scholarly journals Brain Activation and Psychophysiologic Interaction in Association with a Phonological Working Memory Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari ◽  
Khairiah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Elizabeth A. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Phonological Working Memory ◽  
Babble Noise ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Brain activation within, and psychophysiologic interaction between, significantly activated regions in the brain obtained from a phonological working memory experiment on a single participant were studied. Given that working memory and speech processing are key functions of human behaviour, this type of investigation is of fundamental importance to our understanding of brain-behaviour relationships. The study objectives were to determine the areas that respond significantly to a phonological working memory task and to investigate the influence of babble noise on their activation and the psychophysiologic interactions (PPI) between the source region and those activated areas. Three conditions were used during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans which were working memory in quiet (WMQ), working memory in noise (WMN) and listening to babble noise (N). More voxels are activated in the right temporal lobe than in the left during N condition due to the non-speech stimulus. However, a higher mean stimulus efficacy (?) of the point of maximum intensity in the left temporal lobe causes its signal intensity to be higher than in the right temporal lobe. Both the WMQ and WMN conditions resulted in similar activated regions in the brain but with a higher number of activated voxels (NOV) during WMQ for the right hemispheric areas in association with the working memory task. This is due to the sensitivity of those regions in perceiving and performing the phonological working memory task in quiet to a level that actually exceeds the activation enhancement commonly associated with the performance of working memory task in noise. This is supported by the PPI results that performing the working memory task is less influenced by noise for that particular brain region.

The Altered Brain Activation of Phonological Working Memory, Dual Tasking, and Distraction Among Participants With Adult ADHD and the Effect of the MAOA Polymorphism

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Ko ◽  
Tsyh-Jyi Hsieh ◽  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Wei-Chen Lin ◽  
Cheng-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Phonological Working Memory ◽  
Pars Opercularis ◽  
The Brain

Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the brain correlates of phonological working memory (WM), dual tasking, and distraction in adult ADHD combined with the effect of polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA rs1137070 Asp470Asp). Method: A total of 29 participants with adult ADHD and 21 controls were recruited. They completed 0-back and 2-back tasks, as wells as 2-back tasks with a dual-task effect or a distracting effect, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results: The brain activation of WM in the bilateral inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis, was higher among the adult ADHD group. The genotype of MAOA significantly interacted with the ADHD effect in the left inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis. Adults with ADHD had higher activation in the left lingual area in response to the dual-tasking effect. Conclusion: The MAOA polymorphism moderated the altered activation in pars opercularis for WM among adults with ADHD. The higher lingual gyrus activation might indicate that higher attention resources are demanded to sustain the dual-task function of adults with ADHD.

scholarly journals Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Lugtmeijer ◽  
◽  
Linda Geerligs ◽  
Frank Erik de Leeuw ◽  
Edward H. F. de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Criterion Setting ◽  
The Right

AbstractWorking memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.

Abnormal prefrontal activity subserving attentional control of emotion in remitted depressed patients during a working memory task with emotional distracters

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kerestes ◽  
C. D. Ladouceur ◽  
S. Meda ◽  
P. J. Nathan ◽  
H. P. Blumberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Right

BackgroundPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show deficits in processing of facial emotions that persist beyond recovery and cessation of treatment. Abnormalities in neural areas supporting attentional control and emotion processing in remitted depressed (rMDD) patients suggests that there may be enduring, trait-like abnormalities in key neural circuits at the interface of cognition and emotion, but this issue has not been studied systematically.MethodNineteen euthymic, medication-free rMDD patients (mean age 33.6 years; mean duration of illness 34 months) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC; mean age 35.8 years) performed the Emotional Face N-Back (EFNBACK) task, a working memory task with emotional distracter stimuli. We used blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activity in the dorsolateral (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum and amygdala, using a region of interest (ROI) approach in SPM2.ResultsrMDD patients exhibited significantly greater activity relative to HC in the left DLPFC [Brodmann area (BA) 9/46] in response to negative emotional distracters during high working memory load. By contrast, rMDD patients exhibited significantly lower activity in the right DLPFC and left VLPFC compared to HC in response to positive emotional distracters during high working memory load. These effects occurred during accurate task performance.ConclusionsRemitted depressed patients may continue to exhibit attentional biases toward negative emotional information, reflected by greater recruitment of prefrontal regions implicated in attentional control in the context of negative emotional information.

