Impact of talker adaptation on speech processing and working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1923-1923
Author(s):  
Sung-Joo Lim ◽  
Jessica Tin ◽  
Barbara Shinn-Cunningham ◽  
Tyler K. Perrachione
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Talker Adaptation

scholarly journals Brain Activation and Psychophysiologic Interaction in Association with a Phonological Working Memory Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari ◽  
Khairiah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Elizabeth A. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Phonological Working Memory ◽  
Babble Noise ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Brain activation within, and psychophysiologic interaction between, significantly activated regions in the brain obtained from a phonological working memory experiment on a single participant were studied. Given that working memory and speech processing are key functions of human behaviour, this type of investigation is of fundamental importance to our understanding of brain-behaviour relationships. The study objectives were to determine the areas that respond significantly to a phonological working memory task and to investigate the influence of babble noise on their activation and the psychophysiologic interactions (PPI) between the source region and those activated areas. Three conditions were used during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans which were working memory in quiet (WMQ), working memory in noise (WMN) and listening to babble noise (N). More voxels are activated in the right temporal lobe than in the left during N condition due to the non-speech stimulus. However, a higher mean stimulus efficacy (?) of the point of maximum intensity in the left temporal lobe causes its signal intensity to be higher than in the right temporal lobe. Both the WMQ and WMN conditions resulted in similar activated regions in the brain but with a higher number of activated voxels (NOV) during WMQ for the right hemispheric areas in association with the working memory task. This is due to the sensitivity of those regions in perceiving and performing the phonological working memory task in quiet to a level that actually exceeds the activation enhancement commonly associated with the performance of working memory task in noise. This is supported by the PPI results that performing the working memory task is less influenced by noise for that particular brain region.

scholarly journals Atypical MEG inter-subject correlation during listening to continuous natural speech in dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thiede ◽  
E. Glerean ◽  
T. Kujala ◽  
L. Parkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
List Type ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Technical Reading

AbstractListening to speech elicits brain activity time-locked to the speech sounds. This so-called neural entrainment to speech was found to be atypical in dyslexia, a reading impairment associated with neural speech processing deficits. We hypothesized that the brain responses of dyslexic vs. normal readers to real-life speech would be different, and thus the strength of inter-subject correlation (ISC) would differ from that of typical readers and be reflected in reading-related measures.We recorded magnetoencephalograms (MEG) of 23 dyslexic and 21 typically-reading adults during listening to ∼10 min of natural Finnish speech consisting of excerpts from radio news, a podcast, a self-recorded audiobook chapter and small talk. The amplitude envelopes of band-pass-filtered MEG source signals were correlated between subjects in a cortically-constrained source space in six frequency bands. The resulting ISCs of dyslexic and typical readers were compared with a permutation-based t-test. Neuropsychological measures of phonological processing, technical reading, and working memory were correlated with the ISCs utilizing the Mantel test.During listening to speech, ISCs were reduced in dyslexic compared to typical readers in delta (0.5–4 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), low gamma (25–45 Hz) and high gamma (55–90 Hz) frequency bands. In the beta (12–25 Hz) band, dyslexics had mainly enhanced ISC to speech compared to controls. Furthermore, we found that ISCs across both groups were associated with phonological processing, technical reading, and working memory.The atypical ISC to natural speech in dyslexics supports the temporal sampling deficit theory of dyslexia. It also suggests over-synchronization to phoneme-rate information in speech, which could indicate more effort-demanding sampling of phonemes from speech in dyslexia. These irregularities in parsing speech are likely some of the complex neural factors contributing to dyslexia. The associations between neural coupling and reading-related skills further support this notion.Research HighlightsMEG inter-subject correlation (ISC) of dyslexics was atypical while listening to speech.Depending on the frequency band, dyslexics had stronger or weaker ISC than controls.Reading-related measures correlated with the strength of ISC.

scholarly journals Cortical oscillations and entrainment in speech processing during working memory load

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Hjortkjær ◽  
Jonatan Märcher‐Rørsted ◽  
Søren A. Fuglsang ◽  
Torsten Dau
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Cortical Oscillations

Working Memory Function in Children with Single Side Deafness Using a Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Di Stadio ◽  
Laura Dipietro ◽  
Roberta Toffano ◽  
Francesca Burgio ◽  
Antonietta De Lucia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Significant Difference

The importance of a good hearing function to preserve memory and cognitive abilities has been shown in the adult population, but studies on the pediatric population are currently lacking. This study aims at evaluating the effects of a bone-anchored hearing implant (BAHI) on speech perception, speech processing, and memory abilities in children with single side deafness (SSD). We enrolled n = 25 children with SSD and assessed them prior to BAHI implantation, and at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups after BAHI implantation using tests of perception in silence and perception in phonemic confusion, dictation in silence and noise, and working memory and short-term memory function in conditions of silence and noise. We also enrolled and evaluated n = 15 children with normal hearing. We found a statistically significant difference in performance between healthy children and children with SSD before BAHI implantation in the scores of all tests. After 3 months from BAHI implantation, the per­formance of children with SSD was comparable to that of healthy subjects as assessed by tests of speech perception, working memory, and short-term memory function in silence condition, while differences persisted in the scores of the dictation test (both in silence and noise conditions) and of the working memory function test in noise condition. Our data suggest that in children with SSD BAHI improves speech perception and memory. Speech rehabilitation may be necessary to further improve speech processing.

