win-loss) across two consecutive rounds of a competitive wrestling tournament. The 76 wrestlers studied were 9- to 14-year-old boys, and the sport-related variable examined involved their years of competitive wrestling experience. The psychological predictors investigated were the participants' prematch performance expectancies and their characteristic prematch cognitions including: (a) worries about failure and (b) concerns about the performance expectations and evaluative reactions of their parents and coach. The data for each round were separately analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The most influential and stable predictors of performance outcomes across both tournament rounds were competitive experience and prematch performance expectancies. In addition, characteristic failure cognitions significantly predicted win-loss in the first round of the tournament. In total, win-loss was successfully predicted in 78 and 80% of the cases for round 1 and 2, respectively, by these predictors.

Social Psychological Aspects of Competition for Male Youth Sport Participants: I. Predictors of Competitive Stress

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Rebecca Lewthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Personal Performance

This field study investigated the influence and stability of individual difference and situational factors on the competitive stress experienced by 9- to 14-year-old wrestlers. Stress was assessed by the children's form of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory and was measured immediately before and after each of two consecutive tournament matches. Wrestlers' dispositions, characteristic precompetition cognitions, perceptions of significant adult influences, psychological states, self-perceptions, and competitive outcomes were examined as predictors of pre- and postmatch anxiety in separate multiple regression analyses for each tournament round. The most influential and stable predictors of prematch stress for both matches were competitive trait anxiety and personal performance expectancies, while win-loss and fun experienced during the match predicted postmatch stress for both rounds. In addition, prematch worries about failure and perceived parental pressure to participate were predictive of round 1 prematch stress. Round 1 postmatch stress levels predicted stress after round 2, suggesting some consistency in children's stress responses. In total, 61 and 35% of prematch and 41 and 32% of postmatch state anxiety variance was explained for rounds 1 and 2, respectively.

Self-serving Biases in the Competitive Sport Setting: An Attributional Dilemma

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Michael W. Passer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
Margin Of Victory

The purpose of this field study was to examine the effects of game win-loss and margin of victory or defeat on postgame attributions. Male competitive soccer players (N= 160) were asked to attribute causality for their teams' win or loss and for their individual performance during the game to the internal factors of ability and effort and to the external factors of opponent difficulty and luck. It was proposed that, in sport, self-esteem protecting biases could be constrained by the emphasis placed on internal causal determinants of performance, and by situational norms which limit the acceptability of external attributions. In accordance with these contentions, the findings showed that although winning players attributed greater causality to internal factors than did losers, losing players still assessed internal attributes to be the most important determinants of game outcome and personal performance. Further, losers were not more external in their causal ascriptions than winners. The margin of victory or defeat did not affect players' causal attributions or their judgments of how much ability, effort, difficulty with the opponent, and luck they personally had in the game. The margin of outcome did impact players' judgments regarding how much of these attributes their team had demonstrated during the game.

Social Psychological Aspects of Competition for Male Youth Sport Participants: IV. Predictors of Enjoyment

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Scanlan ◽  
Rebecca Lewthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Maternal Performance ◽  
Coach Behaviors

This field study examined predictors of the sport enjoyment experienced by 76 male wrestlers, ages 9 to 14 years, who participated in the first two rounds of a competitive wrestling tournament. Enjoyment was operationalized as the amount of fun the boys had experienced during the wrestling season and the degree to which they liked to wrestle, Intrapersonal variables, including the participants' age and perceptions of their wrestling ability, were investigated as predictors of their sport enjoyment. Significant adult influences, including the boys' perceptions of typical parental and coach behaviors and responses to them in the sport setting, were also examined in relation to enjoyment. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that younger boys, and those who perceived greater wrestling ability, enjoyed their sport participation more than did older boys and those with perceptions of lower ability, Boys who perceived (a) greater parental and coach satisfaction with their season's performance, (b) less maternal pressure and fewer negative maternal performance reactions, and (c) more positive adult sport involvement and interactions (p < .10) experienced greater enjoyment when compared with their counterparts. Together, these predictors accounted for 38% of the variation in wrestlers' enjoyment.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

scholarly journals Social-Psychological Factors of Deviant Behavior of Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Behavior Types

The article is devoted to the study of social-psychological factors of deviant behavior in adolescents. The psychological characteristics of adolescence, the phenomenology of deviant behavior, types of deviant behavior are considered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the factors of the formation of deviant behavior of minors. The authors note the lack of scientific knowledge about this. Identifying and taking into account such factors will make it possible to individualize the process of psychoprophylactic and corrective activities of a psychologist. Experimental work on the study of the socio-psychological reasons for the deviant behavior of minors is described. The analysis of the research results is presented. The study made it possible to determine the influence of socio-psychological determinants on the formation of deviant behavior in adolescents: personal and characterological characteristics, character accentuations, peculiarities of adolescent self-esteem, types of family upbringing, characteristics of parental attitudes. All this will allow in the future to develop programs of psychological prevention of deviant behavior in adolescents, taking into account their characteristics and family upbringing.

scholarly journals Community-Based Green Care Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
SOLAJA MAYOWA OLUDELE
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide

Community-based green care initiative is an intervention geared towards satisfying the environmental, social, psychological, medical and material care for stimulating healthy well-being of children, adolescence and adults. Evidence-based studies have established that there is continual degeneration of self-esteem among adolescence in developing countries including Nigeria due to problems associated with unsustainable parenting styles and teaching patterns. It is in the light of this, the study examines a community-based green care initiative as a catalyst for sustainable parenting styles, teaching patterns and child self-esteem in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted exploratory survey design and tested three hypotheses on the subject matter. A self-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analysed through percentage distribution table and multiple regressions while qualitative data were analysed using direct quotes. Findings were discussed with reference to relevant empirical literatures and future research highlighted.

Group membership and radicalization: A cross-national investigation of collective self-esteem underlying extremism

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1230-1248
Author(s):  
Simon Ozer ◽  
Milan Obaidi ◽  
Stefan Pfattheicher
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
Cross National

Uncertainty, perceived threats, and a generally insecure life attachment have been associated with endorsement of extremism. Furthermore, salient identification with a group can influence radicalized ways of addressing insecure life attachment through an established and sometimes extreme worldview and ideology. In the present study, we replicated the finding that an insecure life attachment is associated with a higher degree of extremism endorsement. Furthermore, we found similarities and differences in how this association was influenced by various aspects of group membership across dissimilar contexts and among majority and minority groups (e.g., Muslims and non-Muslims) from Denmark ( n = 223), India ( n = 147), and the United Kingdom ( n = 225). Consequently, our results indicate that general social psychological processes underlie radicalization and that different aspects of collective self-esteem can be central promoting or mitigating factors. Overall, our findings suggest an important interplay among life attachment, collective self-esteem, and extremism across Western and non-Western majority and minority groups.

Relationship between Rigidity, Self-Esteem, and Attitudes about Computer-Based Information Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna L. Stone ◽  
Barbara Kemmerer ◽  
Hal G. Gueutal
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Data from a field study were used to assess the relationship between two individual differences variables, (a) rigidity, (b) self-esteem, and beliefs and attitudes toward the introduction of a computer-based information system. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that rigidity was negatively related to computer-related beliefs and attitudes. Further, the data indicated that self-esteem was not related to either computer-related beliefs or attitudes. Implications of these results for dealing with resistance to computerization are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document