scholarly journals S177. IMPACT OF NOS1AP AND ITS INTERACTION PARTNERS AT THE GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE ON WORKING MEMORY NETWORKS - AN FMRI IMAGING GENETICS STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S105-S105
Author(s):  
Eva Raspor ◽  
Peter K Hahn ◽  
Tom Lancaster ◽  
David E J Linden ◽  
Florian Freudenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Phase Delay ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapse ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction is an important pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia. At the postsynapse the NMDAR interacts with the post-synaptic density (PSD). Neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) binds to the PSD scaffolding proteins PSD-93 and PSD-95, enabling NMDAR-mediated release of nitric oxide via NOS1. NOS1AP (adaptor of NOS1) is capable of disrupting the interactions between NOS1, PSD-93, and PSD95. Therefore, NOS1AP is closely involved in both glutamatergic and nitrinergic neurotransmission. NOS1AP has been implicated as a risk gene for schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction. Its increased expression has been observed in dorsolateral prefrontal post-mortem brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, and NOS1AP SNPs have been associated with established schizophrenia endophenotypes. These findings suggest that the influence of NOS1AP variants should be observable in neural systems implicated in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigate the impact of NOS1AP and its interaction partners at the glutamatergic synapse on the cortical working memory (WM) networks using fMRI and a gene set analysis approach. Methods 97 right-handed individuals with no personal or family history of psychiatric disorders underwent fMRI in a 3T Siemens Trio scanner during the performance of a visuospatial change detection WM task. Data analysis in Brain Voyager QX 2.8 included standard data preprocessing. Additionally, a multiscale curvature driven cortex based alignment procedure was used to minimize macro-anatomical variability between subjects. Subsequently, data were analyzed using a random-effects multi-subject general linear model. We investigated 19 regions of interest (ROIs) within the core fronto-parietal WM network. We studied all phases of our WM paradigm (encoding, maintenance, retrieval), which were modeled by a total of 5 regressors (encoding, delays 1–3, retrieval). Genetic data was quality controlled and imputed using the RICOPILI pipeline. Gene-set analyses of the 19 ROIs were performed using MAGMA. Two gene sets were selected: 1) NOS1AP/NOS1; 2) NOS1AP/glutamatergic synapse. We applied a Bonferroni correction for the total of 19 ROIs and 5 regressors (95 tests) to both analyses. Results Both gene set analyses revealed multiple associations between brain activation in core fronto-parietal WM areas. For the NOS1/NOS1AP set, most associations were observed during the late maintenance phase (Delay 3) of our WM paradigm. One association was significant Bonferroni correction: a cluster in the left intraparietal sulcus during the late maintenance phase (Delay 3; β=2.2459, SD=0.0239, SE=0.6451, p=0,00025). For NOS1AP / glutamatergic synapse interaction partners, two associations were significant after Bonferroni correction: a cluster in the right IPS during the early maintenance phase (Delay 1; β=0.8525, SD=0.0257, SE=0.2127, p=0.0000308) and a cluster in a different part of the right IPS during the late maintenance phase (Delay 3; β=0.7186, SD=0.0216, SE=0.2119, p=0,000348). Discussion In our gene set analyses we observed multiple associations between brain activation during WM and NOS1AP and its interaction partners, which were most pronounced during the late maintenance phase of our WM task in bilateral areas within the IPS. Both the more constrained NOS1AP / NOS1 gene set and the NOS1AP / glutamatergic synapse gene set showed similar association patterns. Our results implicate the NOS1AP interactome and the glutamatergic system in information processing and brain function in a cognitive domain strongly impaired in schizophrenia. They also indicate that altered activation of parietal WM areas during the maintenance phase is most strongly affected.