scholarly journals Neural Representation of Auditory Speech Processing in Age-Related Hearing Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pauquet ◽  
Christiane Thiel ◽  
Christian Mathys ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Listening Condition ◽  
Auditory Speech ◽  
Behavioral Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss has been associated with increased recruitment of frontal brain areas during speech perception to compensate for the decline in auditory input. This additional recruitment may bind resources otherwise needed for understanding speech. However, it is unknown how increased demands on listening interact with increasing cognitive demands when processing speech in age-related hearing loss. The current study used a full-sentence working memory task manipulating demands on working memory and listening and studied untreated mild to moderate hard of hearing (n = 20) and normal-hearing age-matched participants (n = 19) with functional MRI. On the behavioral level, we found a significant interaction of memory load and listening condition; this was, however, similar for both groups. Under low, but not high memory load, listening condition significantly influenced task performance. Similarly, under easy but not difficult listening conditions, memory load had a significant effect on task performance. On the neural level, we found increased responses under high compared to low memory load conditions in the left supramarginal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor cortex regardless of hearing ability. Furthermore, we found increased responses in the bilateral superior temporal gyri under easy compared to difficult listening conditions. We found no group differences nor interactions of groups with memory load or listening conditions. This suggests that memory load and listening conditions interacted on a behavioral level, however, only the increased memory load was reflected in increased neural responses in frontal and parietal brain regions. Hence, when evaluating listening abilities in elderly participants, memory load should be considered as it might interfere with the assessed performance. We could not find any further evidence that neural mechanisms of auditory speech processing are affected by mild to moderate age-related hearing loss.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Sublexical Processing in Phonological Working Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn McGettigan ◽  
Jane E. Warren ◽  
Frank Eisner ◽  
Chloe R. Marshall ◽  
Pradheep Shanmugalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Phonological Working Memory

This study investigated links between working memory and speech processing systems. We used delayed pseudoword repetition in fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of sublexical structure in phonological working memory (pWM). We orthogonally varied the number of syllables and consonant clusters in auditory pseudowords and measured the neural responses to these manipulations under conditions of covert rehearsal (Experiment 1). A left-dominant network of temporal and motor cortex showed increased activity for longer items, with motor cortex only showing greater activity concomitant with adding consonant clusters. An individual-differences analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between activity in the angular gyrus and the hippocampus, and accuracy on pseudoword repetition. As models of pWM stipulate that its neural correlates should be activated during both perception and production/rehearsal [Buchsbaum, B. R., & D'Esposito, M. The search for the phonological store: From loop to convolution. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 762–778, 2008; Jacquemot, C., & Scott, S. K. What is the relationship between phonological short-term memory and speech processing? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 480–486, 2006; Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press, 1974], we further assessed the effects of the two factors in a separate passive listening experiment (Experiment 2). In this experiment, the effect of the number of syllables was concentrated in posterior–medial regions of the supratemporal plane bilaterally, although there was no evidence of a significant response to added clusters. Taken together, the results identify the planum temporale as a key region in pWM; within this region, representations are likely to take the form of auditory or audiomotor “templates” or “chunks” at the level of the syllable [Papoutsi, M., de Zwart, J. A., Jansma, J. M., Pickering, M. J., Bednar, J. A., & Horwitz, B. From phonemes to articulatory codes: an fMRI study of the role of Broca's area in speech production. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2156–2165, 2009; Warren, J. E., Wise, R. J. S., & Warren, J. D. Sounds do-able: auditory–motor transformations and the posterior temporal plane. Trends in Neurosciences, 28, 636–643, 2005; Griffiths, T. D., & Warren, J. D. The planum temporale as a computational hub. Trends in Neurosciences, 25, 348–353, 2002], whereas more lateral structures on the STG may deal with phonetic analysis of the auditory input [Hickok, G. The functional neuroanatomy of language. Physics of Life Reviews, 6, 121–143, 2009].

scholarly journals Neuromagnetic speech discrimination responses are associated with reading-related skills in dyslexic and typical readers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thiede ◽  
L. Parkkonen ◽  
P. Virtala ◽  
M. Laasonen ◽  
J.P. Mäkelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
List Type ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
Technical Reading

AbstractDyslexia is thought to result from poor phonological processing. We investigated neuromagnetic speech discrimination in dyslexic and typical readers with mismatch fields (MMF) and determined the associations between MMFs and reading-related skills. We expected weak and atypically lateralized MMFs in dyslexic readers, and associations between reading-related skills and MMF strength. MMFs were recorded to a repeating pseudoword /ta-ta/ with occasional changes in vowel identity, duration, or syllable frequency from 43 adults, 21 with confirmed dyslexia. Speech-sound changes elicited MMFs in bilateral auditory cortices, with no group differences in source strengths. MMFs to vowel identity and duration changes were left-lateralized. Better verbal working memory was associated with stronger left-hemispheric MMFs across groups, suggesting the relevance of verbal working memory for speech processing. Better technical reading was associated with stronger right-hemispheric MMFs in dyslexic readers, suggesting a right-hemispheric compensatory mechanism for language processing. In conclusion, contrary to prior work, our results did not support deficient speech discrimination in dyslexia. However, in line with previous studies, we observed left-lateralized MMFs to vowel identity and duration changes, and associations of MMFs with reading-related skills, highlighting the connection between neural speech processing and reading and promoting the use of MMFs in investigating reading-related brain processes.HighlightsSpeech-sound changes elicit comparable mismatch fields in dyslexics and controls.Mismatch fields (MMFs) to vowel identity and duration changes are left-lateralized.Stronger left MMFs are associated with better verbal working memory across groups.Stronger right MMFs are associated with better technical reading in dyslexics.Low-level neural speech discrimination is associated with reading-related skills.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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