Representational Pseudoneglect in an Auditory-Driven Spatial Working Memory Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Brooks ◽  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Robert McIntosh ◽  
Sergio Della Sala
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Descriptions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Two experiments explored lateralized biases in mental representations of matrix patterns formed from aural verbal descriptions. Healthy participants listened, either monaurally or binaurally, to verbal descriptions of 6 by 3 matrix patterns and were asked to form a mental representation of each pattern. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge which half of the matrix, left or right, contained more filled cells and to rate the certainty of their judgement. Participants tended to judge that the left side was fuller than the right and showed significantly greater certainty when judging patterns that were fuller on the left. This tendency was particularly strong for left-ear presentation. In Experiment 2, participants conducted the same task as that in Experiment 1 but were also asked to recall the pattern for the side judged as fuller. Participants were again more certain in judging patterns that were fuller on the left—particularly for left-ear presentation—but were no more accurate in remembering the details from the left. These results suggest that the left side of the mental representation was represented more saliently but it was not remembered more accurately. We refer to this lateralized bias as “representational pseudoneglect”. Results are discussed in terms of theories of visuospatial working memory.

Shadows in the Brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Castiello ◽  
Dean Lusher ◽  
Carol Burton ◽  
Peter Disler
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Shape Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Visual Neglect ◽  
Object Shape ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
The Right ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Brain

The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the processing of an object shadow occurs implicitly, that is without conscious awareness, and where physically within the human brain shadows are processed. Here we present neurological evidence, obtained from studies of brain-injured patients with visual neglect, that shadows are implicitly processed and that this processing may take place within the temporal lobe. Neglect patients with lesions that do not involve the right temporal lobe were still able to process shadows to optimize object shape perception. In contrast, shadow processing was not found to be as efficient in neglect patients with lesions that involve the right temporal lobe.

scholarly journals Quantifying the heritability of task-related brain activation and performance during the N-back working memory task: A twin fMRI study

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriëlla A.M. Blokland ◽  
Katie L. McMahon ◽  
Jan Hoffman ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Matthew Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Acute Ketamine Administration Alters the Brain Responses to Executive Demands in a Verbal Working Memory Task: an fMRI Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A E Honey ◽  
G D Honey ◽  
C O'Loughlin ◽  
S R Sharar ◽  
D Kumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Span, CRUNCH, and Beyond: Working Memory Capacity and the Aging Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils J. Schneider-Garces ◽  
Brian A. Gordon ◽  
Carrie R. Brumback-Peltz ◽  
Eunsam Shin ◽  
Yukyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Brain

Neuroimaging data emphasize that older adults often show greater extent of brain activation than younger adults for similar objective levels of difficulty. A possible interpretation of this finding is that older adults need to recruit neuronal resources at lower loads than younger adults, leaving no resources for higher loads, and thus leading to performance decrements [Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis; e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Cappell, K. A. Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 177–182, 2008]. The Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis leads to the prediction that activation differences between younger and older adults should disappear when task difficulty is made subjectively comparable. In a Sternberg memory search task, this can be achieved by assessing brain activity as a function of load relative to the individual's memory span, which declines with age. Specifically, we hypothesized a nonlinear relationship between load and both performance and brain activity and predicted that asymptotes in the brain activation function should correlate with performance asymptotes (corresponding to working memory span). The results suggest that age differences in brain activation can be largely attributed to individual variations in working memory span. Interestingly, the brain activation data show a sigmoid relationship with load. Results are discussed in terms of Cowan's [Cowan, N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87–114, 2001] model of working memory and theories of impaired inhibitory processes in aging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document